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Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 95 - 104, 01.01.2010

Öz

Gıdaların üretiminde tüketici sağlığını destekleyici ve immün sistemi uyaran etkilere sahip mikroorganizmaların kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Bu mikroorganizmaların önemli bir grubunu teşkil eden probiyotiklerin gastrointestinal sistem hastalıklarının engellenmesi ve tedavisinde ve normal mikrofloranın oluşumunda önemli bir rol oynadığı klinik denemelerle belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan probiyotiklerin, suştan suşa farklılık gösteren gıda koruyucu etkileri ve değişik hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanım potansiyelleri üzerinde çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Özellikle çocuklarda görülen akut diyare ve antibiyotik kullanımına bağlı diyarenin tedavisinde etkin kullanım potansiyeli taşıyan probiyotik preparatları geliştirilmiştir. Bu derleme makalesinde probiyotik suşların seçiminde kullanılan karakteristikler, kullanım olanakları ve tedavi edici potansiyelleri, güncel bilgiler taranarak verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous, 2001. Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria 2001. FAO/WHO, 34 p., Argentina.
  • Armuzzi, A., Cremonini, F. and Bartolozzi, F. 2001. The effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus GG on antibioticassociated gastrointestinal side-effects during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (15), 163-167.
  • Ayebo, A.D., Angelo, I.A. and Shahani, K.M. 1980. Effect of ingesting Lactobacillus acidophilus milk upon fecal flora and enzyme activity in humans. Milch Wissenschaft. (35), 730-733.
  • Billoo, A.G., Memon, M.A., Khaskheli, S.A., Murtaza, G., Iqbal, K., Shekhani, M.S. and Siddiqi, A.Q. 2006. Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea. World Journal of Gastroenterology. (12), 4557-4560.
  • Boot, H.J., Kolen, C.P.A.M. and Pouwels, P.H. 1996b Interchange of the active and silent S-protein genes of Lactobacillus acidophilus by inversion of the choromosomal slp segment. Mol. Microbiol. (21), 799-809.
  • Boot, H.J., Kolen, C.P.A.M., Andreadaki, F.J. and Pouwels, P. H. 1996a. The Lactobacillus acidophilus gene expression site comprises two consensus promoter squence one of which directs transcription of stable mRNA. J. Bacteriol. 178: 5388-5394.
  • Brady, L.J., Gallaher, D.D. and Busta, F.F. 2000. The role of probiotic cultures in the prevention of colon cancer. Journal of Nutrition. (130), 10-414.
  • Cadieux, P., Burton, J., Kang, C.Y., Gardiner, G., Braunstein, I., Bruce, A.W. and Reid, G. 2002. Lactobacillus strains and vaginal ecology. J. Am. Med. Assoc. (287), 1940-1941.
  • Canducci, F., Armuzzi, A. and Cremonini, F. 2000. A lyophilized and inactivated culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus increases Helicobacter pylori eradicatio rates. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 14: 1625.
  • Cats, A., Kuipers, E.J., Bosschaert, M.A., Pot, R.G., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.M. and Kusters, J.G. 2003. Effect of frequent consumption of a Lactobacillus casei containning milk drink in Helicobacter pylori colonized subjects. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (17), 429-435.
  • Ciarlet, M. and Estes, M.K. 2001. Interactions between rotavirus and gastrointestinal cells. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (4), 435-441.
  • Cremonini, F., Di Caro, S. and Covino, M. 2002. Effect of different probiotic preparations on anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy-related side effects: a parallel group, triple blind, placebo-contrplled study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (97), 2744.
  • De Boever, P., Wouters, R., Verschaeve, L., Berckmans, P., Schoeters, G. and Verstraete, W. 2000. Protective effect of the bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus reuteri against bile salt cytotoxicity. App. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (53), 709-714.
  • Delia, P., Sansotta, G. and Donato, V. 2002. Prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea with the use of VSL 3, a new high-ptency probiotic preparation. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (97), 2150.
