The Relationship between Remote Working Model and Organizational Communication Satisfaction: A Study on Teachers
Yıl 2024,
, 161 - 178, 23.09.2024
Sinan Gürcüoğlu
,
Özlem Duğan
,
Barış Koç
Öz
How organizations communicate with their employees plays an important role in the formation of perceptions about the organization. It is known that various factors affect the organizational communication satisfaction of employees. Especially during the Covid-19 pandemic process, there has been an increase in the application of the remote working model in organizations. The advantages and disadvantages of the remote working model which is intensively applied in educational organizations, are frequently discussed for organizations. In this study, the relationship between the remote working model and organizational communication satisfaction is revealed. Within the scope of the study, a questionnaire was applied over the internet to teachers working in public schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education. It was found that there was a weak–medium strength and positive significant relationship between the participants' communication satisfaction levels, and the fact that they could communicate smoothly compared to the normal working order that their ties with the school did not decrease and that the difficulties they faced did not increase. In the study, it was observed that males had higher levels of communication satisfaction than females in various dimensions and scale averages.
Kaynakça
- Akca, M., & Tepe Küçükoğlu, M. (2020). Covid-19 and its effects on working life: working from home. Journal of International Management, Educational and Economics Perspectives, 8(1), 71-81. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jimeep/issue/55110/747985
- Aşkan, T. (2022). Investigation of primary school teachers' attitudes and motivations towards distance education in the pandemic process [Master's thesis, Necmettin Erbakan University].
- Almpanis, T., & Joseph-Richard, P. (2022). Lecturing from home: Exploring academics experiences of remote teaching during a pandemic. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 3, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100133
- Aktay, E., Acar, H., Barut, Y., & İzmir, M. (2023). The problems and solution suggestions of school administrators as instructional leaders in school management during the Covid-19 pandemic process. National Journal of Education, 3(1), 146-157. https://uleder.com/index.php/uleder/article/view/171/82
- Aral, N., & Kadan, G. (2021). Investigation of the problems experienced by preschool teachers during the pandemic process. Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Journal of Institute of Health Sciences, 1(2), 99-114. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ahievransaglik/issue/64371/906874
- Ay, F., & Aksu, T. (2023). Examining teachers job satisfaction and burnout levels during the covid-19 pandemic. E-International Journal of Educational Research, 14(2), 365-383. https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.1246566
- Aydın, B., Çulha, Ş., & Çırak, S. (2022). Evaluation of burnout levels of mathematics teachers in distance education process according to demographic and professional characteristics. Journal of National Education, 51(235), 2581-2604. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.911154
- Ballı, F.E., & Önen, Ö. (2019). Opinions of school principals, teachers and support staff on organizational communication climate in schools. International Journal of Social Research (OPUS), 14(20), 514-550. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.602779
- Bayindir, N. (2021). Motivation factor in online teaching times. Gaziantep University Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(2), 291-303. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/guebd/issue/67489/960254
- Biber, Ö., & Karatepe Gürün, S. (2023). Evaluation of the positive and negative consequences of the remote working model with the Covid-19 pandemic. Istanbul Arel University Institute of Graduate Education Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovation Research, 3(1), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.56723/dyad.1202813
- Bitmiş, G.M., Güney, S., & Demirel, H. (2014). The role of organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the relationship between communication satisfaction and productivity: a multi-mediated model test. Journal of H.Ü. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 32(2), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.17065/huiibf.88663
- Eskiyörük, D. (2015). Organizational communication. Cinius Publications.
- Estrella, F. (2022). Ecuadorian university English teachers' reflections on emergency remote teaching during the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 3, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100141
- Gizir, S., & Köksal, E. K. (2014). Investigation of primary school teachers' communication satisfaction. Journal of Inonu University Faculty of Education, 15(2), 89-108. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/92384
- Gülnar, B. (2009). The relationship between communication satisfaction dimensions and organizational structure: The Case of Selçuk University Academicians. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 5(4), 62-82. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/josc/issue/19018/200668
- Güllüoğlu, Ö. (2012). Organizational communication, communication satisfaction and institutional commitment. Education Publishing House.
- Güzel, F., & Güzel Evecen H. (2022). The effect of school administrators' distributive leadership behaviors on teachers' motivation during the pandemic process. Journal of School Management, 1(1), 19-32. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/saj/issue/73461/1206945
- Kabakçı Günay, E., & Özer Torgalöz, A. (2020). Transformation in remote working and employment in Turkey in the Covid-19 process, 3rd International Congress of Academic Research (ICAR), 404-412.
