Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Bağlamsal Performans Üzerindeki Etkisinde Bireysel Şükranın Aracı Rolü

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 32, 69 - 86, 13.07.2018

Bora Yıldız , Neşe Çakı

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.424505

Cited By: 6

Öz

Bu çalışmada çalışanların örgütsel destek algısının bağlamsal performans üzerindeki etkisinde bireysel şükranın aracılık etkisi Sosyal Mübadele Teorisi ve Örgütsel Destek Teorisi bağlamında incelenmiştir. İlgili yazın incelendiğinde örgütsel destek algısının pozitif çıktı ya da davranışlara sebep olduğunu gösteren pek çok çalışma olmasına rağmen örgütsel destek algısının bağlamsal performans üzerindeki etkisinde bireysel şükranın aracılık etkisini inceleyen ampirik ya da teorik bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Araştırmanın bu yönü çalışmanın özgün yanını temsil etmektedir. Araştırma, Aralık 2016 ile Ocak 2017 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan ve lisansüstü eğitimlerine devam etmekte olan 206 hizmet sektörü çalışanı üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırma modeli yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları bireysel şükranın algılanan örgütsel destek ile bağlamsal performans arasındaki ilişkide tam aracılık etkisine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırma sonunda yönetici ve uygulayıcılar ile birlikte gelecek araştırmalar için çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Algılanan örgütsel destek, bağlamsal performans, bireysel şükran

