Anaerobic co-digestion of tannery solid waste: Optimum leather fleshing waste loading

Abstract

In this study, loading of optimum leather fleshings was investigated with four identical batch reactors with different fleshings and treatment sludge ratios (0:1, 0.25:1, 0.35:1, 0.50:1) to contribute to the state of art of the biogas production from tannery solid wastes. Results showed that lipids-containing leather fleshings boosted the methane production potential. However, H2S inhibition and volatile fatty acids accumulation were the main concern in the anaerobic digestion of these wastes. The modified Gompertz model was applied to the batch tests data to determine the kinetic constants of anaerobic digestion of tannery solid wastes. It was calculated with the model outputs that the ultimate methane production potential and maximum methane production rate in reactors having mixing ratio of 0.35:1 and 0.5:1 (dry basis) were highly similar. 0.35 was found to be an optimum leather fleshing and treatment sludge ratio with a 54% more methane production potential than that of control reactor in this study.

Keywords

• Anaerobic digestion
• Leather fleshings
• Biogas
• Lipids
• Hydrogen sulfide

Kaynakça

1. [1] Thanikaivelan P, Rao JR, Nair BU, Ramasami T. “Recent trends in leather making: Processes, problems, and pathways”. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 35(1), 37-79, 2005.
2. [2] Çalışma ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. “Sektörel Atık Klavuzları: Deri Sektörü”. Ankara, Türkiye, 2016.
3. [3] Schramm W. “New findings on the generation of waste and emissions, and a modified cleaner production assessment approach - Illustrated by leather production”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 5(4), 291-300, 1997.
4. [4] Sundar VJ, Gnanamani A, Muralidharan C, Chandrababu NK, Mandal AB. “Recovery and utilization of proteinous wastes of leather making: A review”. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 10(2), 151-163, 2011.
5. [5] Agustini CB, Spier F, da Costa M, Gutterres M. “Biogas production for anaerobic co-digestion of tannery solid wastes under presence and absence of the tanning agent”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 130, 51-59, 2018.
6. [6] Sri Bala Kameswari K, Kalyanaraman C, Porselvam S, Thanasekaran K. “Optimization of inoculum to substrate ratio for bio-energy generation in co-digestion of tannery solid wastes”. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 14(2), 241-250, 2012.
7. [7] Dhayalan K, Fathima NN, Gnanamani A, Rao JR, Nair BU, Ramasami T. “Biodegradability of leathers through anaerobic pathway”. Waste Management, 27(6), 760-767, 2007.
8. [8] Šánek L, Pecha J, Kolomazník K, Bařinová M. “Biodiesel production from tannery fleshings: Feedstock pretreatment and process modeling”. Fuel, 148, 16-24, 2015.

9. [9] Çolak S, Zengin G, Özgünay H, Sari Ö, Sarikahya H, Yüceer L. “Utilization of leather industry pre-fleshings in biodiesel production”. Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, 100(4), 137-141, 2005.
10. [10] Polizzi C, Alatriste-Mondragón F, Munz G. “The role of organic load and ammonia inhibition in anaerobic digestion of tannery fleshing”. Water Resources and Industry, 19, 25-34, 2018.
11. [11] Berardino S Di, Martinho A. “Co-digestion of tanning residues and sludge”. 12th IWA Sludge Conference-Sustainable Management of Water & Wastewater Sludge, Harbin, China, 8-10 August 2009.
12. [12] Ravindranath E, Gopalakrishnan AN. “Enhancement of biomethanization by pretreatment of limed fleshings from tanneries”. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 69(9), 711-716, 2010.
13. [13] Ramyar R, Zarghami E, Bryant M. “Spatio-temporal planning of urban neighborhoods in the context of global climate change: Lessons for urban form design in Tehran, Iran”. Sustainable Cities and Society, 51, 101554, 2019.
14. [14] Priebe GPS, Kipper E, Gusmão AL, Marcilio NR, Gutterres M. “Anaerobic digestion of chrome-tanned leather waste for biogas production”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 129, 410-416, 2016.
15. [15] Akyol Ç, Demirel B, Onay TT. “Recovery of methane from tannery sludge: the effect of inoculum to substrate ratio and solids content”. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 17(4), 808-815, 2015.
16. [16] Thangamani A, Rajakumar S, Ramanujam RA. “Anaerobic co-digestion of hazardous tannery solid waste and primary sludge: Biodegradation kinetics and metabolite analysis”. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 12(5), 517-524, 2010.
17. [17] American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. “Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater”. Washington, DC, USA, 2012.
18. [18] Bayrakdar A, Sürmeli RÖ, Çalli B. “Dry anaerobic digestion of chicken manure coupled with membrane separation of ammonia”. Bioresource Technology, 244, 816-823, 2017.
19. [19] Cord-Ruwisch R. “A quick method for the determination of dissolved and precipitated sulfides in cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria”. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 4(1), 33-36, 1985.
20. [20] Reddy KS, Aravindhan S, Mallick TK. “Investigation of performance and emission characteristics of a biogas fuelled electric generator integrated with solar concentrated photovoltaic system”. Renewable Energy, 92, 233-243, 2016.
21. [21] Parkin GF, Lynch NA, Kuo WC, Vankeuren EL, Bhattacharya SK. “Interaction between sulfate reducers and methanogens fed acetate and propionate”. Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 62(6), 780-788, 1990.
22. [22] Sürmeli RÖ, Bayrakdar A, Molaey R, Çalli B. “Synergistic effect of sulfide and ammonia on anaerobic digestion of chicken manure”. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 10(3), 609-615, 2019.
23. [23] Angelidaki I, Ahring BK. “Effects of free long-chain fatty acids on thermophilic anaerobic digestion”. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 37, 808-812, 1992.
24. [24] Cirne DG, Paloumet X, Björnsson L, Alves MM, Mattiasson B. “Anaerobic digestion of lipid-rich waste-Effects of lipid concentration”. Renewable Energy, 32(6), 965-975, 2007.
25. [25] Siegert I, Banks C. “The effect of volatile fatty acid additions on the anaerobic digestion of cellulose and glucose in batch reactors”. Process Biochemistry, 40(11), 3412-3418, 2005.
26. [26] Alves MM, Pereira MA, Sousa DZ, et al. “Waste lipids to energy: how to optimize methane production from long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)”. Microbial biotechnology, 2(5), 538-50, 2009.
27. [27] Christ O, Wilderer PA, Angerhöfer R, Faulstich M. “Mathematical modeling of the hydrolysis of anaerobic processes”. Water Science and Technology, 41(3), 61-65, 2000.
28. [28] 28. Basak SR, Rouf MA, Hossain MD, Islam MS, Rabeya T. “Anaerobic digestion of tannery solid waste by mixing with different substrates”. Bangladesh journal of science and industrial research, 49(2), 119-124, 2014.