- Hajar, A., & Manan, S.A. (2021). Emergency remote English language teaching and learning: Voices of primary school students and teachers in Kazakhstan. Review of Education, 10, e3358. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3358
- Hallin, H. (2020). Home-Based Telework Dur, Ng The Covid-19 Pandemic, Master Program In Work Life Science.
- Horspool, A., & Lange, C. (2012). Applying the scholarship of teaching and learning: Student perceptions, behaviours and success online and face-to-face. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 37(1), 73-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2010.496532
- Kalaycı, Ş. (2006). SPSS applied multivariate statistical techniques. Asil Publication Distribution.
- Kandemir, A., & Sezgin Nartgün, Ş. (2022). Distance education fatigue of teachers. Black SeaJournal of Social Sciences, 14(26), 424-449. https://doi.org/10.38155/ksbd.1074213
- Karatepe, F., Küçükgençay, N., & Peker, B. (2020). How do pre-service teachers view synchronous distance education? A survey study. International Research Journal of Social and Human Sciences, 7(53), 1262-1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.1868
- Karadeniz, G., & Zabcı, N. (2020). The relationship between working conditions and perceived stress and psychological well-being of distance education teachers during the pandemic period. MSGSU Journal of Social Sciences, 2(22),301-314. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/msgsusbd/issue/69526/1107299
- Kaymaz, A. (2021). Teachers' views on the changing workload and its effects in the distance education process. International Journal of Leadership Education (ULED), 1(1), 71-85. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijolt/issue/61199/929877
- Koç, B., & Duğan, Ö. (2020). A research on the relationship between organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment. Journal of Academic Social Research, 103, 108-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/ASOS.42115
- Koşar, D., & Battal, B. (2021). Psychological Difficulties Created by Covid-19 Period Emergency Distance Education Activities in Teachers. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University SBE Journal, 11(3), 1366-1384. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.988780
- Küçüker, E., & Dernek Uzun, İ. (2022). Human relations problems encountered by secondary school teachers during emergency distance education process. E- Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 9, 1149-1170. https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.1096476
- Iacolino, C. Cervellione, B. Isgrò, R. Lombardo, E.M.C. Ferracane, G. Barattucci, M., & Ramaci, T. (2023). The role of emotional intelligence and metacognition in Teachers' stress during pandemic remote working: A moderated mediation model. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Health Psychology and Education, 13, 81-95. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13010006
- Manuti, A., Giancaspro, M.L., Gemmano, C.G., & Morrelli, F. (2022). Coping with the unexpected: A job demands/resources study exploring Italian teachers' remote working experience during the covid-19 lockdown. Teaching and Teacher Education: Leadership and Professional Development, 1, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tatelp.2022.100010
- Marangoz, M.C., Elçiçek, M., & Pesen, A. (2022). An investigation on teachers' attitudes towards distance education, psychological resilience and life satisfaction levels. EKEV Academy Journal, 89, 101-120. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sosekev/issue/71371/1147637
- Mustajab, D , Bauw, A , Irawan, A , Rasyid, A , Aldri Akbar, M., & Amin Hamid, M. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic: What Are The Challenges And Opportunities For E- Leadership?. Fiscaoeconomia, 4(2), 483-497. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2020.02.011
- Ní Fhloinn, E., & Fitzmaurice, O. (2021). Challenges and opportunities: Experiences of mathematics lecturers engaged in emergency remote teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic. Mathematics, 9(18), 2303. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9182303
- Özbolat, G., & Şehitoğlu, Y. (2018). The relationship between employee voice and communication satisfaction: a research in the banking sector. Journal of Yıldız Institute of Social Sciences, 2(2), 35-49. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ysbed/issue/40058/430688
- Öztürkoğlu, Y. (2013). Flexible working models in all aspects. Beykoz Academy Journal, 1(1), 109-129. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/beykozad/issue/52169/682354
- Panadero, E., Fraile J., Pinedo, L., Rodríguez-Hernández C, Balerdi, E., & Díez, F. (2022). Teachers' Well-Being, emotions, and motivation during emergency remote teaching due to Covid-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 826828. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.826828
- Taşlıyan, M., & Hırlak, B. (2014). Investigating the relationship between organizational communication effectiveness and job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior: a field study for academic organizations. Journal of Economics and Management Research, 3(2), 7-36. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eyad/issue/57420/813870
- Taşçı, D., & Eroğlu, E. (2008). The effect of managers' feedback skills on the formation of corporate communication quality. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 5(2), 26-34. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/josc/issue/19016/200700
- Türkan, F. (2022). Investigation of teachers' organizational commitment in distance education process: Üsküdar case. Specialization Project. Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University Institute of Postgraduate Education. (1-33).
