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OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞAL AFETLERİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 43, 303 - 318, 23.03.2021

Nazlı Keyifli

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.829833
Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışma, iklim değişiklikleri sonucu ortaya çıkan doğal afetlerin bütçe açıkları üzerindeki etkisini ampirik olarak analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma 34 OECD ülkesini ve 2000-2018 dönemini kapsamaktadır. İki aşamalı sistem GMM analizinden yararlanılarak elde edilen bulgular; kamu borcu, dış ticaret, GSYİH büyümesi, doğal afetlerin toplam zarar maliyetleri bütçe açıklarını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif etkilerken nüfus yoğunluğun negatif etkilediği; enflasyon ile bütçe açıkları arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal Afetler Bütçe Açıkları Panel Veri

Kaynakça

  • Akar, S. (2013). “Doğal Afetlerin Kamu Maliyesine ve Makroekonomiye Etkileri: Türkiye Değerlendirmesi”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21, 185-206.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991). “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations”. Review of Economic Studies, 58, 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bover, O. (1995). “Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models”. Journal of Econometrics, 68, 29-51.
  • Başoğlu, A. (2014). “Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Ekonomik Etkileri”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7, 175-195.
  • Benali, N., Abdelkafi, I. ve Feki, R. (2018). “Natural-Disaster Shocks and Government's Behavior: Evidence from Middle Income Countries”. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 27, 1-16.
  • Benson, C. (1997). “The Economic Impact of Natural Disasters in Vietnam”. Overseas Development Institute, Working Paper 98.
  • Berke, B., Temz, D. ve Karakurt, E. (2015). “Üçüz Açık ve Türkiye İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 10(2),67-89.
  • Berlemann, M. ve Wenzel, D. (2015). “Long-Term Growth Effects of Natural Disasters-Empirical Evidence for Droughts”. CESifo Working Paper No. 5598.
  • Blundell, R. ve Bond, S. (1998). “Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models”. Journal of Econometrics, 87, 115-143.
  • CEPS & ZEW (2010). “The Fiscal Implication of Climate Change Adaptation”. Final Report No: ECFIN/E/2008/008.
  • Dalyop, G. T. (2017). “Determinants of Fiscal Deficit in Conflict-affected States in Africa”. The International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, 12(4),69 – 95.
  • Dayton-Johnson, J. (2006). “Natural Disaster and Vulnerability”. OECD Development Centre Policy Brief, No. 29.
  • ECLAC, (1991). “Manual For Estimating The Socio – Economic Effects of Natural Disasters”. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America And The Caribbean Programme Planning And Operations Division.
  • EM-DAT (2008). The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database Universite Catholique de Louvain-Brussels-Belgium, (11.10.2020), http://www.emdat.be/Database/terms.html.
  • Ferreira, S. ve Cuñado, J. (2011). “The Macroeconomic Impacts of Natural Disasters: the Case of Floods”. Land Econ., 90 (1),149–168.
  • Gali, J. ve Perotti, R. (2003). “Fiscal Policy and Monetary Integration in Europe”. Economic Policy, 18, 533–572.
  • Gassebner, M., Keck, A. ve Teh, R. (2008). “Shaken, not Stirred: the Impact of Disasters on International Trade”. Review of International Economics, 18(2), 351-368.
  • Haan, J. ve Sturm, J.-E. (1994). “Political and Institutional Determinants of Fiscal Policy in the European Community”. Public Choice, 80, 157 - 172.
  • Hallerberg, M. ve Von Hagen, J. (1999). “Electoral Institutions, Cabinet Negotiations, and Budget Deficits within the European Union”. Fiscal institutions and fiscal performance, (Ed: In Poterba, J., ve Von Hagen, J.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Hallerberg, M., Von Hagen, J. ve Strauch, R. (2004). “The Design of Fiscal Rules and Forms of Governance in European Union Countries”. ECB Working Paper Series, No. 419.
  • Heger, M. ve Julca, A. O. (2008). “Paddison, Analysing the Impact of Natural Hazards in Small Economies: The Caribbean Case”. UNU/WIDER Research Paper.
  • Heipertz, M. ve Nickel, C. (2008). “Climate Change Brings Stormy Days: Case Studies on the Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Public Finances”. In Fiscal Sustainability, Analytical Developments and Emerging Policy, 3–5.
  • Javid, Y., Arif, A. U. ve Arif, A. (2011), “Economic, Political and Institutional Determinants of Budget Deficits Volatility in Selected Asian Countries”. The Pakistan Development Review, 50(4), 649 - 662.
  • Kahn, M. E., Mohaddes, K., Pesaran, M. H., Raissi, M. ve Yang, J.C. (2019). “Long-Term Macroeconomic Effects of Climate Change: A Cross-Country Analysis”. Nber Working Paper Series, 26167.
  • Kaya, M. G. ve Öz, E. (2016). “Enaflasyon, Bütçe Açığı ve Para Arzı İlişkisinin Türkiye Ekonomisi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: 1980-2014 Dönemi”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 23(3),639-651.
