SOSYAL KARŞILAŞTIRMA KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA NARSİSİZM VE İMRENMENİN TURİSTLERİN ÖZÇEKİM FOTOĞRAFLARINI PAYLAŞMALARINA ETKİSİ

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 2024, 339 - 349

Züleyhan Baran , Şükran Karaca

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1464073

Öz

Turizm, toplumsal bir uğraş olarak, teknoloji ve iletişim araçlarındaki gelişmelerden önemli ölçüde etkilenerek kişilerarası etkileşimi kolaylaştıran sosyal bir faaliyet olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Akıllı teknolojilerin yaygın entegrasyonu ve sürekli evrilen sosyal medya platformları, turistik deneyimlerin hızlı bir şekilde yayılmasını temel bir şekilde değiştirmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu araştırma, sosyal karşılaştırma kuramı çerçevesinde özçekimler olarak bilinen selfie'lerin sosyal medya platformlarında paylaşılma eğilimini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, 533 katılımcıdan çevrimiçi anket aracılığıyla veriler toplanmış ve veriler Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi kapsamında Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Yol Analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; narsisizm ve kıskançlık duygusunun turistlerin sosyal medya platformlarında selfie paylaşma eğilimlerini olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara dayanarak, çalışma turizm paydaşları için etkili stratejilerin geliştirilmesine ilişkin öneriler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: Sosyal karşılaştırma teorisi, Özçekim, Sosyal medya, Narsisizm, İmrenme

NARCISSISM AND ENVY'S EFFECT ON TOURISTS SHARING SELFIE IN SOCIAL COMPARISON THEORY APPROACH

Öz

Tourism, as a social endeavor, has been significantly influenced by advancements in technology and communication tools, thereby facilitating interpersonal interactions as a social activity. The widespread integration of smart technologies and the continually evolving social media platforms have fundamentally altered the rapid dissemination of tourist experiences. Consequently, this research aims to examine the tendency to share selfies on social media platforms within the framework of social comparison theory. Data were collected from 533 participants through an online survey and were subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Path Analysis within the framework of Structural Equation Modeling. The analyses revealed that narcissism and envy positively impact tourists' tendencies to share selfies on social media platforms. Based on these findings, the study offers recommendations for developing effective strategies for tourism stakeholders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social comparison theory, Selfie, Social media, Narcissism, Envy

Etik Beyan

During the writing process of the study titled "Narcissism and Envy's Effect on Tourists Sharing Selfie in Social Comparison Theory Approach" scientific rules and ethical and citation standards were followed. No manipulation was made on the collected data, and this study has not been submitted to any other academic publication for evaluation.