  • Dunne, C. 2001. Adaptation of bacteria to the intestinal niche: probiotics and gut disorder. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. (7), 136-145.
  • Ewaschuk, J. B. and Dieleman, L. A. 2006. Probiotics and prebiotics in choronic inflammatory bowel diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology. (12), 5941-5950.
  • Floch, M.H., Binder, H.J., Filburn, B. and Gershengoren, W. 1972. The effect of bile acids on intestinal microflora. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (25), 1418-1426.
  • Freitas, M., Tavan, E., Thoreux, K., Cayuela, C., Sapin, C. and Trugnan, G. 2003. Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 and Bacterioides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 inhibit rotavirus infection by modulating apical glycosylation pattern of cultured human intestinal HT29-MTX cells. Gastroenterol 124 (Suppl 1): A 475-476.
  • Gibson, G.R. 1998. Dietary modulation of the human gut microflora using probiotics. British Journal of Nutrition. 80: S209-S212.
  • Gionchetti, P., Amandi, C., Rizzello, F., Venturi, A., Poggioli, G. and Campieri, M. 2003. Probiotics for the treatment of postoperative complications folowing intestinal surgery. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. (17), 821-831.
  • Granato, D., Perotti, F., Masserey, L. and Rouvet, M. 1999. The genome sequence of the probiotic intestinal bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (65), 1071-1077.
  • Griffin, I.J., Davila, P.M. and Abrams, S.A. 2002. Nondigestible oligosaccharides and calcium absorption in girls with adequate calcium intakes. Brit. J. Nutr. 87 (Suppl. (2), 187-191.
  • Guandalini, S., Pensabene, L., Zikri, M. A., Dias, J. A., Casali, L. G., Hoekstra, H., Kolacek, S., Massar, K., Meceticturk, D., Papadopoulou, a., de Sousa, J. S., Sandhu, B., Szajewska, H. and Weizman, Z. 2000. Lactobacillus GG administered in oral rehyration solution to children with acute diarrhoes: a multicnter European trial. Gastroenterol Nutr. (30), 54-61.
  • Guarner, F. and Schaafsma, G. J. 1998. Probiotics. Int. J. Food Microbiol. (39), 237-238.
  • Halpern, G.M., Prindiville, T., Blankenburg, M., Hsia, T. and Gerhwin, M.E. 1996. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Lacteol Fort: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (91), 1579-1585.
  • Heyman, M. and Menard, S. 2002. Probiotic microorganisms how they affect intestinal patophysiology. Cell Mol. Life Sci. (59), 1151.
  • Hill, M.J. and Draser, B.S. 1968. Degradation of bile salts by human intestinal bacteria. Gut (9), 22-27.
  • Hoffman, A.F., Molino, G., Milanese, M. and Belforte, G. 1983. Description and stimulation of a physiological pharmokinetic model for the metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in man. J. Clin. Invest. (71), 1003-1022.
  • Hylemon, P.B. and Glass, T.L. 1983. Biotransformation of bile acids and cholesterol by the intestinal microflora. In: Hentes D. J. (Ed) Human Intestinal Miceoflora in Health and Disease pp. 189-213. Academic Press, New York.
  • Ishikawa, H., Akedo, I., Umesaki, Y., Tanaka, R., Imaoka, A. and Otani, T. 2003. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bifidobacterial fermented milk on ulcerative colitis. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. (22), 56-63.
  • Kabir, A. M., Aiba, Y. and Takagi, A. 1997. Prevention of H. pylori infection by lactobacilli in a gonotobiotic murine model. Gut (41), 49-55.
  • Kim, H. S., Park, H., Cho, I. Y., Paik, H. D. and Park, E. 2006. Dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus polyfermenticus, Bispan strain, modulates natıral killer cell and Tcell subset populations and immunoglobulin g levels in human subjects. Journal of Medicinal Food (9), 321-327.
  • Kollaritsch, H. Holst, H., Grobara, P. and Wiedermann, G. 1993. Prevention of traveler’s diarrhea with Saccharomyces boulardii. Results of a placebo controlled double-blind study. Fortschr. Med. (111), 152-162.
  • Kuisma, J., Mentula, S., Jarvinen, H., Kahri, A., Saxelin, M. and Farkkila, M. 2003. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on ieal pouch inflammation and microbial flora. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (17), 509-515.
  • Laurens-Hattinh, A. and Viljoen, B.C. 2001. Yogurt as probiotic carrier food. Int. Dairy J. (11), 1-17.
  • Lee, Y.K. and Salminen, S. 1995. The coming age of preobiotics. Trends Food Sci. Technol. (6), 241-245.
  • Lewis, R. and Gorbach, S. 1972. Modification of bile acids by intestinal bacteria. Arch. Intern. Med. (130), 545-549.
  • Malfertheiner, P., Megraud, F. and O’Morain, C. 2002. Current concepts in management of Helicobacter pylori infection the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (16), 167-172.
  • Maragkoudakis, P.A., Zoumpopoulou, G., Miaris, C. Kalantzopoulos, G., Pot, B. and Tsakalidou, E. 2006. Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus strains isolated from dairy products. Int. Dairy J. (16), 189-199.
  • Mertz, H.R. 2003. Irritable bowel syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. (349), 2136-2146.
  • Mimura, T., Rizzello, F. and Helwig, U. 2004. Once daily high dose probiotic therapy (VSL 3) for maintaining remission in recurrent or refractory pouchitis. Gut (53), 108-114.
  • Noble, S., Rawlinson, F. and Byrne, A. 2002. Acquired Lactose Intolerance: A Seldom Considered Cause of Diarrhea in the Palliative Care Setting. J. Pain Sympt. Manag. (23), 449-508.
  • Oberhelman, R.A., Gilman, R.H. and Sheen, P. 1999. A placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus GG to prevent diarrhea in under nourished Peruvian children. J. Pediatr. (134), 15-20.
  • Oksanen, P.J., Salminen, S. and Saxelin, M. 1990. Prevention of travellers diarrhea by Lactobacillus GG. Ann. Med. (22), 53-60.
  • Ouwehand, A.C., Kirjavainen, P.V., Shortt, C. and Salminen, S. 1999. Probiotics: mechanisms and established effects. Int. Dairy J. (9), 43-52.
  • Rafter, J. 2002. Lactic acit bacteria and cancer: mechanistic perpective. Brit. J. Nutr 88 (Suppl. 1): 89.
  • Rastall, R., Gibson, G.R., Gill, H.S., Guarner, F., Klaenhammer, T.R., Pot, B., Reid, G., Rowland, I.R. and Sanders, M.E. 2005. Modulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to enchence human health: An overview of enabling science and potential applications. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. (52), 145-152.
  • Rolfe, R.D. 2000. The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health. J. Nutr., (Supplement). (130), 396-402.
  • Rosenfeldt, V., Michaelsen, K.F. and Jakobsen, M. 2002. Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains in young children hospitalized with acute diarrhea. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (21), 411.
  • Ross, S., Aleljung, P., Robert, N., Lee, B., Wadstrom, T., Lindberg, M. and Jonsson, H. 1996. A collagen binding protein from Lactobacillus reuteri is part of an ABC transporter system. FEMS Microbiol. Letts. (144), 33-38.
  • Salminen, S. Deighton, M.A., Benno, Y. and Gorbach, S.L. 1998. Lactic acid bacteria in health and disease. In:
  • Salminen S., von Wright, A. ads. Lactic acid bacteria: microbiology and functional aspects. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. pp. 211-254.
  • Salminen, S., Gibson, G.R., McCartney, A.L. and Isolauri, E. 2004. Influence of mode of delivery on gut microbiota composition in seven year old children. Gut (53), 1388-1389.
  • Sanders, M.E. and Veld, J.H. 1999. Bringing a probioticcontaining functional food to the market: microbiological, product, regulatory and labelling issues. Antonie van Leeenhoek. (76), 293-315.
  • Sheu, B.S., Wu, J.J. and Lo, C.Y. 2002. Impact of supplement with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium containning yogurt on triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (16), 1669-1675.