  • Kutasi, G. (2011). Modeling the Fiscal Impacts Caused by Climate Change. In: 3rd International Scientific Conference: Sustainable Development, 10-11 June 2011, Ravda, Bulgaria.
  • Lis, E. M. ve Nickel, C. (2010). “The Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Budget Balances”. Int Tax Public Finance, 17,378–399.
  • Mirza, M. M. Q. (2003). “Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events: Can Developing Countries Adapt?”. Climate Policy, 3, 233-248.
  • Morgan Stanley (2020). Climate Change Investment Risk and Bonds. (19.11.2020), https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/ bondholders-to-companies-lets-talk-climate-change
  • Munich Re (2013). “Natural Catastrophes 2012 Analyses, Assessments, Positions”. NatCatService Topics Geo, 2013 Issue, 49-55.
  • Munich Re (2020a). “Factsheet Natural Catastrophes in 2019”. January 2020. (19.11.2020), https://www.munichre.com/content/dam/munichre/global/content-pieces/documents/media-relations/Factsheet-natural-disasters-2019.pdf/_jcr_content/renditions/original./Factsheet-natural-disasters-2019.pdf.
  • Munich Re (2020b). “Natural Disaster Risks: Losses are Trending Upwards”. (08.10.2020), https://www.munichre.com/en/risks/natural-disasters-losses-are-trending-upwards.html#-1624621007
  • Murlidharan, T. L. ve Shah, H. C. (2001). “Catastrophes and Macro-Economic Risk Factors: An Empirical Study, in: Proceedings of the Conference on 'Integrated Disaster Risk Management: Reducing Socio-Economic Vulnerability”. Laxenburg, Austria, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).
  • Natural Research Council (1999). “The Impacts of Natural Disasters: A Framework for Loss Estimation”. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
  • Nordhaus, W. D. ve Boyer, J. (2000). “Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming”. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Noy, I. ve Nualsri, A. (2007). “What Do Exogenous Shocks Tell Us About Growth Theories?”. University of Hawaii Economics Working paper, 07-28.
  • Noy, I. ve Nualsri, A. (2008). “Fiscal Storms: Public Spending and Revenues in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters”. University of Hawaii Working Paper.
  • Noy, I. (2009). “The Macroeconomic Consequences of Disasters”. Journal of Development Economics, 88, 221–231.
  • Pelling, M., Özedem, A. ve Barakat, S. (2002). “The Macro-Economic Impact of Disasters”. Progress in Development Studies, 2,4, 283-305.
  • Phaup, M. ve Kirschner, C. (2010). “Budgeting for Disasters: Focusing on the Good Times”. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 2010/1.
  • Raddatz, C. (2007). “Are External Shocks Responsible for the Instability of Output in Low-Income Countries?”. Journal of Development Economics, 84, 155–187.
  • Roubini, N. ve Sachs, J. (1989). “Political and Economic Determinants of Budget Deficits in the Industrial Democracies”. European Economic Review, 33 (5), 903 - 938.
  • Schuknecht, L. (1999). “Fiscal Policy Cycles and the Exchange Rate Regime in Developing Countries”. European Journal of Political Economy, 15, 569–580.
  • Scott – Joseph, A. (2010). “Financing Recovery: Implications of Natural Disaster Indebtedness on the Fiscal Sustainability of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Unit (ECCU)”. Journal of Business, Finance and Economics in Emerging Economies, 5(2),2 – 36.
  • Skidmore,M. ve Toya, H. (2002). “Do Natural Disasters Promote Long-Run Growth?”. Economic Inquiry, 40(4), 664–687.
  • Stern N. ve Michael J. (2006). “The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review”. (16.04.2020), http://mudancasclimaticas.cptec.inpe.br/rmclima/pdfs/destaques/sternreview_report_complete.pdf.
  • Stern, N. (2007). The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. 1st. Ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres.
  • Strömberg, D. (2007). “Natural Disasters, Economic Development, and Humanitarian Aid”. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(3), 199–222.
  • Tujula, M. ve Wolswijk, G. (2007). “Budget Balances in OECD Countries: What Makes Them Change?”. Empirica, 34, 1–14.
  • Volkerink, B. ve Haan, J. (2001). “Fragmented Government Effects on Fiscal Policy: New Evidence”. Public Choice, 109, 221 - 242.
  • Woo, J. (2003). “Economic, Political, and Institutional Determinants of Public Deficits”. Journal of Public Economics, 87 (3 – 4), 387 - 426.
  • World Bank, (2004). Understanding the Economic and Financial Impacts of Natural Disasters. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC 20433.
  • World Bank, (2020). Disaster Risk Management. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disasterriskmanagement/overview
  • Xu, J., Wang, Z., Shen, F., Ouyang F. ve Yan Tu (2016). “Natural Disasters and Social Conflict: A Systematic Literature Review”. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 17, 38-48.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2013). İleri Panel Veri Analizi Stata Uygulamaları, 2. Baskı, Beta Yayınevi, İstanbul.