Kaynakça

• Ahmed, I., Ismail, W. K. W., Amin, S. M., Ramzan, M. ve Khan, M. K. (2012). “Theorizing Antecedents of Perceived Organizational Support: A Literature Review Approach”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12/5, 692-698. Akgün, A. E., Erdil, O., Keskin, H. ve Muceldilli, B. (2016). “The Relationship among Gratitude, Hope, Connections, and Innovativeness”, Service Industries Journal, 36 (3/4), 102-123. Allen, D. G., Shore, L. M., ve Griffeth, R. W. (2003). “The Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Supportive Human Resource Practices in the Turnover Process”, Journal of Management, 29/1, 99-118. Anderson, J. C. ve Gerbing, D. W. (1988). “Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach”, Psychological Bulletin, 103/3, 411- 423. Armeli, S., Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P. ve Lynch, P. (1998). “Perceived Organizational Support and Police Performance: The Moderating Influence of Socioemotional Needs”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 83/2, 288-297. Arshadi, N. ve Hayavi, G. (2013). “The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Affective Commitment and Job Performance: Mediating Role of OBSE”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 739-743. Asgari, A., Silong, A. D., Ahmad, A. ve Samah, B. A. (2008). “The Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange, Organizational Inflexibility, Perceived Organizational Support, Interactional Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour”. African Journal of Business Management, 2/8, 138-145. Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). “The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51/6, 1173-1182. Bartlett, M. Y. ve DeSteno, D. (2006). “Gratitude and Prosocial Behavior: Helping When it Costs You”, Psychological Science, 17/4, 319-325. Befort, N. ve Hattrup, K. (2003). “Valuing Task and Contextual Performance: Experience, Job Roles, and Ratings of the Importance of Job Behaviors”, Applied HRM Research, 8/1, 17-32. Beheshtifar, M., Ali-Nezhad, H. ve Nekoie-Moghadam, M. (2012). “Investigation of Perceived Organizational Support on Employees’ Positive Attitudes Toward Work”, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4/8, 432-442. Beheshtifar, M. ve Zare, E. (2012). “Effect Perceived Organizational Support On Employees’ Attitudes toward Work”, Science Series Data Report, 4/9, 28-34. Bektaş, H. (2017). Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi, 1. Baskı, Beta,İstanbul. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life, Transaction Publishers. Borman, W. C., ve Motowidlo, S. M. (1993). “Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance”, Chapter in N. Schmitt and W. C. Borman (Eds.), Personnel Selection in Organizations (71-98), San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Borman, W. C. ve Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). “Task Performance and Contextual Performance: The Meaning for Personnel Selection Research”, Human Performance, 10/2, 99-109. Brief, A. P. ve Motowidlo, S. J. (1986). “Prosocial Organizational Behaviors”, Academy of management Review, 11/4, 710-725. Campbell, J.P., Gasser, MB ve Oswald, FL, (1996). “The Substantive Nature of Job Performance Variability”, Individual Differences and Behavior in Organizations, 258-299. Chiaburu, D. S., Chakrabarty, S., Wang, J. ve Li, N. (2015). “Organizational Support and Citizenship Behaviors: A Comparative Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis”, Management International Review, 55/5, 707-736. Chiang, C.F. ve Hsieh, T.S. (2012). “The Impacts of Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Empowerment on Job Performance: The Mediating Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31/1, 180-190. Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S. ve Slaughter, J. E. (2011). “Work Engagement: A Quantitative Review and Test of its Relations with Task and Contextual Performance”, Personnel Psychology, 64/1, 89-136. Cialdini, R. B. (2001). İnsanları Etkileme Yolları (Çev. A. Dönmez), İmge Kitabevi, Ankara. Colakoglu, U., Culha, O. ve Atay, H. (2010). “The Effects of Perceived Organisational Support On Employees’ Affective Outcomes: Evidence From The Hotel Industry”, Tourism and Hospitality Management, 16/2, 125-150. Conway, J. M. (1999). “Distinguishing Contextual Performance from Task Performance for Managerial Jobs”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 84/1, 3-13. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). “Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests”. Psychometrika, 16/3, 297-334. Darolia, C., Kumari, P. ve Darolia, S. (2010). “Perceived Organizational Support, Work Motivation, and Organizational Commitment as Determinants of Job Performance”. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36/1, 69-78. Dutton, J. E. ve Heaphy, E. D. (2003). “The Power of High-Quality Connections”, Positive Organizational Scholarship: Foundations of A New Discipline, (Ed: K.S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton ve R. E. Quinn), Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco. Eisenberger,R., Huntington, R, Hutchison S. ve Sowa D. (1986). “Perceived Organizational Support”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 71/3, 500-507. Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P. ve Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). “Perceived Organizational Support And Employee Diligence, Commitment, and Innovation”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75/1, 51-59. Einsenberger, R., Cummings, J., Aemeli, S. ve Lynch, P. (1997). Perceived Organizational Support, Discretionary Treatment, and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82/5, 812-820. Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D. ve Rhoades, L. (2001). “Reciprocation of Perceived Organizational Support”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86/1, 42-51. Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L. ve Rhoades, L. (2002). “Perceived Supervisor Support: Contributions to Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Retention”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87/3, 565-573. Emmons, R. A. (2003). “Acts of Gratitude in Organizations”, Positive Organizational Scholarship: Foundations of a New Discipline, (Ed: K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, ve R. E. Quinn), Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco. Fehr, R., Fulmer, A., Awtrey, E. ve Miller, J. A. (2017). “The Grateful Workplace: A Multilevel Model of Gratitude in Organizations”. Academy of Management Review, 42/2, 361-381. Fornell, C., ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 382-388. George, J. M. ve Brief, A. P. (1992). “Feeling Good-Doing Good: A Conceptual Analysis of the Mood at Work-Organizational Spontaneity Relationship". Psychological Bulletin, 112/2, 310-329. Giorgi, G., Dubin, D. ve Perez, J. F. (2016). “Perceived Organizational Support for Enhancing Welfare at Work: A Regression Tree Model”, Frontiers in Psychology, 7/1, 1-9. Gouldner, A. W. (1960). “The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement”. American Sociological Review, 25/2, 161-178. Graen, G. B. ve Scandura, T. A. (1987). “Toward a Psychology of Dyadic Organizing”, Research in Organizational Behavior, 9/1, 175-208. Guan, X., Sun, T., Hou, Y., Zhao, L., Luan, Y.Z. ve Fan, L.H. (2014). “The Relationship between Job Performance and Perceived Organizational Support in Faculty Members at Chinese Universities: A Questionnaire Survey”. BMC Medical Education. 14/1, 1-10. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C, Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective ,7.Baskı, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Jackson, L. (2016). “Why should I be Grateful? The Morality of Gratitude in Contexts Marked by Injustice”, Journal of Moral Education, 45/3, 276-290. Jahangir, N., Akbar, M. M. ve Haq, M. (2004). “Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature and Antecedents”, BRAC University Journal, 1/2, 75-85. Jawahar, I. ve Carr, D. (2007). “Conscientiousness and Contextual Performance: The Compensatory Effects of Perceived Organizational Support and Leader-Member Exchange”. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22/4, 330-349. Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A. ve Rich, B. L. (2006). “Loving Yourself Abundantly: Relationship of The Narcissistic Personality to Self and Other Perceptions of Workplace Deviance, Leadership, and Task and Contextual Performance”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91/4, 762-775. Kaiser, H. F. (1970). “A Second Generation Little Jiffy”, Psychometrika, 35/4, 401-415. Kaiser, H. F. ve Rice, J. (1974). “Little Jiffy, Mark IV”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34/1, 111-117. Karatepe, O. M. ve Aga, M. (2016). “The Effects of Organization Mission Fulfillment and Perceived Organizational Support on Job Performance The Mediating Role of Work Engagement”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 34/3, 368-387. Kim, K. Y., Eisenberger, R. ve Baik, K. (2016). “Perceived Organizational Support and Affective Organizational Commitment: Moderating Influence of Perceived Organizational Competence”. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37/4, 558-583. Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., ve Adis, C. S. (2017). “Perceived Organizational Support A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory”, Journal of Management, 43/6, 1854-1884. Levinson, H. (1965). “Reciprocation: The Relationship Between Man and Organization”. Administrative Science Quarterly, 9/4, 370-390. Liu, C. M., ve Lin, C. P. (2016). Corporate Ethical Values and Turnover Intention. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 23(4), 397-409. Liu, X., Liu, S., Luo, H. ve Ma, B. (2014). “Perceived Organizational Support in Typical Versus Atypical Workers: Associations with Job Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE), Finland, 17-19 Ağustos. Loi, R., Hang‐Yue, N. ve Foley, S. (2006). “Linking Employees' Justice Perceptions to Organizational Commitment and Intention to Leave: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79/1, 101-120. Lynch, P. D., Eisenberger, R. ve Armeli, S. (1999). “Perceived Organizational Support: Inferior versus Superior Performance by Wary Employees”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84/4, 467-483. Mathumbu, D. ve Dodd, N. (2013). “Perceived Organisational Support, Work Engagement and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour of Nurses at Victoria Hospital”, Journal of Psychology, 4/2, 87-93. McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., ve Tsang, J.A. (2002). “The Grateful Disposition: A Conceptual and Empirical Topography”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82/1, 112-127. Miao, R. ve Kim, H.G. (2010). “Perceived Organizational Support, Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance: An Chinese Empirical Study”, Journal of Service Science and Management, 3/2, 257-264. Moorman, R. H., Blakely, G. L. ve Niehoff, B. P. (1998). “Does Perceived Organizational Support Mediate the Relationship between Procedural Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior?”, Academy of Management Journal, 41/3, 351-357. Motowidlo, S. J., & Schmit, M. J. (1999). “Performance Assessment in Unique Jobs”, Ilgen ve Pulakos (Ed.), The Changing Nature of Performance, 56-86. Jossey-Bass Inc, San Francisco. Motowildo, S. J., Borman, W. C. ve Schmit, M. J. (1997). “A Theory of Individual Differences in Task and Contextual Performance”, Human Performance, 10/2, 71-83. Motowidlo, S. J., ve Van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that Task Performance Should Be Distinguished from Contextual Performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 79/4, 475-480. Muca, M., Puka, L., Bani, K. ve Shahu, E. (2013). “Principal Components and the Maximum Likelihood Methods as Tools to Analyze Large Data with A Psychological Testing Example”, European Scientific Journal, 9/20, 176-184.. Mullen, T. R., Kroustalis, C., Meade, A. W., and Surface, E. A. (2006). “Assessing Change in Perceived Organizational Support Due to Training”. 