Araştırma Makalesi

Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes

Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1 8 Ocak 2026
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Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes

Öz

Purpose: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and diffusion capacity measurements, particularly DLCO and KCO (DLCO/VA), are essential for evaluating gas exchange impairment in various lung diseases. While DLCO reflects overall diffusion capacity, KCO may better discriminate between different pathophysiological mechanisms, especially in restrictive and obstructive lung disorders. Materials and methods: This retrospective, observational case-control study included 100 patients over 18 years of age followed at our clinic between January 2019 and June 2024 with complete PFT and DLCO data. Patients were divided into four groups: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, n=25), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP, n=25), emphysema-dominant COPD (n=25), and chronic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (KPFA, n=25). Groups were balanced by consecutively including patients after identifying 25 newly diagnosed IPF cases. Results: Mean DLCO values were reduced across all groups (42-51%), with no statistically significant differences (p=0.182). In contrast, KCO values differed significantly among groups (p<0.001), with emphysema patients showing markedly lower KCO compared to IPF and HSP groups, reflecting impaired gas exchange efficiency per unit alveolar volume. TLC values did not differ significantly (p=0.165), while spirometric parameters demonstrated characteristic obstructive patterns in emphysema and relatively preserved values in fibrotic diseases. These findings highlight the importance of assessing KCO alongside DLCO and VA to better distinguish between parenchymal and extraparenchymal restrictive disorders. Conclusion: While DLCO alone cannot reliably differentiate lung disease subtypes, KCO provides a more sensitive measure of underlying pathophysiology. By supporting previously reported and sometimes controversial literature values with real-world patient data, this study contributes meaningful evidence to the clinical interpretation of diffusion parameters. Integrating KCO, DLCO, and VA measurements enhances diagnostic accuracy and understanding of gas exchange abnormalities across distinct lung diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma Helsinki Deklarasyonu’na uygun olarak yürütülmüş olup Pamukkale Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Tarih: 22 Ekim 2024; Karar No: 18).

Kaynakça

  1. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, et al. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(5):948-968. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00035205
  2. Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, et al. Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(8):e70-e88. doi:10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST
  3. Wanger J, Clausen JL, Coates A, et al. Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(3):511-522. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00035005
  4. Macintyre N, Crapo RO, Viegi G, et al. Standardisation of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(4):720-735. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00034905
  5. Hughes JM, Pride NB. Examination of the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DL(CO)) in relation to its KCO and VA components. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(2):132-139. doi:10.1164/rccm.201112-2160CI
  6. Myrberg T, Lindberg A, Eriksson B, et al. Restrictive spirometry versus restrictive lung function using the GLI reference values. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2022;42(3):181-189. doi:10.1111/cpf.12745
  7. Turkish Thoracic Society. Interpretation of Pulmonary Diffusion Capacity: Consensus Report. Ankara: Turkish Thoracic Society; 2022.
  8. Stanojevic S, Graham BL, Cooper BG, et al. Official ERS technical standards: Global Lung Function Initiative reference values for the carbon monoxide transfer factor for Caucasians. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(3):1700010. doi:10.1183/13993003.00010-2017

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Göğüs Hastalıkları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

8 Ocak 2026

Yayımlanma Tarihi

8 Ocak 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

17 Ekim 2025

Kabul Tarihi

26 Kasım 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yiğit, N., Sönmez, G., Şenol, H., & Altınışık Ergur, G. (2026). Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes. Pamukkale Medical Journal, 19(1), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1804028
AMA
1.Yiğit N, Sönmez G, Şenol H, Altınışık Ergur G. Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes. Pam Tıp Derg. 2026;19(1):109-117. doi:10.31362/patd.1804028
Chicago
Yiğit, Nilüfer, Gizem Sönmez, Hande Şenol, ve Göksel Altınışık Ergur. 2026. “Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes”. Pamukkale Medical Journal 19 (1): 109-17. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1804028.
EndNote
Yiğit N, Sönmez G, Şenol H, Altınışık Ergur G (01 Ocak 2026) Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes. Pamukkale Medical Journal 19 1 109–117.
IEEE
[1]N. Yiğit, G. Sönmez, H. Şenol, ve G. Altınışık Ergur, “Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes”, Pam Tıp Derg, c. 19, sy 1, ss. 109–117, Oca. 2026, doi: 10.31362/patd.1804028.
ISNAD
Yiğit, Nilüfer - Sönmez, Gizem - Şenol, Hande - Altınışık Ergur, Göksel. “Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes”. Pamukkale Medical Journal 19/1 (01 Ocak 2026): 109-117. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1804028.
JAMA
1.Yiğit N, Sönmez G, Şenol H, Altınışık Ergur G. Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes. Pam Tıp Derg. 2026;19:109–117.
MLA
Yiğit, Nilüfer, vd. “Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes”. Pamukkale Medical Journal, c. 19, sy 1, Ocak 2026, ss. 109-17, doi:10.31362/patd.1804028.
Vancouver
1.Nilüfer Yiğit, Gizem Sönmez, Hande Şenol, Göksel Altınışık Ergur. Evaluation of Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and DLCO/VA (KCO) Across Different Lung Disease Phenotypes. Pam Tıp Derg. 01 Ocak 2026;19(1):109-17. doi:10.31362/patd.1804028
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