THE EFFECT OF NATURAL DISASTERS ON BUDGET DEFICITS IN OECD COUNTRIES: DYNAMIC PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 43, 303 - 318, 23.03.2021

Nazlı Keyifli

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.829833
Cited By: 1

Öz

This study aims to analyze empirically the impact of natural disasters caused by climate changes on budget deficits. The study on 34 OECD countries covers the period 2000-2018. The results of the study obtained by employing two-stage system GMM analysis reveal public debt, foreign trade, GDP growth, and total loss costs of natural disasters affect the budget deficits statistically significantly and positively, while population density negatively affects the population density; however, there is no statistically significant relationship between inflation and budget deficits.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Natural Disasters Budget Deficits Panel Data

Kaynakça

  • Akar, S. (2013). “Doğal Afetlerin Kamu Maliyesine ve Makroekonomiye Etkileri: Türkiye Değerlendirmesi”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21, 185-206.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991). “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations”. Review of Economic Studies, 58, 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bover, O. (1995). “Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models”. Journal of Econometrics, 68, 29-51.
  • Başoğlu, A. (2014). “Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Ekonomik Etkileri”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7, 175-195.
  • Benali, N., Abdelkafi, I. ve Feki, R. (2018). “Natural-Disaster Shocks and Government's Behavior: Evidence from Middle Income Countries”. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 27, 1-16.
  • Benson, C. (1997). “The Economic Impact of Natural Disasters in Vietnam”. Overseas Development Institute, Working Paper 98.
  • Berke, B., Temz, D. ve Karakurt, E. (2015). “Üçüz Açık ve Türkiye İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 10(2),67-89.
  • Berlemann, M. ve Wenzel, D. (2015). “Long-Term Growth Effects of Natural Disasters-Empirical Evidence for Droughts”. CESifo Working Paper No. 5598.
  • Blundell, R. ve Bond, S. (1998). “Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models”. Journal of Econometrics, 87, 115-143.
  • CEPS & ZEW (2010). “The Fiscal Implication of Climate Change Adaptation”. Final Report No: ECFIN/E/2008/008.
  • Dalyop, G. T. (2017). “Determinants of Fiscal Deficit in Conflict-affected States in Africa”. The International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, 12(4),69 – 95.
  • Dayton-Johnson, J. (2006). “Natural Disaster and Vulnerability”. OECD Development Centre Policy Brief, No. 29.
  • ECLAC, (1991). “Manual For Estimating The Socio – Economic Effects of Natural Disasters”. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America And The Caribbean Programme Planning And Operations Division.
  • EM-DAT (2008). The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database Universite Catholique de Louvain-Brussels-Belgium, (11.10.2020), http://www.emdat.be/Database/terms.html.
  • Ferreira, S. ve Cuñado, J. (2011). “The Macroeconomic Impacts of Natural Disasters: the Case of Floods”. Land Econ., 90 (1),149–168.
  • Gali, J. ve Perotti, R. (2003). “Fiscal Policy and Monetary Integration in Europe”. Economic Policy, 18, 533–572.
  • Gassebner, M., Keck, A. ve Teh, R. (2008). “Shaken, not Stirred: the Impact of Disasters on International Trade”. Review of International Economics, 18(2), 351-368.
  • Haan, J. ve Sturm, J.-E. (1994). “Political and Institutional Determinants of Fiscal Policy in the European Community”. Public Choice, 80, 157 - 172.
  • Hallerberg, M. ve Von Hagen, J. (1999). “Electoral Institutions, Cabinet Negotiations, and Budget Deficits within the European Union”. Fiscal institutions and fiscal performance, (Ed: In Poterba, J., ve Von Hagen, J.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Hallerberg, M., Von Hagen, J. ve Strauch, R. (2004). “The Design of Fiscal Rules and Forms of Governance in European Union Countries”. ECB Working Paper Series, No. 419.
  • Heger, M. ve Julca, A. O. (2008). “Paddison, Analysing the Impact of Natural Hazards in Small Economies: The Caribbean Case”. UNU/WIDER Research Paper.
  • Heipertz, M. ve Nickel, C. (2008). “Climate Change Brings Stormy Days: Case Studies on the Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Public Finances”. In Fiscal Sustainability, Analytical Developments and Emerging Policy, 3–5.
  • Javid, Y., Arif, A. U. ve Arif, A. (2011), “Economic, Political and Institutional Determinants of Budget Deficits Volatility in Selected Asian Countries”. The Pakistan Development Review, 50(4), 649 - 662.
  • Kahn, M. E., Mohaddes, K., Pesaran, M. H., Raissi, M. ve Yang, J.C. (2019). “Long-Term Macroeconomic Effects of Climate Change: A Cross-Country Analysis”. Nber Working Paper Series, 26167.
  • Kaya, M. G. ve Öz, E. (2016). “Enaflasyon, Bütçe Açığı ve Para Arzı İlişkisinin Türkiye Ekonomisi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: 1980-2014 Dönemi”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 23(3),639-651.
