AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NİN ULUSAL GÜVENLİK STRATEJİSİ VE ORTA DOĞU: TRUMP VE BİDEN DÖNEMLERİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR İNCELEME
Öz
Bu makale Trump ve Biden dönemleri ulusal güvenlik stratejilerinde Orta Doğu’nun yerini ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Bir bölge olarak Orta Doğu, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) ulusal güvenliği açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. ABD’nin dış politikasının şekillenmesinde ulusal güvenlik stratejisi belirleyici olmaktadır. Bu açıdan ulusal güvenlik stratejisi de ABD’nin bölgeye yönelik politikasında önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışma Trump ve Biden dönemi ulusal güvenlik stratejilerinin Orta Doğu’ya ilişkin yaklaşımlarını karşılaştırmalı bir perspektiften ele alacaktır. Obama döneminden itibaren başlayan Orta Doğu’da askeri varlığı azaltma çabaları Trump ve Biden dönemlerinde devam etmiştir. Ancak ABD, bölgedeki askeri varlığını ve güvenlik taahhütlerini sürdürmeye çalışmıştır. Trump ve Biden dönemi ulusal güvenlik stratejilerinin bazı konularda farklılaşması ABD'nin bu dönemlerde bölgeye yönelik politikasını da etkilemiştir. Bu bakımdan çalışma, Trump döneminde Orta Doğu’nun geleneksel güvenlik anlayışı çerçevesinde ele alındığını Biden döneminde ise yeni güvenlik/tehdit anlayışı açısından Orta Doğu’nun ulusal güvenlik stratejisinde yer edindiğini ileri sürmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışma etik kurul onayı gerektirmemektedir.
Kaynakça
- Baldwin, D. A. (1997). “The Concept of Security”, Review of International Studies, 23.
- Barnes, J. ve Barron, R. (2018). Trump Policy in the Middle East: Iran, 3/12, Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy, Houston.
- Biden, J. R. (2020, 20 Ocak). Why America Must Lead Again. Foreign Affairs.
- Boys, J. D. (2021). “All Change in the White House? Trump’s Legacy and Biden’s Challenges,” Political Insight, 12/1.
- Clarke, M. ve Ricketts, A. (2017). “Donald Trump and American Foreign Policy: The Return of the Jacksonian Tradition”, Comparative Strategy, 36/4, doi: 10.1080/01495933.2017.1361210.
- Culberston, S., Shatz, H. J. ve Stewart, S. (2022). Renewing U.S. Security Policy in the Middle East, Research Report, RAND Corporation.
- Davis, N. H. (1924). “American Foreign Policy: A Democratic View”, Foreign Affairs, 3/1.
- Dombrowski, P. ve Reich, S. (2017). “Does Donald Trump Have a Grand Strategy?”, International Affairs, 93/5, doi: 10.1093/ia/iix161.
- Edwards, J. A. (2018). “Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World”, Communication Quarterly, 66/2, doi: 10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485.
- Ettinger, A. (2023). “Truman Redux? Biden’s National Security Strategy”, Survival, 65/2.
- Ettinger, A. (2018). “Trump’s National Security Strategy: “America First” Meets the Establishment”, International Journal, 73/3.
- Friedman, B. ve Sela, O. (2023). “Sino–American Relations and the ‘new Cold War’: A Useful Analogy for the Middle East?”, Global Policy, 14, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13134.
- Gause III, F. G. (2023). “The Trump Administration and the Middle East: Not Much Change, Not Much Success”, (Ed: R. Jervis, D. N. Labrosse, S. E. Goddard ve J. Rovner), Chaos Reconsidered: The Liberal Order and The Future of International Politics, Columbia University Press, New York.
- Gause III, F. G. (2019). “Should We Stay or Should We Go? The United States and the Middle East”, Survival, 61/5, doi: 10.1080/00396338.2019.1662114.
- Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act. (1 October 1986). Public Law 99-433, 99th Congress, 100 STAT. 993.
- Gündüz, O. ve Göçoğlu, V. (2020). “Ulusal Güvenlik Politikası Çerçevesinde ABD’nin Güvenlik Anlayışına Kronolojik Bir Bakış”, OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15/21.
- Hermann, Charles F. (1909). "Defining National Security”, American Defense Policy, 19. Interim National Security Strategic Guidance. (2021). The White House.
- Jeffrey, J. F. (2021). “The Trump Foreign Policy Legacy in the Middle East”, Turkish Policy Quarterly, 19/4.
- Kirchner, J. (2006). “Globalization and National Security. (Ed: J. Kirchner), Globalization and National Security, Routledge, London.
- Morgan, P. (2007). “Security in International Politics: Traditional Approaches”, (Ed: A. Collins), Contemporary Security Studies, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- National Security Strategy of United States of America. (2017). The White House.
- National Security Strategy. (2022). The White House.
- Pfiffner, J. P. (2018). “The Contemporary Presidency: Organizing the Trump Presidency”, Presidential Studies Quarterly, 48/1.
- Rubenzer, T. (2017). Today’s Foreign Policy Issues: Democrats and Republicans, ABC-CLIO, California.
- Sarkesian, S. C., Williams, J. A. ve Cimbal, S. J. (2008). US National Security: Policymakers, Processes & Politics, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder.
- Shifrinson, J. ve Wertheim, S. (2021, 9 Eylül). “Biden the Realist”, Foreign Affairs.
- Snow, D. M. (2017). National Security, Routledge, New York.
- Stocker, J. R. (2023). One Eye on the Rearview Mirror: The Middle East from Trump to Biden. (Ed: R. Jervis, D. N. Labrosse, S. E. Goddard ve J. Rovner), Chaos Reconsidered: The Liberal Order and the Future of International Politics, Columbia University Press, New York.
- Sullivan, J. (2023). “The Sources of American Power: A Foreign Policy for a Changed World”, Foreign Affairs.
- Walt, S. (1991). “The Renaissance of Security Studies”, International Studies Quarterly, 35/2.
- Yom, S. (2020). “US Foreign Policy in the Middle East: The Logic of Hegemonic Retreat”, Global Policy, 11/1.
NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE MIDDLE EAST: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TRUMP AND BIDEN ADMINISTRATIONS
Öz
This article examines the role of the Middle East in the national security strategies of the Trump and Biden administrations. The Middle East is central to the United States (US) national security agenda. The national security strategy plays a decisive role in shaping US foreign policy towards the region. This study analyzes the national security strategies of the Trump and Biden administrations in the Middle East with comparative method. Despite efforts to reduce military presence that began during the Obama administration, the US has maintained its military presence and security commitments in the region in Trump and Biden administrations. The divergence of their national security strategies on some issues has also impacted the US policy towards the region during these periods. The study asserts that, during the Trump era, the Middle East was addressed within the confines of the traditional security approach, whereas during the Biden era, the Middle East was incorporated into the national security strategy in accordance with the new understanding of security and threats.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Baldwin, D. A. (1997). “The Concept of Security”, Review of International Studies, 23.
- Barnes, J. ve Barron, R. (2018). Trump Policy in the Middle East: Iran, 3/12, Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy, Houston.
- Biden, J. R. (2020, 20 Ocak). Why America Must Lead Again. Foreign Affairs.
- Boys, J. D. (2021). “All Change in the White House? Trump’s Legacy and Biden’s Challenges,” Political Insight, 12/1.
- Clarke, M. ve Ricketts, A. (2017). “Donald Trump and American Foreign Policy: The Return of the Jacksonian Tradition”, Comparative Strategy, 36/4, doi: 10.1080/01495933.2017.1361210.
- Culberston, S., Shatz, H. J. ve Stewart, S. (2022). Renewing U.S. Security Policy in the Middle East, Research Report, RAND Corporation.
