Evsel katı atıkların kaynakta ikili ayrılması özel halinin çevresel, ekonomik, sosyal ve teknik kriterler açısından analitik hiyerarşi prosesi yardımıyla analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 5, 881 - 898, 19.10.2025

Ömer Apaydın

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sıfır Atık Yönetmeliği (SAY) minimum kriteri olan kaynakta ikili ayırma durumu için evsel katı atık yönetim seçeneklerine karar vermektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için çok kriterli karar verme aracı olarak analitik hiyerarşi prosesi (AHP) kullanılmıştır. Karar noktaları olarak beş farklı evsel katı atık yönetim seçeneği seçilmiştir. Karar noktalarını etkileyen ana kriter olarak SAY minimum zorunlu kriteri olan evsel katı atıkların kaynakta ikili ayrılması, alt kriterler olarak ise beş çevresel, dört ekonomik, üç sosyal ve üç teknik parametre seçilmiştir. Hem alt kriterlerin kendi içinde hem de evsel katı atık yönetim seçeneklerinin her bir kritere göre ikili karşılaştırma verisi temini için uzman görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Uzman görüşlerinin alınması, Google Formlar kullanılarak hazırlanan anket çalışmasıyla sağlanmıştır. Uzman görüşlerinden elde edilen sayısal verilerin geometrik ortalamaları kullanılarak, her bir alt kriter grubu (çevresel, ekonomik, sosyal ve teknik) için kendi içinde SAY minimum kriteri kapsamında ikili karşılaştırma matrisleri oluşturulmuş ve gerekli AHP analiz süreçleri uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; evsel katı atık yönetim seçenek tercihleri, çevresel kriterler açısından maddesel geri dönüşüm(0.381)> ısıl işlem(0.193)> biyometanizasyon(0.187)> kompostlaştırma(0.125)> düzenli depolama(0.112), ekonomik kriterler açısından düzenli depolama(0.357)> materyal geri dönüşüm(0.247)> kompostlaştırma(0.193)> biyometanizasyon(0.097)> ısıl işlem(0.054), sosyal kriterler acısından maddesel geri dönüşüm(0.393)> kompostlaştırma(0.233) =biyometanizasyon(0.233)> ısıl işlem(0.086)> düzenli depolama(0.055), teknik kriterler açısından maddesel geri dönüşüm(0.381)> düzenli depolama(0.315)> kompostlaştırma(0.143)> biyometanizasyon(0.114)> ısıl işlem (0.047) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; kaynakta ikili ayırma durumunda katı atık yönetim seçenek önceliğinin çevresel, sosyal ve teknik kriterler açısından maddesel geri dönüşüm, ekonomik kriterler açısından ise düzenli depolama olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Analitik hiyerarşi prosesi , Google formlar anketi , katı atık yönetim seçenekleri , Kaynakta ikili ayırma , sıfır atık yönetmeliği

Analysis of the special case of binary separation at source of municipal solid waste with the help of analytical hierarchy process in terms of environmental, economic, social and technical criteria

Öz

The aim of this study is to decide on the municipal solid waste (MSW) management option for the minimum criterion of Zero Waste Regulation (ZWR) which is binary separation at source. To achieve this aim, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used as a multi-criteria decision-making tool. Five different waste management alternatives were selected as decision points. The main criterion affecting the decision points was binary separation of solid waste at source, and five environmental, four economic, three social and three technical criteria were selected as sub-criteria. Expert opinions were consulted to obtain binary comparison data both within the sub-criteria themselves and for each criterion of MSW management alternatives. The survey prepared using Google Forms. Using the geometric means of the numerical data obtained from expert opinions, binary comparison matrices were created for each sub-criteria group within the scope of the ZWR minimum criterion and the necessary AHP analysis processes were applied. According to the results obtained; MSW management alternative preferences were calculated as material recovery(0.381)> thermal process(0.193)> biomethanization(0.187)> composting(0.125)> sanitary landfill(0.112) for environmental; sanitary landfill(0.357)> material recovery(0.247)> composting(0.193)> biomethanization(0.097)> thermal process (0.054) for economic; material recovery(0.393)> composting(0.233)= biomethanization(0.233)> thermal process(0.086)> sanitary landfill(0.055) for social; material recovery (0.381)> sanitary landfill(0.315)> composting(0.143)> biomethanization (0.114)> thermal process (0.047) for technical criteria. As a result; in case of applying binary separation at source, it has been determined that the priority of domestic solid waste management alternative is material recovery in terms of environmental, social and technical criteria, and sanitary landfill in terms of economic criteria.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Analytical hierarchy process , Google forms survey , Solid waste management alternatives , Binary separation at source , Zero waste regulation

Kaynakça

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