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Uzaktan Eğitimle Uygulanan Oyun Etkinliklerinin Down Sendromlu Çocukların Motor Becerilerine Etkisi

Yıl 2024, , 214 - 235, 15.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1271893

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Down Sendromlu (DS) çocuklara uzaktan eğitim yoluyla uygulanan uyarlanmış oyun etkinlikleri modülünün motor beceriler üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Bu araştırmaya 20 (10 erkek, 10 kız) DS’li çocuk katıldı. Araştırmaya Denizli’de yaşayan 4-7 yaş aralığındaki DS’lu çocuklar katıldı. DS’li çocukların yaş ortalaması 5,25±1,02 yıldır. Araştırmada MEB Oyun Etkinlikler Modülünden uyarlanarak oyun ve egzersizlerden oluşturulan etkinlik programı 2 farklı çalışma grubu oluşturularak, uzaktan eğitim yoluyla 12 hafta süresince haftada 2 gün, 60 dakika süreyle uygulandı. Uyarlanmış egzersiz programından önce ve programdan sonra çocukların ön test ve son test motor beceri ölçümleri Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Yeterlilik Testi Kısa Formu (BOT-2 KF) ile değerlendirildi. Araştırmaya katılan kız ve erkek DS’li çocukların BOT-2 KF tüm alt testleri ve toplam puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Yaşa göre farklılık incelendiğinde BOT-2 KF toplam puanları ve ince motor doğruluk, el becerisi ve kuvvet alt testlerinde 6-7 yaş grubundaki DS’li çocuklar lehine anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Araştırmada DS’li çocukların BOT-2 KF’nin ön test ve son test tüm alt ve toplam puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar uzaktan eğitim yoluyla verilen oyun ve egzersizlerden oluşturulan etkinlik programının DS’li çocukların motor becerilerini geliştirdiğini göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Aksay, E. (2022). Comparison of motor coordination levels of children with down syndrome and normal development-Germany sample-international. Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences-IJSETS, 8(2), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.942641
  • Aksoy, B.A., & Çiftçi Dere H. (2022). Early childhood play (7th Edition), pp.2-3. Pegem Akademi.
  • Anamurluoğlu, İ. (2020). The effect of basic classical ballet training supported by educational games on gross motor skills in 3-5 age group children, [Unpublished master's thesis, Istanbul Gelisim University]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Aslan, Ş. (2015). Hafif zihinsel engelli ergenlerde sporun motor beceriler üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi [Doktora tezi, Edirne Trakya Üniversitesi]. Ulusal tez merkezi.
  • Aslan, S., & Bas Aslan, U. (2016) An Evaluation of fine and gross motor skills in adolescents with down syndromes. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 4(1), 172-178.
  • Aygün, Ö., & Albayrak, D.C. (2004). Comparison of motoric performance of mentally handicapped children before and after exercise. The 10th ICHPER SD European Congress and the TSSA 8th International Sports Science Congress, Antalya. pp, 75-76.
  • Bittles A.H., & Glasson E.J. (2004). Clinical, social, and ethical implications of changing life expectancy in Down syndrome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 46, 282-286. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0012162204000441
  • Bruininks, & Robert, H. (2005). Bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency (BOT2). (2nd ed.), MN: Pearson assessment.
  • Buckley, S.J., & Sacks, B. (2001). An overview of the development of children with down syndrome (5-11 years). Down Syndrome Issues and Information. https://store.down- syndrome.org/products/an-overview-of-the-development-of-children-with-down-syndrome-5-11-years-pdf-ebook
  • Canlı, U., Taşkın, C., & Kurt, C. (2021). Multiple skill movement training program: Body composition and motor performance changes in preschool children. International Bozok Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(1), 156-167.
  • Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126-131.
  • Colombo-Dougovito, A.M., & Block, M.E. (2019). Fundamental motor skill interventions for children and adolescents on the autism spectrum: A literature review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-019-00161-2
  • Connolly, B.H., Morgan, B.S., Russell, F.F., & Fulliton, L.W. (1993). A longitudinal study of children with down syndrome who experienced early ıntervention programming. Physical Therapy, 73(3), 170-179.
