SİYASÎ DÜŞÜNCEDE ÖZGÜRLÜK GELENEĞİ VE MODERN LİBERTERYENİZM

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı son on yıllarda özellikle Kuzey Amerika’da bir canlanma yaşayan liberteryenizmi klasik liberalizmden ayırt etmenin ve iç tutarlılığı olan bağımsız bir siyasî felsefe olarak tanımlamanın mümkün olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Bu çabanın başlıca zorluğu, liberteryenizmin tarihsel olarak büyük ölçüde klasik liberalizmin içinden doğmuş ve onunla aynı üst anlatıyı (‘’özgürlük geleneği’’) paylaşıyor olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yine de, liberteryenizmi başlı başına bir siyasî felsefe olarak tanımlayan ve çoğu klasik liberalizmle ortak olan bazı felsefî-ahlâkî öncüller ile siyasî değer ve ilkelerin var olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ancak, örtüşen ilkeler söz konusu olduğunda iki doktrini ayırt edenin, bu ilke ve değerlerin kısmen farklı yorumlanması olduğunu belirtmek gerekir. Bu farklılık özellikle mülkiyet hakkı ve piyasa ekonomisi ile siyasî otoriteye karşı kuşkuculukta kendisini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada ayrıca, baskın liberteryen söylemdeki anlayışın aksine, liberteryenizmin mülkiyetçi anlamda bir ‘’öz-sahiplik’’le değil, kişinin kendi bedensel ve zihinsel varlığı üzerindeki mutlak kontrolü anlamında ‘’bireysel egemenlik’’le tanımlanması gerektiği savunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Özgürlük
• Öz-Sahiplik
• Saldırmazlık
• Kendiliğinden Düzen
• Klasik Liberalizm

Kaynakça

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