Investigation of the effects of hot dip aluminizing and diffusion annealing on microstructural and tribological properties of dual phase (DP800) steels

Abstract

In this study, the effects of hot dip aluminizing (HDA) (90 s at 725°C) and diffusion annealing on the microstructural and tribological properties of DP800 steel were investigated. After HDA treatment, one of the sample was left to cool in air (HDA-1) and the other one left to cool in air after being subjected to a diffusion annealing for 1 hour in an oven set at 300°C (HDA-2). Evolution in mechanical and tribological properties depending on the developments in the coating microstructure investigated in terms of hardness and wear behaviour, respectively. Mechanical characterization results show that diffusion annealing increases the hardness value of hot dip aluminized steel to 1100 HV values. Considering the wear ball volume and friction coefficients, the most advanced tribological properties were observed in the diffusion-annealed HDA process (HDA-2).

Keywords

• DP800 steel
• Hot dip aluminizing
• Diffusion annealing
• Wear

Sıcak daldırma alüminyumlama ve difüzyon tavlaması işleminin çift fazlı (DP800) çeliklerin mikroyapısal ve tribolojik özelliklerine etkilerinin incelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, sıcak daldırmalı alüminyumlama (HDA) (725°C'de 90 sn.) ve difüzyon tavlaması işleminin DP800 çeliğinin mikroyapısal ve tribolojik özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. HDA işleminden sonra numunelerden biri havada (HDA-1), diğeri ise 300°C'ye ayarlanmış fırında (HDA-2) 1 saat difüzyon tavlaması işlemine tabi tutularak havada soğumaya bırakılmıştır. Kaplama mikroyapısındaki dönüşüme bağlı olarak değişen mekanik ve tribolojik özellikler sırasıyla sertlik ve aşınma davranışı bakımından incelenmiştir. Mekanik karakterizasyon sonuçları, difüzyon tavlaması işleminin sıcak daldırma alüminize çeliğin sertlik değerini 1100 HV değerlerine çıkardığını göstermektedir. Aşınan bilye hacmi ve sürtünme katsayıları dikkate alındığında en gelişmiş tribolojik özellikler difüzyon tavlaması işlemi görmüş HDA prosesinde (HDA-2) gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• DP800 çelik
• Sıcak daldırma alüminyumlama
• Difüzyon tavlaması
• Aşınma

Kaynakça

1. [1] Tzormpatzidi V, Fourlaris G. “Microstructure-mechanical property relationships during processing of experimental dual phase (DP800) and TRIP 600 strip steels”. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 12(2), 1036-1037, 2006.
2. [2] Darabi ACh, Chamani HR, Kadkhodapour J, Anaraki AP, Alaie A, Ayatollahi MR. “Micromechanical analysis of two heat-treated dual phase steels: DP800 and DP980”. Mechanics of Materials, 110, 68-83, 2017.
3. [3] Tian C, Ponge D, Christiansen L, Kirchlechner C. “On the mechanical heterogeneity in dual phase steel grades: Activation of slip systems and deformation of martensite in DP800”. Acta Materialia, 183, 274-284, 2020.
4. [4] Song GM, Vystavel T, Van Der Pers N, de Hosson J TM, Sloof WG. “Relation between microstructure and adhesion of hot dip galvanized zinc coatings on dual phase steel”. Acta Materialia, 60(6-7), 2973-2981, 2012.
5. [5] Sabooni S, Galinmoghaddam E, Ahmadi M, Westerwaal RJ, Langkruis J, Zoestbergen E, de Hosson JTM, Pei YT. “Microstructure and adhesion strength quantification of PVD bi-layered ZnMg-Zn coatings on DP800 steel”. Surface and Coating Technology, 359, 227-238, 2019.
6. [6] Chovet C, Guiheux S. “Possibilities offered by MIG and TIG brazing of galvanized ultra high strength steels for automotive applications”. la Metallurgia Italiana, 47-53, 2006.
7. [7] Li X, Lawson S, Zhou Y, Goodwin F. “Novel technique for laser lap welding of zinc coated sheet steels”. Journal of Laser Applications, 19(4), 259-264, 2007.
8. [8] Shehryar Khan M, Cho YH, Alfano M, Goodwin F, Biro E, Zhou Y. “A systematic study on the effect of coating type and surface preparation on the wettability of Si-Bronze brazing filler material on GI and GA-coated DP600”. Surface and Coating Technology, 425, 1-16, 2021.

9. [9] Cho L, Kang H, Lee C, de Cooman BC. “Microstructure of liquid metal embrittlement cracks on Zn-coated 22MnB5 press-hardened steel”. Scripta Materiala, 90-91, 25-28, 2014.
10. [10] Kang H, Cho L, Lee C, De Cooman BC. “Zn penetration in liquid metal embrittled steel”. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 47(6), 2885-2905, 2016.
11. [11] Takata N, Tsukahara T, Kobayashi S, Takeyama M. “Microstructure control of dual-phase steels through HotDip Al-Mg-Si alloy coating process”. ISIJ International, 56(2), 319-325, 2016.
12. [12] Dede A. DP-800 Kalite Çift Fazlı Çeliğin Sıcak Daldırma Yöntemi ile Alüminyum Kaplanması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2018.
13. [13] Samsu Z, Othman NK, Daud AR, Hussein H. “Morphological and microstructural studies on aluminizing coating of carbon steel”. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1571(1), 141-145, 2013.
14. [14] Huilgol P, Rajendra Udupa K, Udaya Bhat K. “Formation of microstructural features in hot-dip aluminized AISI 321 stainless steel”. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 25(2), 190-198, 2018.
15. [15] Kobayashi S, Yakou T. “Control of intermetallic compound layers at interface between steel and aluminum by diffusion-treatment”. Materials Science and Engineering: A, (338)(1-2), 44-53, 2002.
16. [16] Amanov A, Pyun YS, Kim JH, Sasaki S. “The usability and preliminary effectiveness of ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification technique on surface properties of silicon carbide”. Applied Surface Science, 311, 448-460, 2014.
17. [17] Yeremenko VN, Natanzon YV, Dybkov VI. “The effect of dissolution on the growth of the Fe2Al5 interlayer in the solid iron-liquid aluminium system”. Journal of Material Science, 16(7), 1748-1756, 1981.
18. [18] Kang S, Han K, Kim K, Kang Y, Son K, Kim D. “Formation behavior of an ıntermetallic compound layer during the hot dip aluminizing of cast ıron”. ISIJ International, 52(7), 1342-1347, 2012.
19. [19] Liang HC, Wang CJ. “The hot corrosion resistance of hotdip aluminized low carbon steel with nickel interlayer under static load”. Surface and Coating Technology, 350, 496-501, 2018.
20. [20] Dey PP, Modak P, Banerjee PS, Chakrabarti D, Seikh AH, Abdo HS, Luqman M, Ghosh M. “Studies on the characterization and morphological features of the coating on interstitial free steel dipped in molten Al-Si-Mg alloy at 800 °C”. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(3), 4788-4805, 2020.
21. [21] Kishore K, Chhangani S, Prasad MJNV, Bhanumurthy K. “Microstructure evolution and hardness of hot dip aluminized coating on pure iron and EUROFER 97 steel: Effect of substrate chemistry and heat treatment”. Surface and Coating Technology, 409, 1-10, 2021.
22. [22] Ghahramanzadeh Asl H, Sert Y, Bayrak Ö, Küçükömeroğlu T. “Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 luminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(1), 63-71, 2022.