Kaynakça

• Ahrens, A. H., & Alloy, L. B. (1997). Social comparison processes in depression. In J. Suls & T. A. Wills (Eds.), Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (389–410). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc
• APA (American Psychiatric Association). (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (revised 4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
• Aylan, S. (2020). Seyahat acentelerinin sosyal medya paylaşımlarının göstergebilimsel analizi: Konya ili örneği. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 7(4), 689-714.
• Baniqued, G. L. P. (2019). The relationship between narcissism, worker relations, and social media use among telecommunication company's employees in Laguna. Doctoral dissertation. University of Santo Tomas
• Baran, H. (2020). Teknolojik gelişim ve sayısal bir medyum olarak sanat ve tasarım. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 6 (13), 36-45
• Baran, H. (2021). Sanal gerçeklikte deneyimlenebilir konsept tasarım ve animasyon uygulamaları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sanat Yazıları Dergisi, 44 (1), 89-114
• Baran, Z. & Karaca, Ş. (2022). Narsisizm ve İmrenmenin Turistlerin Özçekim Fotoğraflarını Paylaşmalarına Etkisi, Latin Amerika 4th International Conference on Scıentific Researches, Mexico City
• Bogart, L. M., & Helgeson, V. S. (2000). Social comparisons among women with breast cancer: A longitudinal investigation 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(3), 547-575.
• Buunk, B. P., Collins, R. L., Taylor, S. E., VanYperen, N. W., & Dakof, G. A. (1990). The affective consequences of social comparison: either direction has its ups and downs. Journal of personality and social psychology, 59(6), 1238.
• Buunk, B. P., Van der Zee, K., & VanYperen, N. W. (2001). Neuroticism and social comparison orientation as moderators of affective responses to social comparison at work. Journal of personality, 69(5), 745-762.
• Chae, J. (2017). Virtual makeover: Selfie-taking and social media use increase selfie-editing frequency through social comparison. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 370-376.
• Crocker, J., Thompson, L. L., McGraw, K. M., & Ingerman, C. (1987). Downward comparison, prejudice, and evaluations of others: effects of self-esteem and threat. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(5), 907.
• Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the narcissistic personality inventory\. Journal of personality assessment, 48(3), 291-300.
• Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: theory and measurement. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(1), 11.
• George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Pearson.
• Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 76(1), 129.
• Goffman, E. (1959). The moral career of the mental patient. Psychiatry, 22(2), 123-142.
• Gong, W. (2016). Profiling social media users with selective self-disclosure behavior. Singapore Management University (Singapore).
• Grewal, L., Stephen, A. T., & Coleman, N. V. (2019). When posting about products on social media backfirs: the negative effects of consumer identity signaling on product interest. J. Mark. Res. 56, 197–210.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Halpern, D., Valenzuela, S., & Katz, J. E. (2016). “Selfie-ists” or “Narci-selfiers”?: A cross-lagged panel analysis of selfie taking and narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 98-101.
• Hancock, J. T., & Toma, C. L. (2009). Putting your best face forward: The accuracy of online dating photographs. Journal of Communication, 59(2), 367-386.
• Jansson, A. (2018). Rethinking post-tourism in the age of social media. Ann. Touris. Res. 69, 101–110.
• Kanwal, N., & Isha, A. S. N. (2022). The moderating effects of social media activities on the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and health and wellbeing: a case study of the oil and gas industry in Malaysia. Frontiers in Public Health, 10
• Kim, J., & Fesenmaier, D.R. (2017). Sharing tourism experiences: The posttrip experience. Journal of travel research, 56(1), 28-40
• Kim, E., Lee, J. A., Sung, Y., & Choi, S. M. (2016). Predicting selfie-posting behavior on social networking sites: An extension of theory of planned behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 116-123.
• Kim, K. S., Yoo‐Lee, E., & Joanna Sin, S. C. (2011). Social media as information source: Undergraduates' use and evaluation behavior. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 48(1), 1-3.
• Kim, J., & Tussyadiah, I.P. (2013). Social networking and social support in tourism experience: The moderating role of online self-presentation strategies. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1-2), 78-92.
• Larsen, J. (2008). Practices and flows of digital photography: An ethnographic framework. Mobilities 3(1), 141-160
• Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R.M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological bulletin, 107(1), 34.
• Lo, I. S., & McKercher, B. (2015). Ideal image in process: Online tourist photography and impression management. Annals of Tourism Research, 52, 104-116.
• Locke, K. D., & Nekich, J. C. (2000). Agency and communion in naturalistic social comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(7), 864-874.
• Lund, N. F., Scarles, C., & Cohen, S.A. (2020). The brand value continuum: Countering co-destruction of destination branding in social media through storytelling. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1506-1521.
• Lyu, S.O. (2016). Travel selfies on social media as objectified self-presentation. Tourism Management, 54, 185-195
• O’Day, E. B., & Heimberg, R. G. (2021). Social media use, social anxiety, and loneliness: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3, 100070
• Oxford Dictionaries. (2013). Selfie. Received address: http://www.oxforddictionaries. com/definition/english/selfie (Received date: 10.10.2022)
• Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological reports. 45, 590.
• Raskin, R., & Novacek, J. (1989). An MMPI description of the narcissistic personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53(1), 66-80.
• Rosenberg, J., & Egbert, N. (2011). Online impression management: Personality traits and concerns for secondary goals as predictors of self-presentation tactics on Facebook. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 17(1), 1-18.
• Rui, J., & Stefanone, M. A. (2013). Strategic self-presentation online: A cross-cultural study. Computers in human behavior, 29(1), 110-118.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
• Taylor, D. G. (2020). Putting the “self” in selfies: how narcissism, envy and self-promotion motivate sharing of travel photos through social media, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37(1), 64-77.
• Taylor, D., & Strutton, D. (2016). Does Facebook usage lead to conspicuous consumption? The role of envy, narcissism and self-promotion. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 10(3), 231-248.
• VanderZee, K., Buunk, B., & Sanderman, R. (1996). The relationship between social comparison processes and personality. Personality and Individual differences, 20(5), 551-565.
• Wang, D., Park, S., & Fesenmaier, D. (2012). The role of smartphones in mediating the touristic experience. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 371-387
• Watson, P. J., Morris, R. J., & Hood Jr, R. W. (1987). Antireligious humanistic values, guilt, and self esteem. Journal for the scientific study of religion, 535-546.
• Weiser, E. B. (2015). #Me: Narcissism and its facets as predictors of selfie-posting frequency. Personality and individual differences, 86, 477-481.
• Wheeler, L., & Miyake, K. (1992). Social comparison in everyday life. Journal of personality and social psychology, 62(5), 760.
• Wink, P. (1991). Two faces of narcissism. Journal of personality and social psychology, 61(4), 590.
• Wong, J. W. C., Lai, I. K. W., & Tao, Z. (2020). Sharing memorable tourism experiences on mobile social media and how it influences further travel decisions. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(14), 1773-1787
• Yu, X., Anaya, G. J., Miao, L., Lehto, X., & Wong, I. A. (2018). The impact of smartphones on the family vacation experience. Journal of Travel Research, 57(5), 579-596.