AN ANALOGY PROPOSAL FOR MEASURING THE KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS OF ACADEMIC STAFF

Öz

Since human capital is the factor that creates and disseminates knowledge and develops and produces technology, it is considered as one of the most important factors affecting growth and development today. On the other hand, universities are one of the most important cornerstones of human capital, knowledge creation and diffusion. In the international and national literature, only citations are used to measure university-based knowledge spillovers and other factors are neglected. To fill this gap in the literature, this study proposes an analogy for the measurement of spillovers created by academic staff, taking into account the literature on knowledge and technology spillovers in the industrial sector. Knowledge spillovers are categorized into explicit and implicit knowledge spillovers under university-to-university and private sector spillovers. Explicit knowledge spillovers from the university to other universities include publications, citations, patents, co-authored works, while tacit knowledge spillovers include conferences, graduate and doctoral students, academic mobility and projects. A similar analogy is proposed for knowledge spillovers from universities to industry.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Human capital
• Academic staff
• Knowledge spillovers

AKADEMİK PERSONELİN BİLGİ YAYILIMINI ÖLÇMEYE YÖNELİK BİR ANALOJİ ÖNERİSİ

Öz

Beşerî sermaye bilgiyi yaratan ve yayan ayrıca teknolojiyi de geliştirerek üreten faktör olduğu için günümüzde büyüme ve kalkınmayı etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden birisi olarak ele alınmaktadır. Üniversiteler ise beşeri sermayenin, bilgi oluşumunun ve yayılımının en önemli temel taşlarından birisidir. Uluslararası ve ulusal yazına bakıldığında üniversite kaynaklı bilgi yayılımının ölçümü için sadece atıfların kullanıldığı ve diğer faktörlerin ihmal edildiği görülmektedir. Literatürdeki bu boşluğu doldurmak üzere bu çalışma, sanayi sektöründe bilgi ve teknolojinin yayılması ile ilgili literatürü dikkate alarak akademik personelin yaratmış olduğu yayılmaların ölçümü için bir analoji önerisinde bulunmaktadır. Bilgi yayılımı üniversiteden üniversiteye ve özel sektöre olan yayılmalar altında açık ve örtük bilgi yayılımı olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Üniversiteden diğer üniversitelere olan açık bilgi yayılımı olarak yayınlar, atıflar, patentler, ortak yazarlı çalışmalar ele alınırken örtük bilgi yayılımı altında konferanslar, yetiştirilen yüksek lisans ve doktora öğrencileri, personel hareketliliği ve projeler sınıflandırılmıştır. Benzer bir analoji üniversiteden sanayiye olan bilgi yayılımı için de önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beşeri sermaye
• Akademik Personel
• Bilgi Yayılımı

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