  • Connolly, B.H., & Michael, B.T. (1986). Performance of retarded children, with and without down syndrome, on the bruininks oseretsky test of motor proficiency. Physical Therapy, 66, 344- 348.
  • Connolly, B.H., Morgan, S., & Russell, F.F. (1984). Evaluation of children with down syndrome who participated in an early ıntervention program second follow-up study. Physical Therapy, 64(10), 1515-9.
  • Demir, A. & Manolya, A. (2018). Comparison of the effect of active video games and wobble board balance training on dynamic balance in 6-year-old children. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Sciences, 3(4), 109-121.
  • Dupre, C., & Weidman-Evans, E. (2017). Musculoskeletal development in patients with down syndrome. JAAPA. 30(12), 38-40. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000526779.77230.79
  • Eichstaedt, C.B., & Lavay, B.W. (1992). Physical activity for individuals with mental retardation: Infancy through adulthood. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. pp. 146,256.
  • Eliason, C. & Jenkins, L. (2003). Practical Guide to Early Childhood Curriculum, A 10th Edition, pp. 289-294. ISBN 0134057236.
  • Eren, A., Geç, F., & Çalış, D. (2019). A study on visual arts education in children with down syndrome. Journal of Academic Social Research, 97(7), 178-190.
  • Gallahue, D.L., & Ozmun, J.C. (1988). Understanding motor development: ınfants, children, adolescent, adults (4th ed.). WCB/McGraw-Hill.
  • Gupta, S., Rao, B. K., & Kumaran, S. D. (2011). Effect of strength and balance training in children with Down's syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 25(5), 425-432.
  • Haley, S.M., Coster, W.J., & Ludlow, L.H. (1991). Pediatric functional outcome measures. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 2(4), 689-723.
  • Henderson, S.E., Morris, J., & Ray, S. (1981). Performance of down syndrome and other retarded children on the cratty gross motor test. American Journal of Mental Deficity, 85, 416-424.
  • Hurley, K. S., & Burt, T. L. (2015). Development of physical competence through motor skill acquisition for children and youth with disabilities: Parental perceptions. Health Psychology Report, 3(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2015.47623
  • Illouz, T., Biragyn, A., Frenkel-Morgenstern, M. et al. (2021). Specific susceptibility to covıd-19 in adults with down syndrome. Neuromol Med, 23, 561-571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017- 021-08651-5.
  • Imel, G. E., Slavin, L. J., Hartshorne, T. S., & Kanouse, S. K. (2020). Participation in and barriers to recreation participation in CHARGE syndrome. Palaestra, 34(1).
  • Jobling, A. (1994). Physical education for the person with down syndrome; More than playing games. The Down Syndrome Education Trust Down Syndrome Research and Practice, 2(1), 31-35.
  • Jobling, A., & Cuskelly, M. (2006). Young people with down syndrome: A preliminary ınvestigation of health knowledge and associated behaviours. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 31(4), 210-218. Karasar, N. (2012). Scientific research methods (24th edition). Nobel publishing house.
  • Karoğlu, H., & Ünüvar, P. (2017). Developmental characteristics and social skill levels of preschool children. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Education Journal, (43), 231-254.
  • Kılıç, M., Taşkın, E., Aygün, A.D., & Özdiller, Ş. (2003). Retrospective evaluation of 51 cases with down syndrome. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics, 12, 222-229.
  • Le Blanc, D., French, R., & Schultz, B. (1977). Static and dynamic balance skills of trainable children with down syndrome. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 45, 641-642.
  • Lersilp, S., Putthinoi, S., & Panyo, K. (2016). Fine motor activities program to promote fine motor skills in a case study of down's syndrome. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(12), 60-67.
  • Lieberman, L., Haibach-Beach, P., Perreault, M., Brian, A., & Bebriša-Fedotova, L. (2021). Feasibility of a home motor skill ıntervention for children with CHARGE Syndrome: Feasibility of a home motor skill intervention. Research, Advocacy, and Practice for Complex and Chronic Conditions, 40(1), 4-25. https://doi.org/10.14434/rapcc.v40i1.31710
  • Malak, R., Kostiukow, A., Krawczyk-Wasielewska, A., Mojs, E., & Samborski, W. (2015). Delays in motor development in children with down syndrome. Medical science monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 21, 1904.
  • Mayesky, M. (2006). Creative activities for young children (Eighth edition). Thomson Delmar Learning. Mayesky, New York, USA.
  • Mendonca, G. V., Pereira, F. D., & Fernhall, B. (2010). Reduced exercise capacity in persons with Down syndrome: cause, effect, and management. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 6, 601-610. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S10235
  • Mistrett, S., & Bickart, T. (2009). Child's play: The best way to learn. The Middle East Educator, 12(5), 18-22.
  • Nalbant, S. (2011). Investigation of the effect of 14-week physical activity program on motor development and daily living activities of children with Down syndrome. [Doctoral dissertation, Akdeniz University]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Özer, D., Aral, N., Özer, K., & Güvenç, A. (1999). Investigation of physical characteristics of educable mentally handicapped children in comparison with their normally developing peers. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 3, 1-17.
  • Özer, A., Gürkan, A.C., & Ramazanoğlu, O. (2006). The effects of play on child development. Fırat University Journal of Oriental Studies, 4(3), 54-57. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fudad/issue/47088/592221
  • Passarini, J.R. (2001). Motor skill development of children with down syndrome. [Doctoral dissertation]. Boston Universty School of Education. https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/33533 Last Updated: 17/10/2023
  • Ptomey, L. T., Szabo, A. N., Willis, E. A., Greene, J. L., Danon, J. C., Washburn, R. A., Forsha, D. E., & Donnelly, J. E. (2018). Remote exercise for adults with down syndrome. Translational. Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, 3(8), 60-65.
  • Rahman, M.M., Liang, Y.C., Gu, D., Ding, Y. & Akter M. (2019). Understanding levels and motivation of physical activity for health promotion among chinese middle-aged and older adults: A cross-sectional investigation. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9828241
  • Sacks, B., & Buckley, S.J. (2003). Motor Development for ındividuals with down syndrome-An overview. (First published: April), United Kingdom. pp.4-6,14. ISBN:1-903806-17-8
  • Seo, Y.J., & Woo, H. (2010). The identification, implementation, and evaluation of critical user interface design features of computer-assisted instruction programs in mathematics for students with learning disabilities. Computers & Education, 55(1), 363-377.
  • Sevinç, M. (2004). Play in early childhood development and education. Morpa culture publications.
  • Spanò, M., Mercuri, E., Randò, T., Pantò, T., Gagliano, A., Henderson, S., & Guzetta, F. (1999). Motor and perceptual-motor competence in children with Down syndrome: variation in performance with age. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 3(1), 7-14.
  • Stoll C, Alembik Y, Dott B, & Roth M.P. (1998). Study of Down syndrome in 238,942 consecutive births. Ann Genet, 41, 44-51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721875/#:~:text=Background,congenital% 20heart%20disease%20(CHD). Last Updated: 13/10/2023
  • Tekin, Ş.Ş., & Tekin, F. (2021). Activity participation and quality of life with adolescents with down syndrome. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 8(3), 245-253.
  • Temoçin, A.K., Ulucan, H., Ünüvar, T., Soylu, S., & Türkmen, M. (2005). Congenital hypothyroidism in a translocation type down syndrome case. Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty Journal, 6(2), 35-38.
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The Effect of Distance Education Play Activities on the Motor Skills of Children with Down Syndrome

Yıl 2024, , 214 - 235, 15.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1271893

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the effect of an adapted play activities module on the motor skills of children with Down Syndrome (DS) through distance education. The participants were twenty children (10 boys and 10 girls), aged 4-7 years, with DS, and living in Denizli. The average age of children with DS was 5.25±1.02 years. In the study, the activity program consisting of games and exercises were adapted from the MEB Play Activities Module and was applied for 60 minutes, 2 days a week for 12 weeks through distance education by forming 2 different study groups. Before and after the adapted exercise program, the pretest and posttest motor skill measurements of the children were assessed through the Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Competence Test Short Form (BOT-2 SF). There was no significant difference between the mean scores of all subtests and total scores of the BOT-2 SF in boys and girls with DS (p>0.05). However, in terms of age variable, there was a significant difference in favor of children with DS in the 6-7 age group in BOT-2 SF total scores and fine motor accuracy, dexterity and strength subtests (p<0.05). In the study, a significant difference was found between the pre-test and post-test total and sub-test scores of the BOT-2 SF of children with DS (p<0.05). The results of the study showed that the activity program consisting of games and exercises given through distance education improved the motor skills of children with DS.