- Seabra, F. Teixeira, A. Abelha, M., & Aires, L. (2021). Emergency remote teaching and learning in Portugal: Preschool to secondary school teachers' perceptions. Education Sciences, 11(7), 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070349
- Simsek, E. (2011). The effects of organizational communication and personality traits on life satisfaction. [Unpublished doctoral thesis, Anadolu University].
- Soysal, A., Öke, P., Yağar, F., & Tunç, M. (2017). Examination of organizational communication and job satisfaction levels: a private hospital example. Journal of Selçuk University Institute of Social Sciences, 37, 243-253. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/susbed/issue/61817/924902
- Şahin, M. (2021). Problems experienced by teachers in the distance education process.
Journal of History School, 52, 1734-1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/Joh.50089
- Şener, E., Çetinkaya, F.F., Yüksel, A.N., & Akkoca, Y. (2018). Communication satisfaction as an antecedent of positive vocalization behavior. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 20(2), 165-175. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.415920
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- International Labor Organization (2020). Remote working implementation guide during and after Covid-19, https://www.ilo.org/media/398581/download
- Ural, A., & Canpolat, S. (2021). The effect of Covid-19 pandemic on teacher alienation. Journal of Education Science Society, 19(76), 78-104.
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Uzaktan Çalışma Modeli ile Örgütsel İletişim Doyumunun İlişkisi: Öğretmenler Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Yıl 2024,
, 161 - 178, 23.09.2024
Sinan Gürcüoğlu
,
Özlem Duğan
,
Barış Koç
Öz
Örgütlerin çalışanlarla ne şekilde iletişim kurduğu örgüt ile ilgili algıların oluşmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Çalışanların örgütsel bağlılıklarının artması, örgütteki iletişim doyumunu ne düzeyde sağladıkları ile ilgili olmakla birlikte, çeşitli faktörlerin çalışanların örgütsel iletişim doyumunu etkilediği bilinmektedir. Özellikle Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde uzaktan çalışma modelinin örgütlerde uygulanmasında artış yaşanmıştır. Eğitim örgütlerinde yoğun olarak uygulanan uzaktan çalışma modelinin örgütler için avantaj ve dezavantajları sıklıkla tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada uzaktan çalışma modeli ile örgütsel iletişim doyumunun ilişkisi ortaya konulmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı resmi okullarda görev yapan öğretmenlere internet üzerinden bir anket uygulanmıştır. 290 öğretmenin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilen çalışma sonucunda elde edilen veriler, SPSS 23 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, katılımcıların %56.9’unun uzaktan çalışma sırasında okul ile bağlarının azalmadığı, %86.9’unun normal çalışma düzenine göre çalışmayı engelleyici zorluklarla karşılaşmadıkları ve %63.5’inin ise iletişimle ilgili sorun yaşamadığı bulgulanmıştır. Katılımcıların uzaktan çalışma ile ilgili olarak; gerek normal çalışma düzenine göre sorunsuz iletişim kurabilmeleri, gerek okul ile bağlarının azalmaması ve gerekse karşılaştıkları zorlukların artmaması durumları ile iletişim doyumu düzeyleri arasında zayıf - orta kuvvette ve pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki bulunduğu anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmada erkeklerin kadınlara göre çeşitli boyutlarda ve ölçek ortalamasında iletişim doyumu düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.
Kaynakça
- Akca, M., & Tepe Küçükoğlu, M. (2020). Covid-19 and its effects on working life: working from home. Journal of International Management, Educational and Economics Perspectives, 8(1), 71-81. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jimeep/issue/55110/747985
- Aşkan, T. (2022). Investigation of primary school teachers' attitudes and motivations towards distance education in the pandemic process [Master's thesis, Necmettin Erbakan University].
- Almpanis, T., & Joseph-Richard, P. (2022). Lecturing from home: Exploring academics experiences of remote teaching during a pandemic. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 3, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100133
- Aktay, E., Acar, H., Barut, Y., & İzmir, M. (2023). The problems and solution suggestions of school administrators as instructional leaders in school management during the Covid-19 pandemic process. National Journal of Education, 3(1), 146-157. https://uleder.com/index.php/uleder/article/view/171/82
- Aral, N., & Kadan, G. (2021). Investigation of the problems experienced by preschool teachers during the pandemic process. Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Journal of Institute of Health Sciences, 1(2), 99-114. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ahievransaglik/issue/64371/906874
- Ay, F., & Aksu, T. (2023). Examining teachers job satisfaction and burnout levels during the covid-19 pandemic. E-International Journal of Educational Research, 14(2), 365-383. https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.1246566
- Aydın, B., Çulha, Ş., & Çırak, S. (2022). Evaluation of burnout levels of mathematics teachers in distance education process according to demographic and professional characteristics. Journal of National Education, 51(235), 2581-2604. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.911154
- Ballı, F.E., & Önen, Ö. (2019). Opinions of school principals, teachers and support staff on organizational communication climate in schools. International Journal of Social Research (OPUS), 14(20), 514-550. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.602779
- Bayindir, N. (2021). Motivation factor in online teaching times. Gaziantep University Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(2), 291-303. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/guebd/issue/67489/960254
- Biber, Ö., & Karatepe Gürün, S. (2023). Evaluation of the positive and negative consequences of the remote working model with the Covid-19 pandemic. Istanbul Arel University Institute of Graduate Education Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovation Research, 3(1), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.56723/dyad.1202813
- Bitmiş, G.M., Güney, S., & Demirel, H. (2014). The role of organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the relationship between communication satisfaction and productivity: a multi-mediated model test. Journal of H.Ü. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 32(2), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.17065/huiibf.88663
- Eskiyörük, D. (2015). Organizational communication. Cinius Publications.
- Estrella, F. (2022). Ecuadorian university English teachers' reflections on emergency remote teaching during the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 3, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100141
- Gizir, S., & Köksal, E. K. (2014). Investigation of primary school teachers' communication satisfaction. Journal of Inonu University Faculty of Education, 15(2), 89-108. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/92384
- Gülnar, B. (2009). The relationship between communication satisfaction dimensions and organizational structure: The Case of Selçuk University Academicians. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 5(4), 62-82. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/josc/issue/19018/200668
- Güllüoğlu, Ö. (2012). Organizational communication, communication satisfaction and institutional commitment. Education Publishing House.
- Güzel, F., & Güzel Evecen H. (2022). The effect of school administrators' distributive leadership behaviors on teachers' motivation during the pandemic process. Journal of School Management, 1(1), 19-32. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/saj/issue/73461/1206945
- Kabakçı Günay, E., & Özer Torgalöz, A. (2020). Transformation in remote working and employment in Turkey in the Covid-19 process, 3rd International Congress of Academic Research (ICAR), 404-412.
- Hajar, A., & Manan, S.A. (2021). Emergency remote English language teaching and learning: Voices of primary school students and teachers in Kazakhstan. Review of Education, 10, e3358. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3358
- Hallin, H. (2020). Home-Based Telework Dur, Ng The Covid-19 Pandemic, Master Program In Work Life Science.
- Horspool, A., & Lange, C. (2012). Applying the scholarship of teaching and learning: Student perceptions, behaviours and success online and face-to-face. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 37(1), 73-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2010.496532
- Kalaycı, Ş. (2006). SPSS applied multivariate statistical techniques. Asil Publication Distribution.
- Kandemir, A., & Sezgin Nartgün, Ş. (2022). Distance education fatigue of teachers. Black SeaJournal of Social Sciences, 14(26), 424-449. https://doi.org/10.38155/ksbd.1074213
- Karatepe, F., Küçükgençay, N., & Peker, B. (2020). How do pre-service teachers view synchronous distance education? A survey study. International Research Journal of Social and Human Sciences, 7(53), 1262-1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.1868
- Karadeniz, G., & Zabcı, N. (2020). The relationship between working conditions and perceived stress and psychological well-being of distance education teachers during the pandemic period. MSGSU Journal of Social Sciences, 2(22),301-314. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/msgsusbd/issue/69526/1107299
- Kaymaz, A. (2021). Teachers' views on the changing workload and its effects in the distance education process. International Journal of Leadership Education (ULED), 1(1), 71-85. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijolt/issue/61199/929877
- Koç, B., & Duğan, Ö. (2020). A research on the relationship between organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment. Journal of Academic Social Research, 103, 108-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/ASOS.42115
- Koşar, D., & Battal, B. (2021). Psychological Difficulties Created by Covid-19 Period Emergency Distance Education Activities in Teachers. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University SBE Journal, 11(3), 1366-1384. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.988780
- Küçüker, E., & Dernek Uzun, İ. (2022). Human relations problems encountered by secondary school teachers during emergency distance education process. E- Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 9, 1149-1170. https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.1096476
- Iacolino, C. Cervellione, B. Isgrò, R. Lombardo, E.M.C. Ferracane, G. Barattucci, M., & Ramaci, T. (2023). The role of emotional intelligence and metacognition in Teachers' stress during pandemic remote working: A moderated mediation model. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Health Psychology and Education, 13, 81-95. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13010006
- Manuti, A., Giancaspro, M.L., Gemmano, C.G., & Morrelli, F. (2022). Coping with the unexpected: A job demands/resources study exploring Italian teachers' remote working experience during the covid-19 lockdown. Teaching and Teacher Education: Leadership and Professional Development, 1, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tatelp.2022.100010
- Marangoz, M.C., Elçiçek, M., & Pesen, A. (2022). An investigation on teachers' attitudes towards distance education, psychological resilience and life satisfaction levels. EKEV Academy Journal, 89, 101-120. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sosekev/issue/71371/1147637
- Mustajab, D , Bauw, A , Irawan, A , Rasyid, A , Aldri Akbar, M., & Amin Hamid, M. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic: What Are The Challenges And Opportunities For E- Leadership?. Fiscaoeconomia, 4(2), 483-497. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2020.02.011
- Ní Fhloinn, E., & Fitzmaurice, O. (2021). Challenges and opportunities: Experiences of mathematics lecturers engaged in emergency remote teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic. Mathematics, 9(18), 2303. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9182303
- Özbolat, G., & Şehitoğlu, Y. (2018). The relationship between employee voice and communication satisfaction: a research in the banking sector. Journal of Yıldız Institute of Social Sciences, 2(2), 35-49. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ysbed/issue/40058/430688
- Öztürkoğlu, Y. (2013). Flexible working models in all aspects. Beykoz Academy Journal, 1(1), 109-129. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/beykozad/issue/52169/682354
- Panadero, E., Fraile J., Pinedo, L., Rodríguez-Hernández C, Balerdi, E., & Díez, F. (2022). Teachers' Well-Being, emotions, and motivation during emergency remote teaching due to Covid-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 826828. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.826828
- Taşlıyan, M., & Hırlak, B. (2014). Investigating the relationship between organizational communication effectiveness and job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior: a field study for academic organizations. Journal of Economics and Management Research, 3(2), 7-36. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eyad/issue/57420/813870
- Taşçı, D., & Eroğlu, E. (2008). The effect of managers' feedback skills on the formation of corporate communication quality. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 5(2), 26-34. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/josc/issue/19016/200700
- Türkan, F. (2022). Investigation of teachers' organizational commitment in distance education process: Üsküdar case. Specialization Project. Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University Institute of Postgraduate Education. (1-33).
- Seabra, F. Teixeira, A. Abelha, M., & Aires, L. (2021). Emergency remote teaching and learning in Portugal: Preschool to secondary school teachers' perceptions. Education Sciences, 11(7), 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070349
- Simsek, E. (2011). The effects of organizational communication and personality traits on life satisfaction. [Unpublished doctoral thesis, Anadolu University].
- Soysal, A., Öke, P., Yağar, F., & Tunç, M. (2017). Examination of organizational communication and job satisfaction levels: a private hospital example. Journal of Selçuk University Institute of Social Sciences, 37, 243-253. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/susbed/issue/61817/924902
- Şahin, M. (2021). Problems experienced by teachers in the distance education process.
Journal of History School, 52, 1734-1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/Joh.50089
- Şener, E., Çetinkaya, F.F., Yüksel, A.N., & Akkoca, Y. (2018). Communication satisfaction as an antecedent of positive vocalization behavior. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 20(2), 165-175. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.415920
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