KOLOMBİYA BAĞLAMINDA ÇATIŞMA DÖNEMİ EKONOMİLERİNİN ÇATIŞMANIN ŞİDDETLENMESİ, TERÖRLE MÜCADELE VE BARIŞ SÜRECİNE ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 56, 297 - 308, 22.05.2023

E. Nur Sezek Yelda Yenel Başar Baysal

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1170296

Öz

Çatışma ekonomileri silahlı grupların ekonomik gelir elde etmek için oluşturdukları yapılardır. Uyuşturucu madde üretimi ve ticareti ya da kaçak maden işletmesi gibi sömürülebilir kaynaklara yönelen bu ekonomiler sivilleri de içerisine alan yapılar olarak ortaya çıktığında çatışma ve barış dönemlerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedirler. Silahlı örgütler bu yapılar sayesinde materyal güçlerini arttırırken, sivillerin bu yapılara dahil olmaları silahlı örgütlere destek vermelerine ve örgütlerin meşruiyet kazanmalarına yol açmaktadır. Bu faaliyetlerden gelir elden eden siviller terörle mücadelede devlet ile işbirliği yapmaktan geri durmakta; bu durum da terörle mücadeleyi sekteye uğratmaktadır. Barış döneminde ise bu ekonomilere dahil gruplar barışın uygulanmasına ayak diremekte, farklı silahlı grupların silah bırakan örgütün yarattığı boşluğu doldurmaya çalışmaları şiddetin dönüşmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma Kolombiya çatışma ve barış sürecine odaklanarak belirtilen bu yapıların etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çatışma Dönemi Ekonomisi, Silahlı Çatışma, Terörizm, Kolombiya, FARC.

IMPACT OF WARTIME ECONOMIES ON ESCALATION OF CONFLICT, COUNTER-TERRORISM AND PEACE PROCESS IN COLOMBIA

Öz

Wartime economies are structures created by armed groups to generate economic income. When these economies, which usually focus on exploitable resources such as cocaine production or illegal mining, include civilians, they adversely affect periods of conflict and peace. While armed organizations increase their material power thanks to these structures, the inclusion of civilians in these structures make them support armed organizations and these armed groups gain legitimacy. Civilians who profit from these activities also refuse to cooperate with the state in the fight against terrorism and this situation hinders the counter-terrorism efforts of the state. In peacetime, groups included in these economies resist the implementation of peace, and the efforts of different armed groups to fill the gap created by the organization that laid down their arms, leads to a transformation of violence. This study aims to examine the effects of these structures by focusing on the Colombian conflict and peace process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wartime Economy, Armed Conflict, Terrorism, Colombia, FARC.

Kaynakça

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