Kaynakça

  • Aksay, E. (2022). Comparison of motor coordination levels of children with down syndrome and normal development-Germany sample-international. Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences-IJSETS, 8(2), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.942641
  • Aksoy, B.A., & Çiftçi Dere H. (2022). Early childhood play (7th Edition), pp.2-3. Pegem Akademi.
  • Anamurluoğlu, İ. (2020). The effect of basic classical ballet training supported by educational games on gross motor skills in 3-5 age group children, [Unpublished master's thesis, Istanbul Gelisim University]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Aslan, Ş. (2015). Hafif zihinsel engelli ergenlerde sporun motor beceriler üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi [Doktora tezi, Edirne Trakya Üniversitesi]. Ulusal tez merkezi.
  • Aslan, S., & Bas Aslan, U. (2016) An Evaluation of fine and gross motor skills in adolescents with down syndromes. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 4(1), 172-178.
  • Aygün, Ö., & Albayrak, D.C. (2004). Comparison of motoric performance of mentally handicapped children before and after exercise. The 10th ICHPER SD European Congress and the TSSA 8th International Sports Science Congress, Antalya. pp, 75-76.
  • Bittles A.H., & Glasson E.J. (2004). Clinical, social, and ethical implications of changing life expectancy in Down syndrome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 46, 282-286. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0012162204000441
  • Bruininks, & Robert, H. (2005). Bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency (BOT2). (2nd ed.), MN: Pearson assessment.
  • Buckley, S.J., & Sacks, B. (2001). An overview of the development of children with down syndrome (5-11 years). Down Syndrome Issues and Information. https://store.down- syndrome.org/products/an-overview-of-the-development-of-children-with-down-syndrome-5-11-years-pdf-ebook
  • Canlı, U., Taşkın, C., & Kurt, C. (2021). Multiple skill movement training program: Body composition and motor performance changes in preschool children. International Bozok Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(1), 156-167.
  • Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126-131.
  • Colombo-Dougovito, A.M., & Block, M.E. (2019). Fundamental motor skill interventions for children and adolescents on the autism spectrum: A literature review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-019-00161-2
  • Connolly, B.H., Morgan, B.S., Russell, F.F., & Fulliton, L.W. (1993). A longitudinal study of children with down syndrome who experienced early ıntervention programming. Physical Therapy, 73(3), 170-179.
  • Connolly, B.H., & Michael, B.T. (1986). Performance of retarded children, with and without down syndrome, on the bruininks oseretsky test of motor proficiency. Physical Therapy, 66, 344- 348.
  • Connolly, B.H., Morgan, S., & Russell, F.F. (1984). Evaluation of children with down syndrome who participated in an early ıntervention program second follow-up study. Physical Therapy, 64(10), 1515-9.
  • Demir, A. & Manolya, A. (2018). Comparison of the effect of active video games and wobble board balance training on dynamic balance in 6-year-old children. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Sciences, 3(4), 109-121.
  • Dupre, C., & Weidman-Evans, E. (2017). Musculoskeletal development in patients with down syndrome. JAAPA. 30(12), 38-40. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000526779.77230.79
  • Eichstaedt, C.B., & Lavay, B.W. (1992). Physical activity for individuals with mental retardation: Infancy through adulthood. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. pp. 146,256.
  • Eliason, C. & Jenkins, L. (2003). Practical Guide to Early Childhood Curriculum, A 10th Edition, pp. 289-294. ISBN 0134057236.
  • Eren, A., Geç, F., & Çalış, D. (2019). A study on visual arts education in children with down syndrome. Journal of Academic Social Research, 97(7), 178-190.