  • Kutasi, G. (2011). Modeling the Fiscal Impacts Caused by Climate Change. In: 3rd International Scientific Conference: Sustainable Development, 10-11 June 2011, Ravda, Bulgaria.
  • Lis, E. M. ve Nickel, C. (2010). “The Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Budget Balances”. Int Tax Public Finance, 17,378–399.
  • Mirza, M. M. Q. (2003). “Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events: Can Developing Countries Adapt?”. Climate Policy, 3, 233-248.
  • Morgan Stanley (2020). Climate Change Investment Risk and Bonds. (19.11.2020), https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/ bondholders-to-companies-lets-talk-climate-change
  • Munich Re (2013). “Natural Catastrophes 2012 Analyses, Assessments, Positions”. NatCatService Topics Geo, 2013 Issue, 49-55.
  • Munich Re (2020a). “Factsheet Natural Catastrophes in 2019”. January 2020. (19.11.2020), https://www.munichre.com/content/dam/munichre/global/content-pieces/documents/media-relations/Factsheet-natural-disasters-2019.pdf/_jcr_content/renditions/original./Factsheet-natural-disasters-2019.pdf.
  • Munich Re (2020b). “Natural Disaster Risks: Losses are Trending Upwards”. (08.10.2020), https://www.munichre.com/en/risks/natural-disasters-losses-are-trending-upwards.html#-1624621007
  • Murlidharan, T. L. ve Shah, H. C. (2001). “Catastrophes and Macro-Economic Risk Factors: An Empirical Study, in: Proceedings of the Conference on 'Integrated Disaster Risk Management: Reducing Socio-Economic Vulnerability”. Laxenburg, Austria, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).
  • Natural Research Council (1999). “The Impacts of Natural Disasters: A Framework for Loss Estimation”. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
  • Nordhaus, W. D. ve Boyer, J. (2000). “Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming”. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Noy, I. ve Nualsri, A. (2007). “What Do Exogenous Shocks Tell Us About Growth Theories?”. University of Hawaii Economics Working paper, 07-28.
  • Noy, I. ve Nualsri, A. (2008). “Fiscal Storms: Public Spending and Revenues in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters”. University of Hawaii Working Paper.
  • Noy, I. (2009). “The Macroeconomic Consequences of Disasters”. Journal of Development Economics, 88, 221–231.
  • Pelling, M., Özedem, A. ve Barakat, S. (2002). “The Macro-Economic Impact of Disasters”. Progress in Development Studies, 2,4, 283-305.
  • Phaup, M. ve Kirschner, C. (2010). “Budgeting for Disasters: Focusing on the Good Times”. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 2010/1.
  • Raddatz, C. (2007). “Are External Shocks Responsible for the Instability of Output in Low-Income Countries?”. Journal of Development Economics, 84, 155–187.
  • Roubini, N. ve Sachs, J. (1989). “Political and Economic Determinants of Budget Deficits in the Industrial Democracies”. European Economic Review, 33 (5), 903 - 938.
  • Schuknecht, L. (1999). “Fiscal Policy Cycles and the Exchange Rate Regime in Developing Countries”. European Journal of Political Economy, 15, 569–580.
  • Scott – Joseph, A. (2010). “Financing Recovery: Implications of Natural Disaster Indebtedness on the Fiscal Sustainability of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Unit (ECCU)”. Journal of Business, Finance and Economics in Emerging Economies, 5(2),2 – 36.
  • Skidmore,M. ve Toya, H. (2002). “Do Natural Disasters Promote Long-Run Growth?”. Economic Inquiry, 40(4), 664–687.
  • Stern N. ve Michael J. (2006). “The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review”. (16.04.2020), http://mudancasclimaticas.cptec.inpe.br/rmclima/pdfs/destaques/sternreview_report_complete.pdf.
  • Stern, N. (2007). The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. 1st. Ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres.
  • Strömberg, D. (2007). “Natural Disasters, Economic Development, and Humanitarian Aid”. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(3), 199–222.
  • Tujula, M. ve Wolswijk, G. (2007). “Budget Balances in OECD Countries: What Makes Them Change?”. Empirica, 34, 1–14.
  • Volkerink, B. ve Haan, J. (2001). “Fragmented Government Effects on Fiscal Policy: New Evidence”. Public Choice, 109, 221 - 242.
  • Woo, J. (2003). “Economic, Political, and Institutional Determinants of Public Deficits”. Journal of Public Economics, 87 (3 – 4), 387 - 426.
  • World Bank, (2004). Understanding the Economic and Financial Impacts of Natural Disasters. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC 20433.
  • World Bank, (2020). Disaster Risk Management. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disasterriskmanagement/overview
  • Xu, J., Wang, Z., Shen, F., Ouyang F. ve Yan Tu (2016). “Natural Disasters and Social Conflict: A Systematic Literature Review”. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 17, 38-48.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2013). İleri Panel Veri Analizi Stata Uygulamaları, 2. Baskı, Beta Yayınevi, İstanbul.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nazlı Keyifli 0000-0002-0589-8089

