Okul Öncesi Kaynaştırma Sınıflarındaki Öğretmenlerin, Özel Gereksinimli ve Risk Grubu Çocukların Sınıf İçi Davranışlarının İncelenmesi

Yıl 2016, , 141 - 162, 05.08.2016

Şeyda Demir

https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.246292

Cited By: 5

Öz

Okul
öncesinde kaynaştırma uygulamaları, birçok uzman ve öğretmen tarafından özel
gereksinimli (ÖG) çocuklar için en iyi uygulamalar olarak görülmektedir. Ancak
okul öncesi sınıflarda çalışan öğretmenler ve sınıflarındaki ÖG çocukların
davranışlarının gözlemlendiği araştırmalar sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu nedenle araştırmanın amacı,
sınıfında ÖG ve öğretmen görüşlerine göre risk grubu (RG) olduğu düşünülen
çocuk olan okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin ve bu çocukların sınıf içi
davranışlarının incelenmesidir. Betimsel bir araştırma olan bu çalışmada,
Ankara’da bağımsız bir anaokulunda çalışan on yedi okul öncesi öğretmeni ile
sınıflarındaki ÖG ya da RG çocukların davranışları, masa başı etkinlikler (MBE)
ve serbest zaman etkinliklerinde (SZE) yarımşar saat kamera ile kaydedilmiştir.
Video kayıtları, geliştirilen gözlem kayıt formları ile izlenmiş; böylece
öğretmen ve ÖG ya da RG çocuk davranışları değerlendirilmiştir. Gözlem
sonuçları, öğretmenlerin MBE ve SZE’de ÖG ya da RG çocukla benzer şekilde
etkileşim kurduğunu, her iki etkinlikte de ÖG ya da RG çocuğa yönelik benzer
sayıda olumlu davranış sergilediğini, olumsuz davranışlarının çok az olduğunu
göstermiştir. ÖG ya da RG çocuklar ise akranlarıyla SZE’de MBE’ye oranla daha
çok etkileşim kurmuşlar, SZE’de akranları ve öğretmenleriyle olumlu
etkileşimlerinin sıklığı MBE’ye göre biraz daha fazla olmuştur. Her iki
etkinlikte de akranları ve öğretmenlerine yönelik olumsuz etkileşim
sıklıklarının da benzer olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca hem MBE hem de SZE için
problem davranışlarının oranı benzer bulunmuş, çocukların MBE’nin yarısına
yakınında verilen görev üzerinde çalıştıkları belirlenmiştir. Bulgular ilgili
alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynaştırma/bütünleştirme, okul öncesi sınıflar, sınıf içi öğretmen ve çocuk davranışları, gözlem

Kaynakça

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