  • Gallahue, D.L., & Ozmun, J.C. (1988). Understanding motor development: ınfants, children, adolescent, adults (4th ed.). WCB/McGraw-Hill.
  • Gupta, S., Rao, B. K., & Kumaran, S. D. (2011). Effect of strength and balance training in children with Down's syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 25(5), 425-432.
  • Haley, S.M., Coster, W.J., & Ludlow, L.H. (1991). Pediatric functional outcome measures. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 2(4), 689-723.
  • Henderson, S.E., Morris, J., & Ray, S. (1981). Performance of down syndrome and other retarded children on the cratty gross motor test. American Journal of Mental Deficity, 85, 416-424.
  • Hurley, K. S., & Burt, T. L. (2015). Development of physical competence through motor skill acquisition for children and youth with disabilities: Parental perceptions. Health Psychology Report, 3(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2015.47623
  • Illouz, T., Biragyn, A., Frenkel-Morgenstern, M. et al. (2021). Specific susceptibility to covıd-19 in adults with down syndrome. Neuromol Med, 23, 561-571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017- 021-08651-5.
  • Imel, G. E., Slavin, L. J., Hartshorne, T. S., & Kanouse, S. K. (2020). Participation in and barriers to recreation participation in CHARGE syndrome. Palaestra, 34(1).
  • Jobling, A. (1994). Physical education for the person with down syndrome; More than playing games. The Down Syndrome Education Trust Down Syndrome Research and Practice, 2(1), 31-35.
  • Jobling, A., & Cuskelly, M. (2006). Young people with down syndrome: A preliminary ınvestigation of health knowledge and associated behaviours. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 31(4), 210-218. Karasar, N. (2012). Scientific research methods (24th edition). Nobel publishing house.
  • Karoğlu, H., & Ünüvar, P. (2017). Developmental characteristics and social skill levels of preschool children. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Education Journal, (43), 231-254.
  • Kılıç, M., Taşkın, E., Aygün, A.D., & Özdiller, Ş. (2003). Retrospective evaluation of 51 cases with down syndrome. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics, 12, 222-229.
  • Le Blanc, D., French, R., & Schultz, B. (1977). Static and dynamic balance skills of trainable children with down syndrome. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 45, 641-642.
  • Lersilp, S., Putthinoi, S., & Panyo, K. (2016). Fine motor activities program to promote fine motor skills in a case study of down's syndrome. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(12), 60-67.
  • Lieberman, L., Haibach-Beach, P., Perreault, M., Brian, A., & Bebriša-Fedotova, L. (2021). Feasibility of a home motor skill ıntervention for children with CHARGE Syndrome: Feasibility of a home motor skill intervention. Research, Advocacy, and Practice for Complex and Chronic Conditions, 40(1), 4-25. https://doi.org/10.14434/rapcc.v40i1.31710
  • Malak, R., Kostiukow, A., Krawczyk-Wasielewska, A., Mojs, E., & Samborski, W. (2015). Delays in motor development in children with down syndrome. Medical science monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 21, 1904.
  • Mayesky, M. (2006). Creative activities for young children (Eighth edition). Thomson Delmar Learning. Mayesky, New York, USA.
  • Mendonca, G. V., Pereira, F. D., & Fernhall, B. (2010). Reduced exercise capacity in persons with Down syndrome: cause, effect, and management. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 6, 601-610. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S10235
  • Mistrett, S., & Bickart, T. (2009). Child's play: The best way to learn. The Middle East Educator, 12(5), 18-22.
  • Nalbant, S. (2011). Investigation of the effect of 14-week physical activity program on motor development and daily living activities of children with Down syndrome. [Doctoral dissertation, Akdeniz University]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Özer, D., Aral, N., Özer, K., & Güvenç, A. (1999). Investigation of physical characteristics of educable mentally handicapped children in comparison with their normally developing peers. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 3, 1-17.
