Herpes zoster farkındalığı: bir pilot merkez analizi

Öz

Amaç: Herpes zoster (HZ) veya zona, varisella-zoster virüsünün (VZV) reaktivasyonundan kaynaklanır ve tipik olarak birincil VZV enfeksiyonundan (suçiçeği) yıllar sonra ortaya çıkar. Çalışma, gelecekteki halk sağlığı stratejilerini oluşturmak ve aşılama konusunda nosyon kazandırmak amacıyla İzmir, Türkiye'deki yetişkinler arasında HZ ve aşısı hakkındaki farkındalığı değerlendirmek üzerine yürütülmüştür. Gereç ve yöntem: Nisan 2024'te İzmir, Türkiye'de 18-69 yaş arası yetişkinler arasında, kentsel ve banliyö topluluklarında rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak bir anket yapılmıştır. Sağlık çalışanları tarafından halka açık olarak uygulanan anket, demografik özellikleri belirlemek ve HZ ve aşısı hakkındaki bilgileri ölçmek için dikotomik sorulardan oluşmuştur. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 42,28±15,83 yıl olan toplam 71 katılımcı çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Cinsiyet dağılımı neredeyse eşitti (%50,3 erkek, %49,7 kadın). Genel olarak, katılımcıların %59,2'si HZ'den haberdardı, ancak sadece %18,3'ü HZ aşısını biliyordu. Kadınların HZ'den haberdar olma olasılığı erkeklere göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti (OR=2,79, %95 GA:1,02-4,19, p=0,04). Yaş ile hastalık veya aşı farkındalığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Farklı yaş grupları arasında hastalık farkındalığı (χ²=0,58, p=0,75) veya aşı farkındalığı (χ²=0,21, p=0,90) açısından anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma, İzmir, Türkiye'deki yetişkinler arasında HZ hakkında orta düzeyde bir farkındalık olduğunu ancak HZ aşısı konusunda farkındalığın düşük olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Kadınların HZ'den haberdar olma olasılığının daha yüksek olması, hastalık farkındalığında cinsiyet farklılığı olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Halk sağlığı girişimleri, özellikle yaşlı yetişkinler olmak üzere HZ aşısı konusunda farkındalığı artırmaya odaklanmalıdır. Düşük aşı farkındalığının arkasındaki nedenleri araştırmak ve aşılama oranlarını iyileştirmek için stratejiler geliştirmek için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zona
• zona aşısı
• zona farkındalığı

Herpes zoster awareness: a pilot centre analysis

Öz

Purpose: Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), typically occurring years after a primary VZV infection (chickenpox). This study aims to assess the awareness of HZ and its vaccine among adults in Izmir, Türkiye, to inform future public health strategies and improve vaccination rates. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted in April 2024 among adults aged 18-69 years in Izmir, Türkiye, using a random sampling method in urban and suburban communities. The survey, administered by healthcare professionals in public, consisted of dichotomous questions to determine demographic characteristics and measure knowledge about HZ and its vaccine. Results: A total of 71 participants were included, with a mean age of 42.28±15.83 years. The gender distribution was nearly equal (50.3% male, 49.7% female). Overall, 59.2% of respondents were aware of HZ, but only 18.3% knew about the HZ vaccine. Women were significantly more likely to be aware of HZ than men (OR=2.79, 95% CI:1.02-4.19, p=0.04). Age did not significantly correlate with disease or vaccine awareness. There were no significant differences in disease awareness (χ²=0.58, p=0.75) or vaccine awareness (χ²=0.21, p=0.90) between different age groups. Conclusion: The study highlights a moderate level of awareness about HZ but a low awareness of the HZ vaccine among adults in Izmir, Türkiye. Women were more likely to be aware of HZ, suggesting a gender disparity in disease awareness. Public health initiatives should focus on increasing awareness of the HZ vaccine, particularly older adults. Further research is needed to explore the reasons behind low vaccine awareness and develop strategies to improve vaccination rates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Herpes zoster
• shingles vaccine
• herpes zoster awareness

Kaynakça

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