Body Image, Self-Compassion, Depressive Affection and Sex on Undergraduate Students

Yıl 2019, , 175 - 190, 22.05.2019

Öznur Bayar

https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.451180

Cited By: 2

Öz

The aim of the
study is to test whether self-compassion, depressive affect and sex predict
body image of university students. The study group consisted of 230
participants (77.4% women and 22.6% men) who continued their undergraduate education
at a large university located in Ankara. "Body Image Scale",
“Self-Compassion Scale”, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale’s “D-5: Depressive
Affection” dimension and "Personal Information Form” were used as data
collection tools. This study was a quantitative correlational research. Whether
or not self-compassion, depressive affection and sex predicts body perception were
investigated with 3 models by using stepwise linear regression analysis. All
the three models were found to be meaningful, and according to findings,
self-compassion, depressive affection, and sex together explained approximately
37% of the variance of body image. The strongest predictor of body image is
self-compassion. The findings of this study is considered important in terms of
revealing the variables that effect university students’ body image in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

body image, self-compassion, depressive affection, sex

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Beden İmajı, Öz-Şefkat, Depresif Duygulanım ve Cinsiyet

Öz

Bu
çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde öz-şefkat, depresif duygulanım ve
cinsiyetin beden imajı yordayıp yordamadığının test edilmesidir. Araştırmanın
çalışma grubu Ankara’da bulunan büyük bir üniversitede lisans düzeyinde
eğitimini sürdüren 230 katılımcıdan (%77.4’ü kadın ve %22.6’sı erkek) oluşmaktadır.
Veri toplama araçları olarak “Beden İmajı Ölçeği”, “Öz-Anlayış Ölçeği”,
Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği’nin “D-5: Depresif Duygulanım” boyutu ve
“Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma ilişkisel tarama
modellerinden korelasyonel araştırma türündedir. Öz-şefkat, depresif duygulanım
ve cinsiyetin beden imajını yordayıp yordamadığı aşamalı doğrusal regresyon
analizi ile üç model kurularak incelenmiştir. Kurulan üç model de anlamlı
bulunmuştur ve bulgulara göre öz-şefkat, depresif duygulanım ve cinsiyet
değişkenleri birlikte beden imajı puanlarının yaklaşık %37’sini açıklamaktadır.
Beden imajının en güçlü yordayıcısı ise öz-şefkattir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarının
Türkiye’deki üniversite öğrencilerinin beden imajını açıklayan faktörleri
ortaya koyması bakımından literatüre katkı sağladığı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