  • Shimada, K., Bricknell, K.S. and Finegold, S.M. 1969. Deconjugation of bile acids by intestinal bacteria: a review of literature and additional studies. J. Infect. Dis. (119), 73-81.
  • Sullivan, A. and Nord, C.E. 2005. Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases. J. of Int. Medicine (257), 78-92.
  • Sullivan, A. and Nord, C.E. 2005. Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases. J. of Int. Medicine (257), 78-92.
  • Szajewska, H., Kotowska, M., Mrukowicz, J.Z., Armanska, M. and Mikolajczyk, W. 2001. Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in prevention of nosocomial diarrhea in infantis. J. Pediatr. (138), 361-372.
  • Tahri, K., Grill, J.P. and Schneider, F. 1996. Bifidobacteria strain behavior toward cholesterol: Coprecipitation with salts and assimilation. Curr. Microbiol. (33), 187-193.
  • Turner, M.S., Timms, P., Hafner, L.M. and Giffard, P.M. 1997 Identification and characterization of a basic cell-surface located protein from Lactobacillus fermentum BR11. J. Bacteriol. (197), 3310-3316.
  • Vaughan, E.E. and Mollet, B. 1999. Probiotics in the new millennium. Nahrung (43), 148-153.
  • Wiesenfeld, H.C., Hillier, S.L., Krohn, M.A., Landers, D.V. and Swet, R.L. 2003. Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorroeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. (36), 663-668.
  • Zubillaga, M., Weill, R., Postaire, E., Goldman, C., Caro, R. and Boccio, J. 2001. Effects of probiotics and functional foods and their use in different diseases. Nutr. Res. (21), 569-578.

Probiotics and Their Use

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 95 - 104, 01.01.2010

Öz

There is increasing demand to use the microorganisms, supporting consumer health and stimulating immune system, in food production. The role of probiotics which are one of the most important group of this microorganisms on the preventation of gastrointestinal diseases and treatment and development of normal gastrointestinal flora were determinated by clinical trials. On the other hand, studies on the strain-dependent food preservation effects and the potentials for treatment of different diseases of probiotics are ongoing. Probiotic preparats that have effective potential especially for the treatment acute diarrhea in children and antibiotic associated diarrhea have been developed. In this review, newsworthy information on the criteria for probiotic strain selection, curing potentials and their application possibilities were presented.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous, 2001. Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria 2001. FAO/WHO, 34 p., Argentina.
  • Armuzzi, A., Cremonini, F. and Bartolozzi, F. 2001. The effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus GG on antibioticassociated gastrointestinal side-effects during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (15), 163-167.
  • Ayebo, A.D., Angelo, I.A. and Shahani, K.M. 1980. Effect of ingesting Lactobacillus acidophilus milk upon fecal flora and enzyme activity in humans. Milch Wissenschaft. (35), 730-733.
  • Billoo, A.G., Memon, M.A., Khaskheli, S.A., Murtaza, G., Iqbal, K., Shekhani, M.S. and Siddiqi, A.Q. 2006. Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea. World Journal of Gastroenterology. (12), 4557-4560.
  • Boot, H.J., Kolen, C.P.A.M. and Pouwels, P.H. 1996b Interchange of the active and silent S-protein genes of Lactobacillus acidophilus by inversion of the choromosomal slp segment. Mol. Microbiol. (21), 799-809.
  • Boot, H.J., Kolen, C.P.A.M., Andreadaki, F.J. and Pouwels, P. H. 1996a. The Lactobacillus acidophilus gene expression site comprises two consensus promoter squence one of which directs transcription of stable mRNA. J. Bacteriol. 178: 5388-5394.
  • Brady, L.J., Gallaher, D.D. and Busta, F.F. 2000. The role of probiotic cultures in the prevention of colon cancer. Journal of Nutrition. (130), 10-414.
  • Cadieux, P., Burton, J., Kang, C.Y., Gardiner, G., Braunstein, I., Bruce, A.W. and Reid, G. 2002. Lactobacillus strains and vaginal ecology. J. Am. Med. Assoc. (287), 1940-1941.
  • Canducci, F., Armuzzi, A. and Cremonini, F. 2000. A lyophilized and inactivated culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus increases Helicobacter pylori eradicatio rates. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 14: 1625.
  • Cats, A., Kuipers, E.J., Bosschaert, M.A., Pot, R.G., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.M. and Kusters, J.G. 2003. Effect of frequent consumption of a Lactobacillus casei containning milk drink in Helicobacter pylori colonized subjects. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (17), 429-435.
  • Ciarlet, M. and Estes, M.K. 2001. Interactions between rotavirus and gastrointestinal cells. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (4), 435-441.
  • Cremonini, F., Di Caro, S. and Covino, M. 2002. Effect of different probiotic preparations on anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy-related side effects: a parallel group, triple blind, placebo-contrplled study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (97), 2744.
  • De Boever, P., Wouters, R., Verschaeve, L., Berckmans, P., Schoeters, G. and Verstraete, W. 2000. Protective effect of the bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus reuteri against bile salt cytotoxicity. App. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (53), 709-714.
  • Delia, P., Sansotta, G. and Donato, V. 2002. Prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea with the use of VSL 3, a new high-ptency probiotic preparation. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (97), 2150.
  • Dunne, C. 2001. Adaptation of bacteria to the intestinal niche: probiotics and gut disorder. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. (7), 136-145.
  • Ewaschuk, J. B. and Dieleman, L. A. 2006. Probiotics and prebiotics in choronic inflammatory bowel diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology. (12), 5941-5950.
  • Floch, M.H., Binder, H.J., Filburn, B. and Gershengoren, W. 1972. The effect of bile acids on intestinal microflora. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (25), 1418-1426.
  • Freitas, M., Tavan, E., Thoreux, K., Cayuela, C., Sapin, C. and Trugnan, G. 2003. Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 and Bacterioides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 inhibit rotavirus infection by modulating apical glycosylation pattern of cultured human intestinal HT29-MTX cells. Gastroenterol 124 (Suppl 1): A 475-476.
  • Gibson, G.R. 1998. Dietary modulation of the human gut microflora using probiotics. British Journal of Nutrition. 80: S209-S212.
  • Gionchetti, P., Amandi, C., Rizzello, F., Venturi, A., Poggioli, G. and Campieri, M. 2003. Probiotics for the treatment of postoperative complications folowing intestinal surgery. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. (17), 821-831.
  • Granato, D., Perotti, F., Masserey, L. and Rouvet, M. 1999. The genome sequence of the probiotic intestinal bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (65), 1071-1077.
  • Griffin, I.J., Davila, P.M. and Abrams, S.A. 2002. Nondigestible oligosaccharides and calcium absorption in girls with adequate calcium intakes. Brit. J. Nutr. 87 (Suppl. (2), 187-191.
  • Guandalini, S., Pensabene, L., Zikri, M. A., Dias, J. A., Casali, L. G., Hoekstra, H., Kolacek, S., Massar, K., Meceticturk, D., Papadopoulou, a., de Sousa, J. S., Sandhu, B., Szajewska, H. and Weizman, Z. 2000. Lactobacillus GG administered in oral rehyration solution to children with acute diarrhoes: a multicnter European trial. Gastroenterol Nutr. (30), 54-61.
  • Guarner, F. and Schaafsma, G. J. 1998. Probiotics. Int. J. Food Microbiol. (39), 237-238.
  • Halpern, G.M., Prindiville, T., Blankenburg, M., Hsia, T. and Gerhwin, M.E. 1996. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Lacteol Fort: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (91), 1579-1585.
  • Heyman, M. and Menard, S. 2002. Probiotic microorganisms how they affect intestinal patophysiology. Cell Mol. Life Sci. (59), 1151.
  • Hill, M.J. and Draser, B.S. 1968. Degradation of bile salts by human intestinal bacteria. Gut (9), 22-27.