  • Özer, A., Gürkan, A.C., & Ramazanoğlu, O. (2006). The effects of play on child development. Fırat University Journal of Oriental Studies, 4(3), 54-57. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fudad/issue/47088/592221
  • Passarini, J.R. (2001). Motor skill development of children with down syndrome. [Doctoral dissertation]. Boston Universty School of Education. https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/33533 Last Updated: 17/10/2023
  • Ptomey, L. T., Szabo, A. N., Willis, E. A., Greene, J. L., Danon, J. C., Washburn, R. A., Forsha, D. E., & Donnelly, J. E. (2018). Remote exercise for adults with down syndrome. Translational. Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, 3(8), 60-65.
  • Rahman, M.M., Liang, Y.C., Gu, D., Ding, Y. & Akter M. (2019). Understanding levels and motivation of physical activity for health promotion among chinese middle-aged and older adults: A cross-sectional investigation. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9828241
  • Sacks, B., & Buckley, S.J. (2003). Motor Development for ındividuals with down syndrome-An overview. (First published: April), United Kingdom. pp.4-6,14. ISBN:1-903806-17-8
  • Seo, Y.J., & Woo, H. (2010). The identification, implementation, and evaluation of critical user interface design features of computer-assisted instruction programs in mathematics for students with learning disabilities. Computers & Education, 55(1), 363-377.
  • Sevinç, M. (2004). Play in early childhood development and education. Morpa culture publications.
  • Spanò, M., Mercuri, E., Randò, T., Pantò, T., Gagliano, A., Henderson, S., & Guzetta, F. (1999). Motor and perceptual-motor competence in children with Down syndrome: variation in performance with age. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 3(1), 7-14.
  • Stoll C, Alembik Y, Dott B, & Roth M.P. (1998). Study of Down syndrome in 238,942 consecutive births. Ann Genet, 41, 44-51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721875/#:~:text=Background,congenital% 20heart%20disease%20(CHD). Last Updated: 13/10/2023
  • Tekin, Ş.Ş., & Tekin, F. (2021). Activity participation and quality of life with adolescents with down syndrome. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 8(3), 245-253.
  • Temoçin, A.K., Ulucan, H., Ünüvar, T., Soylu, S., & Türkmen, M. (2005). Congenital hypothyroidism in a translocation type down syndrome case. Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty Journal, 6(2), 35-38.
  • Tüfekçioğlu, E., & Ayça, İ. B. (2008). The effects of perceptual motor development programs on balance and quickness at preschool children aged between 4 and 6. Journal of Human Sciences, 5(2,) 3-10.
  • Ulrich, B.D. (2000). Test of Gross Motor Development Second Edition Examiner's Manual. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed, Inc.
  • Valle, M. S., Cioni, M., Pisasale, M., Pantò, M. R., & Casabona, A. (2013). Timing of muscle response to a sudden leg perturbation: Comparison between adolescents and adults with down syndrome. PLoS One, 8(11), e81053.
  • Veijerman, M.E., Fruth, V.M., Nooedegraaf, V.A., Wouwe, J.P., Broers, C.J.M., & Gemke, R.J. (2008). Prevalence, neonatal characteristic and, frist-year mortality of down syndrome: A national study. The Journal of Pediatrics, 152(1), 15-19.
  • Weise, M.R. (1987). Self-esteem and achievement in children's sport and physical activity. D. Goukd & M.R. Weise (Eds.), Advances In Pediatric Sport Sciences (2, 87-117) içinde. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Whitt-Glover, M. C., O'Neill, K. L., & Stettler, N. (2006). Physical activity patterns in children with and without down syndrome. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 9(2), 158-164.
  • Yana, M. (2021). The effect of sensory integration training on attention and motor skills in children with down syndrome [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pamukkale University]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Yang, Q., Rasmussen, S.A., & Friedman, J. M. (2002). Mortality associated with Down's syndrome in the USA from 1983 to 1997: A population-based study. The Lancet, 359, 1019-25.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Zihinsel Engelli Eğitimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ezgi Hazal Uygur 0000-0002-1132-0582

Şehmus Aslan 0000-0003-4685-2957

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 14 Şubat 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Uygur, E. H., & Aslan, Ş. (2024). Uzaktan Eğitimle Uygulanan Oyun Etkinliklerinin Down Sendromlu Çocukların Motor Becerilerine Etkisi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(61), 214-235. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1271893