Araştırma Makalesi

Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point

Sayı: Advanced Online Publication Erken Görünüm Tarihi: 8 Haziran 2026
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Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point

Öz

ContextFlow around circular cylinders remain a fundamental yet practically important problem in fluid mechanics due to its strong flow separation, unsteady wake formation, and associated pressure drag. In many engineering applications, particularly in aerospace and civil structures, reducing drag is essential for improving performance and energy efficiency. The Reynolds number considered in this study (Re = 2×105) lies within the critical regime for circular cylinders, where the boundary layer undergoes transition, and the wake structure becomes highly sensitive to external disturbances. Despite extensive research on synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) as an active flow control technique, their application at such critical Reynolds numbers has not been thoroughly investigated, and most existing studies focus on lower-Reynolds-number regimes or conventional configurations.

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a SJA positioned at the rear stagnation point of a circular cylinder operating in the critical Reynolds number regime. Specifically, the study aims to evaluate the influence of actuation frequency and momentum coefficient on drag reduction, wake dynamics, and vortex shedding behavior.

MethodA two-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) approach coupled with the k-ω turbulence model was employed. The baseline case was first validated against reference experimental data for aerodynamic coefficients and pressure distribution. Subsequently, a parametric study was conducted by varying the non-dimensional frequency and momentum coefficient. Time-resolved analysis and phase-resolved flow visualizations were used to examine the interaction between the synthetic jet and the wake.

ResultsThe results indicate that synthetic jet actuation leads to a significant reduction in drag coefficient, with a maximum reduction of 19.4% under sub-harmonic forcing conditions. The flow transitions into a quasi-periodic regime after the initial transient phase, where the mean drag is reduced while maintaining unsteady fluctuations. The drag reduction mechanism is primarily associated with enhanced base pressure and periodic modification of the wake structure.

ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that SJAs can effectively control bluff body flows even within the critical Reynolds number regime when appropriate actuation parameters are selected. The study highlights the importance of frequency tuning and momentum input in achieving efficient flow control. Future work will focus on three-dimensional effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus

Proje Numarası

BAP-FEN-25-D-15

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval is not required for this article.

Kaynakça

  1. A. Roshko, “On the drag and shedding frequency of two-dimensional bluff bodies”, California Institute of Technology, Washington, USA, NACA Technical Note, 3169, 1954.
  2. C. H. K. Williamson, “Defining a universal and continuous Strouhal–Reynolds number relationship for the laminar vortex shedding of a circular cylinder”, Physics of Fluids, 31(10), 2742–2744, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.866978.
  3. C. H. K. Williamson, “Vortex dynamics in the cylinder wake”, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 28, 477–539, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.28.010196.002401.
  4. P. W. Bearman, “On vortex shedding from a circular cylinder in the critical Reynolds number régime”, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 37(3), 577–585, 1969. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112069000735.
  5. M. M. Zdravkovich, “Different modes of vortex shedding: An overview”, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 10(5), 427–437, 1996, https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1996.0029.
  6. C. Norberg, “An experimental investigation of the flow around a circular cylinder: Influence of aspect ratio”, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 258, 287–316, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112094003332.
  7. N. K. Delany, N. E. Sorensen, “Low-speed drag of cylinders of various shapes”, Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, Washington, USA, NACA Technical Note, 3038, 1953. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc56716/ (Access date: 12.03.2026)
  8. H. Jiang, “Two- and three-dimensional wake transitions of a circular cylinder with a rear-attached splitter plate”, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1014, A28, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.10267.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Makine Mühendisliğinde Sayısal Yöntemler

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Barış Güngördü *
0000-0001-5192-3989
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

8 Haziran 2026

Yayımlanma Tarihi

-

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Mart 2026

Kabul Tarihi

5 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: Advanced Online Publication

Kaynak Göster

APA
Güngördü, B. (2026). Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.65206/pajes.1919348
AMA
1.Güngördü B. Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.65206/pajes.1919348
Chicago
Güngördü, Barış. 2026. “Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.65206/pajes.1919348.
EndNote
Güngördü B (01 Haziran 2026) Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Advanced Online Publication
IEEE
[1]B. Güngördü, “Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.65206/pajes.1919348.
ISNAD
Güngördü, Barış. “Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (01 Haziran 2026). https://doi.org/10.65206/pajes.1919348.
JAMA
1.Güngördü B. Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026. doi:10.65206/pajes.1919348.
MLA
Güngördü, Barış. “Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, Haziran 2026, doi:10.65206/pajes.1919348.
Vancouver
1.Barış Güngördü. Numerical investigation of flow control of a circular cylinder using a synthetic jet actuator at the rear stagnation point. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 01 Haziran 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.65206/pajes.1919348