  • Hoffman, A.F., Molino, G., Milanese, M. and Belforte, G. 1983. Description and stimulation of a physiological pharmokinetic model for the metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in man. J. Clin. Invest. (71), 1003-1022.
  • Hylemon, P.B. and Glass, T.L. 1983. Biotransformation of bile acids and cholesterol by the intestinal microflora. In: Hentes D. J. (Ed) Human Intestinal Miceoflora in Health and Disease pp. 189-213. Academic Press, New York.
  • Ishikawa, H., Akedo, I., Umesaki, Y., Tanaka, R., Imaoka, A. and Otani, T. 2003. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bifidobacterial fermented milk on ulcerative colitis. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. (22), 56-63.
  • Kabir, A. M., Aiba, Y. and Takagi, A. 1997. Prevention of H. pylori infection by lactobacilli in a gonotobiotic murine model. Gut (41), 49-55.
  • Kim, H. S., Park, H., Cho, I. Y., Paik, H. D. and Park, E. 2006. Dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus polyfermenticus, Bispan strain, modulates natıral killer cell and Tcell subset populations and immunoglobulin g levels in human subjects. Journal of Medicinal Food (9), 321-327.
  • Kollaritsch, H. Holst, H., Grobara, P. and Wiedermann, G. 1993. Prevention of traveler’s diarrhea with Saccharomyces boulardii. Results of a placebo controlled double-blind study. Fortschr. Med. (111), 152-162.
  • Kuisma, J., Mentula, S., Jarvinen, H., Kahri, A., Saxelin, M. and Farkkila, M. 2003. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on ieal pouch inflammation and microbial flora. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (17), 509-515.
  • Laurens-Hattinh, A. and Viljoen, B.C. 2001. Yogurt as probiotic carrier food. Int. Dairy J. (11), 1-17.
  • Lee, Y.K. and Salminen, S. 1995. The coming age of preobiotics. Trends Food Sci. Technol. (6), 241-245.
  • Lewis, R. and Gorbach, S. 1972. Modification of bile acids by intestinal bacteria. Arch. Intern. Med. (130), 545-549.
  • Malfertheiner, P., Megraud, F. and O’Morain, C. 2002. Current concepts in management of Helicobacter pylori infection the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (16), 167-172.
  • Maragkoudakis, P.A., Zoumpopoulou, G., Miaris, C. Kalantzopoulos, G., Pot, B. and Tsakalidou, E. 2006. Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus strains isolated from dairy products. Int. Dairy J. (16), 189-199.
  • Mertz, H.R. 2003. Irritable bowel syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. (349), 2136-2146.
  • Mimura, T., Rizzello, F. and Helwig, U. 2004. Once daily high dose probiotic therapy (VSL 3) for maintaining remission in recurrent or refractory pouchitis. Gut (53), 108-114.
  • Noble, S., Rawlinson, F. and Byrne, A. 2002. Acquired Lactose Intolerance: A Seldom Considered Cause of Diarrhea in the Palliative Care Setting. J. Pain Sympt. Manag. (23), 449-508.
  • Oberhelman, R.A., Gilman, R.H. and Sheen, P. 1999. A placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus GG to prevent diarrhea in under nourished Peruvian children. J. Pediatr. (134), 15-20.
  • Oksanen, P.J., Salminen, S. and Saxelin, M. 1990. Prevention of travellers diarrhea by Lactobacillus GG. Ann. Med. (22), 53-60.
  • Ouwehand, A.C., Kirjavainen, P.V., Shortt, C. and Salminen, S. 1999. Probiotics: mechanisms and established effects. Int. Dairy J. (9), 43-52.
  • Rafter, J. 2002. Lactic acit bacteria and cancer: mechanistic perpective. Brit. J. Nutr 88 (Suppl. 1): 89.
  • Rastall, R., Gibson, G.R., Gill, H.S., Guarner, F., Klaenhammer, T.R., Pot, B., Reid, G., Rowland, I.R. and Sanders, M.E. 2005. Modulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to enchence human health: An overview of enabling science and potential applications. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. (52), 145-152.