- Davis, N. H. (1924). “American Foreign Policy: A Democratic View”, Foreign Affairs, 3/1.
- Dombrowski, P. ve Reich, S. (2017). “Does Donald Trump Have a Grand Strategy?”, International Affairs, 93/5, doi: 10.1093/ia/iix161.
- Edwards, J. A. (2018). “Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World”, Communication Quarterly, 66/2, doi: 10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485.
- Ettinger, A. (2023). “Truman Redux? Biden’s National Security Strategy”, Survival, 65/2.
- Ettinger, A. (2018). “Trump’s National Security Strategy: “America First” Meets the Establishment”, International Journal, 73/3.
- Friedman, B. ve Sela, O. (2023). “Sino–American Relations and the ‘new Cold War’: A Useful Analogy for the Middle East?”, Global Policy, 14, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13134.
- Gause III, F. G. (2023). “The Trump Administration and the Middle East: Not Much Change, Not Much Success”, (Ed: R. Jervis, D. N. Labrosse, S. E. Goddard ve J. Rovner), Chaos Reconsidered: The Liberal Order and The Future of International Politics, Columbia University Press, New York.
- Gause III, F. G. (2019). “Should We Stay or Should We Go? The United States and the Middle East”, Survival, 61/5, doi: 10.1080/00396338.2019.1662114.
- Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act. (1 October 1986). Public Law 99-433, 99th Congress, 100 STAT. 993.
- Gündüz, O. ve Göçoğlu, V. (2020). “Ulusal Güvenlik Politikası Çerçevesinde ABD’nin Güvenlik Anlayışına Kronolojik Bir Bakış”, OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15/21.
- Hermann, Charles F. (1909). "Defining National Security”, American Defense Policy, 19. Interim National Security Strategic Guidance. (2021). The White House.
- Jeffrey, J. F. (2021). “The Trump Foreign Policy Legacy in the Middle East”, Turkish Policy Quarterly, 19/4.
- Kirchner, J. (2006). “Globalization and National Security. (Ed: J. Kirchner), Globalization and National Security, Routledge, London.
- Morgan, P. (2007). “Security in International Politics: Traditional Approaches”, (Ed: A. Collins), Contemporary Security Studies, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- National Security Strategy of United States of America. (2017). The White House.
- National Security Strategy. (2022). The White House.
- Pfiffner, J. P. (2018). “The Contemporary Presidency: Organizing the Trump Presidency”, Presidential Studies Quarterly, 48/1.
- Rubenzer, T. (2017). Today’s Foreign Policy Issues: Democrats and Republicans, ABC-CLIO, California.
- Sarkesian, S. C., Williams, J. A. ve Cimbal, S. J. (2008). US National Security: Policymakers, Processes & Politics, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder.
- Shifrinson, J. ve Wertheim, S. (2021, 9 Eylül). “Biden the Realist”, Foreign Affairs.
- Snow, D. M. (2017). National Security, Routledge, New York.
- Stocker, J. R. (2023). One Eye on the Rearview Mirror: The Middle East from Trump to Biden. (Ed: R. Jervis, D. N. Labrosse, S. E. Goddard ve J. Rovner), Chaos Reconsidered: The Liberal Order and the Future of International Politics, Columbia University Press, New York.
- Sullivan, J. (2023). “The Sources of American Power: A Foreign Policy for a Changed World”, Foreign Affairs.
- Walt, S. (1991). “The Renaissance of Security Studies”, International Studies Quarterly, 35/2.
- Yom, S. (2020). “US Foreign Policy in the Middle East: The Logic of Hegemonic Retreat”, Global Policy, 11/1.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Uluslararası Siyaset |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 22 Temmuz 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 22 Temmuz 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 15 Temmuz 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Sayı: 63 |
Kaynak Göster
- Makale Dosyaları