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Mart 2021
Kabul Tarihi 22 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 43

Kaynak Göster

APA Keyifli, N. (2021). OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞAL AFETLERİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(43), 303-318. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.829833
AMA Keyifli N. OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞAL AFETLERİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. PAUSBED. Mart 2021;(43):303-318. doi:10.30794/pausbed.829833
Chicago Keyifli, Nazlı. “OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞAL AFETLERİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 43 (Mart 2021): 303-18. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.829833.
EndNote Keyifli N (01 Mart 2021) OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞAL AFETLERİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 43 303–318.
IEEE N. Keyifli, “OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞAL AFETLERİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”, PAUSBED, sy. 43, ss. 303–318, Mart 2021, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.829833.
ISNAD Keyifli, Nazlı. “OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞAL AFETLERİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 43 (Mart 2021), 303-318. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.829833.
JAMA Keyifli N. OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞAL AFETLERİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. PAUSBED. 2021;:303–318.
MLA Keyifli, Nazlı. “OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞAL AFETLERİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 43, 2021, ss. 303-18, doi:10.30794/pausbed.829833.
Vancouver Keyifli N. OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞAL AFETLERİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. PAUSBED. 2021(43):303-18.

Cited By

TÜRKİYE’DE YAŞANAN DOĞA KAYNAKLI AFETLERİN SOSYO-EKONOMİK ETKİLERİ
Afet ve Risk Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1032084
 Kapak Resmi İndir