  • Rolfe, R.D. 2000. The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health. J. Nutr., (Supplement). (130), 396-402.
  • Rosenfeldt, V., Michaelsen, K.F. and Jakobsen, M. 2002. Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains in young children hospitalized with acute diarrhea. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (21), 411.
  • Ross, S., Aleljung, P., Robert, N., Lee, B., Wadstrom, T., Lindberg, M. and Jonsson, H. 1996. A collagen binding protein from Lactobacillus reuteri is part of an ABC transporter system. FEMS Microbiol. Letts. (144), 33-38.
  • Salminen, S. Deighton, M.A., Benno, Y. and Gorbach, S.L. 1998. Lactic acid bacteria in health and disease. In:
  • Salminen S., von Wright, A. ads. Lactic acid bacteria: microbiology and functional aspects. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. pp. 211-254.
  • Salminen, S., Gibson, G.R., McCartney, A.L. and Isolauri, E. 2004. Influence of mode of delivery on gut microbiota composition in seven year old children. Gut (53), 1388-1389.
  • Sanders, M.E. and Veld, J.H. 1999. Bringing a probioticcontaining functional food to the market: microbiological, product, regulatory and labelling issues. Antonie van Leeenhoek. (76), 293-315.
  • Sheu, B.S., Wu, J.J. and Lo, C.Y. 2002. Impact of supplement with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium containning yogurt on triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. (16), 1669-1675.
  • Shimada, K., Bricknell, K.S. and Finegold, S.M. 1969. Deconjugation of bile acids by intestinal bacteria: a review of literature and additional studies. J. Infect. Dis. (119), 73-81.
  • Sullivan, A. and Nord, C.E. 2005. Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases. J. of Int. Medicine (257), 78-92.
  • Sullivan, A. and Nord, C.E. 2005. Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases. J. of Int. Medicine (257), 78-92.
  • Szajewska, H., Kotowska, M., Mrukowicz, J.Z., Armanska, M. and Mikolajczyk, W. 2001. Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in prevention of nosocomial diarrhea in infantis. J. Pediatr. (138), 361-372.
  • Tahri, K., Grill, J.P. and Schneider, F. 1996. Bifidobacteria strain behavior toward cholesterol: Coprecipitation with salts and assimilation. Curr. Microbiol. (33), 187-193.
  • Turner, M.S., Timms, P., Hafner, L.M. and Giffard, P.M. 1997 Identification and characterization of a basic cell-surface located protein from Lactobacillus fermentum BR11. J. Bacteriol. (197), 3310-3316.
  • Vaughan, E.E. and Mollet, B. 1999. Probiotics in the new millennium. Nahrung (43), 148-153.
  • Wiesenfeld, H.C., Hillier, S.L., Krohn, M.A., Landers, D.V. and Swet, R.L. 2003. Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorroeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. (36), 663-668.
  • Zubillaga, M., Weill, R., Postaire, E., Goldman, C., Caro, R. and Boccio, J. 2001. Effects of probiotics and functional foods and their use in different diseases. Nutr. Res. (21), 569-578.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Başar Uymaz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2010 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Uymaz, B. . (2010). Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1), 95-104.
AMA Uymaz B. Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. Ocak 2010;16(1):95-104.
Chicago Uymaz, Başar. “Probiyotikler Ve Kullanım Alanları”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 16, sy. 1 (Ocak 2010): 95-104.
EndNote Uymaz B (01 Ocak 2010) Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 16 1 95–104.
IEEE B. . Uymaz, “Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy. 1, ss. 95–104, 2010.
ISNAD Uymaz, Başar. “Probiyotikler Ve Kullanım Alanları”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 16/1 (Ocak 2010), 95-104.
JAMA Uymaz B. Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010;16:95–104.
MLA Uymaz, Başar. “Probiyotikler Ve Kullanım Alanları”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy. 1, 2010, ss. 95-104.
Vancouver Uymaz B. Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010;16(1):95-104.





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