21st Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Dallas TX, April. Müceldili, B., Erdil, O., Akgün, A. E. ve Keskin, H. (2015). “Collective Gratitude: Positive Organizational Scholarship Perspective”. International Business Research, 8, 92-102. Nielsen, S. K. (2006). “A Multi-Source Model of Perceived Organizational Support and Performance”, Journal of Organizational Psychology, 14/2, 78-92. Onay, M. (2011). “The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Labor on Task Performance and Contextual Performance”, Ege Academic Review, 11/4, 587-600. Orpen, C. (1994). “The Effects of Exchange Ideology on the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Job-Performance”, Journal of Social Psychology, 134/3, 407-408. Öcel, H. (2013). “Örgüt Kimliğinin Gücü, Algılanan Örgütsel Prestij ve Kişi-Örgüt Uyumu ile Bağlamsal Performans Arasındaki İlişkiler: Örgütsel Bağlılığın Aracı Rolü”, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 28/71, 37-53. Özdevecioğlu, M. (2013). “Algılanan Örgütsel Destek İle Örgütsel Bağlılık Arasındaki İlişkilerin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18/2, 113-130. Özdevecioğlu, M. ve Kanıgür, S. (2009). “Çalışanların İlişki ve Görev Yönelimli Liderlik Algılamalarının Performansları Üzerindeki Etkileri”, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 11/16, 53-82. Pazy, A. ve Ganzach, Y. (2009). “Pay Contingency and The Effects of Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Support on Performance and Commitment”. Journal of Management, 35/4, 1007-1025. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.Y. ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of The Literature and Recommended Remedies”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88/5, 879-903. Podsakoff, P. M. ve Organ, D. W. (1986). “Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects”. Journal of Management, 12/4, 531-544. Polatci, S. (2014). “Psikolojik Sermayenin Görev ve Baglamsal Performans Üzerindeki Etkileri: Polis Teskilatinda Bir Arastirma/The Effects of Psychological Capital on Task and Contextual Performance: A Research on Police Organization”, Ege Akademik Bakış, 14/1, 115-124. Rand, D. G., Kraft-Todd, G. ve Gruber, J. (2015). “The Collective Benefits of Feeling Good and Letting Go: Positive Emotion and (dis)Inhibition Interact to Predict Cooperative Behavior”. Plos One, 10/1, 1-12. Randall, M. L., Cropanzano, R., Bormann, C. A. ve Birjulin, A. (1999). “Organizational Politics and Organizational Support as Predictors of Work Attitudes, Job Performance, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior”. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20/2, 159-174. Rhoades, L. ve Eisenberger, R. (2002). “Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of The Literature”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87/4, 698–714. Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R. ve Armeli, S. (2001). “Affective Commitment to The Organization: The Contribution of Perceived Organizational Support”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86/5, 825-836. Robbins, S. P. ve Judge, T. (2013). Organizational Behaviour, Pearson. New Jersey. Rotundo, M., ve Sackett, P. R. (2002). “The Relative Importance of Task, Citizenship, and Counterproductive Performance to Global Ratings of Job Performance: A Policy-Capturing Approach”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87/1, 66-80. Saruhan, Ş. C. ve Yıldız, M. L. (2014). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Teori ve Uygulama. 1.Baskı, Beta, İstanbul. Seligman M.E.P. ve Csikszentmihalyi M. (2014). “Positive Psychology: An Introduction”, In: Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology (pp. 279-298). Springer, Dordrecht. Settoon, R. P., Bennett, N. ve Liden, R. C. (1996). “Social Exchange in Organizations: Perceived Organizational Support, Leader–Member Exchange, and Employee Reciprocity”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 81/3, 219-227. Shore, L. M. ve Wayne, S. J. (1993). “Commitment and Employee Behavior: Comparison of Affective Commitment and Continuance Commitment with Perceived Organizational Support”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78/5, 774-780. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290-312. Steindl-Rast, D. (2004). “Gratitude as Thankfulness and as Gratefulness”, The Psychology of Gratitude (Ed: R.A.Emmons ve M.E. McCullough), Oxford University Press, Oxford. Tongur, A. (2011). Organizational Support, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Perceived Performance: Analysis of Crime Scene Investigation Units of Turkish National Police (Unpublished Dissertation). Central Florida Üniversitesi. Tudge, J. R., Freitas, L. B. ve O'Brien, L. T. (2015). “The Virtue of Gratitude: A Developmental and Cultural Approach”, Human Development, 58/4-5, 281-300. Turunç, Ö. ve Çelik, M. (2010). “Çalışanların Algıladıkları Örgütsel Destek ve İş Stresinin Örgütsel Özdeşleşme ve İş Performansına Etkisi”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 17/2, 183-206. Ülgen, H. ve Mirze, K. (2010). İşletmelerde Stratejik Yönetim, Beta, İstanbul.Moorman, R. H., Blakely, G. L. ve Niehoff, B. P. (1998). “Does Perceived Organizational Support Mediate the Relationship between Procedural Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior?”, Academy of Management Journal, 41/3, 351-357. Venkatraman, N. (1989). The concept of fit in strategy research: toward verbal and statistical correspondence. Academy of Management Review, 14, 423-444. Watt, J. D., ve Hargis, M. B. (2010). “Boredom Proneness: Its Relationship with Subjective Underemployment, Perceived Organizational Support, and Job Performance”, Journal of Business and Psychology, 25/1, 163-174. Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., ve Liden, R. C. (1997). “Perceived Organizational Support and Leader-Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective”. Academy of Management, 40/1, 82-111. Wu, C. C. ve Liu, N. T. (2014). “Perceived Organizational Support, Organizational Commitment and Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviors”. International Journal of Business and Information, 9/1, 61-88. Xanthopoulou, D., Baker, A. B., Heuven, E., Demerouti, E. ve Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). “Working in the Sky: A Diary Study on Work Engagement Among Flight Attendants”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13/4, 345-356. Yousaf, A., Yang, H. ve Sanders, K. (2015). “Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation on Task and Contextual Performance of Pakistani Professionals: the Mediating Role of Commitment Foci”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30/2, 133-150.