beden imajı, öz-şefkat, depresif duygulanım, cinsiyet

Kaynakça

• Adams, C. E., & Leary, M. R. (2007). Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(10), 1120-1144.
• Alagül, Ö. (2004). Farklı spor branşlarındaki sporcuların atılganlık ile beden imajı ilişkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
• Albertson, E. R., Neff, K. D., & Dill-Shackleford, K. E. (2014). Self-compassion and body dissatisfaction in women: A randomized controlled trial of a brined meditation intervention. Mindfulness, 1-11.
• Alentola, A. E. (2017). Changing the narratives of marginalised bodies - a study about body positivism. Master Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Media Studies, Stockholm.
• Bardone-Cone, A. M., Cass, K. M., & Ford, J. A. (2008). Examining body issatisfaction in young men within a biopsychosocial framework. Body Image, 5, 183-194.
• Bayar, Ö. Haskan-Avcı, Ö. & Koç, M. (2016). What’s expected of men in Turkish culture: Perceptions of male university students. International Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 5(9), 1-8.
• Braun, T. D., Park, C. L., & Gorin, A. (2016). Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: A review of the literature. Body Image, 17, 117-131.
• Breines, J., Toole, A., Tu, C., & Chen, S. (2014). Self-compassion, body image, and selfreported disordered eating, Self and Identity 13(4), 432-448.
• Cash, T. F. (1981). Physical attractiveness: An annotated bibliography of theory and research in the behavioral sciences. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 11.
• Cash, T. F. (2012). Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, 1, 334-342.
• Cash, T. F., & Fleming, E. C. (2002). The impact of body image experiences: development of the body image quality of life inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(4), 455-460.
• Cash, T. F., & Green, G. K. (1986). Body weight and body image among college women: Perception, cognition, and affect. Journal of Personality Assessment, 50(2), 290-301.
• Cash, T. F., Ancis, J. R., & Strachan, M. D. (1997). Gender attitudes, feminist identity, and body images among college women. Sex Roles, 36(7-8), 433-447.
• Cash, T. F., Jakatdar, T. A. & Williams, E. F. (2004). The Body Image Quality of Life Inventory: Further validation with college men and women. Body Image, 1, 279- 287.
• Ceyhan, A. A., Ceyhan, E. & Kurtyılmaz, Y. (2009). Investigation of university students’ depression. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 36, 75-90.
• Cooley, E., & Toray, T. (2001). Body image and personality predictors of eating disorder symptoms during college years. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30(1), 28-36.
• Demarest, J., & Allen, R. (2000). Body image: Gender, ethnic, and age differences. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140(4), 465-472.
• Esnaola, I., Rodríguez, A. & Goñi, A. (2010). Body dissatisfaction and perceived sociocultural pressures: Gender and age differences. Salud Mental, 33, 21-29.
• Garner, D. M., Garfinkel, P. E., Schwartz, D., & Thompson, M. (1980). Cultural expectations of thinness in women. Psychological Reports, 47(2), 483-491.
• Haspolat, N. K. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinde beden imajı benlik saygısı ve sosyal fobinin incelenmesi. Yüksek lisans Tezi, Erzincan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzincan.
• Jackson, L. A., Sullivan, L. A., & Rostker, R. (1988). Gender, gender role, and body image. Sex Roles, 19(7-8), 429-443.
• Kalafat, T. (2006). Üniversite öğrencilerinin beden memnuniyeti düzeyleri ile sosyal beceri düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Çanakkale Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çanakkale.
• Karasar, N. (2009). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
• Keel, P. K., Mitchell, J. E., Davis, T. L., & Crow, S. J. (2001). Relationship between depression and body dissatisfaction in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, 48-56.
• Keith, T. (2006). Multiple regression and beyond. Boston: Ally and Bacon Pearson Education, Inc.
• Koç, H. E., & Ermiş, E. (2016). Self-compassion as a predictor of social physique anxiety in athletes. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 5214-5222.
• Kramer, R. (2014). How does self-compassion relate to body image after deconstructing self-compassion into its three factors and comparing self-compassion to self-esteem. Master’s Thesis, American University, Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences, Washington, D. C.
• Leit, R. A., Gray, J. J., & Pope Jr, H. G. (2002). The media's representation of the ideal male body: A cause for muscle dysmorphia?. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(3), 334-338.
• Morf, C. C. & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177-196.
• Mosewich, A. D., Kowalski, K. C., Sabiston, C. M., Sedgwick, W. A., & Tracy, J. L. (2011). Self-compassion: A potential resource for young women athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 103-123.
• Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101.
• Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
• Neff, K. D. (2009). The role of self-compassion in development: A healthier way to relate to oneself. Human Development, 52(4), 211-214.
• Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion, self esteem, and well being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 1-12.
• Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and its link to adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 908-916.
• Ogden, J., & Evans, C. (1996). The problem with weighing: Effects of mood, self-esteem and body image. International Journal of Obesity, 20, 272-277.
• Oğuz, G. Y. (2005). Bir güzellik miti olarak incelik ve kadınlarla ilgili beden imgesinin televizyonda sunumu. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi, 4(1), 31-37.
• Paxton, S. J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Hannan, P. J., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2006). Body dissatisfaction prospectively predicts depressive mood and low self-esteem in adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 35(4), 539-549.
• Presnell, K., Bearman, S. K., & Stice, E. (2004). Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls: A prospective study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36(4), 389-401.
• Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Measures Package, 61.
• Rotenberg, K. J., Taylor, D., & Davis, R. (2004). Selective mood‐induced body image disparagement and enhancement effects: Are they due to cognitive priming or subjective mood?. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(3), 317-332.
• Stice, E., Hayward, C., Cameron, R. P., Killen, J. D., & Taylor, C. B. (2000). Body image and eating disturbances predict onset of depression among female adolescents: A longutidinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 438-444.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th. Ed.). Boston: Ally and Bacon Pearson Education, Inc.
• Topçu, B. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinde beden imajı ile bozulmuş yeme davranışı arasındaki lişkinin cinsiyet ve spor katılımı düzeyi faktörlerine göre incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Tylka, T. K., Russell, H. L. & Neal, A. A. (2015). Self-compassion as a moderator of thinness-related presurres’ associations with thin-ideal internalization and disordered eating. Eating Behavior, 17, 23-26.
• Unger, R. K. (1979). Toward a redefinition of sex and gender. American Psychologist, 34(11), 1085-1094.
• Wasylkiw, L., MacKinnon, A. L., & MacLellan, A. M. (2012). Exploring the link between self-compassion and body image in university women. Body Image, 9, 236-245.
• Yumurtacı, D. (2012). Predictors of body image among unıversity students. Master of Thesis, Middle East Technical University, The Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara.