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RESILIENCE PROGRAMS FOR ADOLESCENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 65, 299 - 312, 21.11.2024

Tuba Bağatarhan , Beyza Özen

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1542353

Öz

Adolescents face a variety of risks because of the stage of life in which they find themselves. The concept of psychological resilience comes to the fore in terms of developing coping methods against the risks they face. For this reason, it is noteworthy that, especially in recent years, there has been an increase in research investigating the relationship between resilience and various variables, as well as experimental studies aimed at improving resilience in adolescents. The purpose of this research is to systematically review the studies examining the effects of programs developed to improve resilience in adolescents. For this purpose, a literature search was conducted in Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, PubMed, and Ulakbim databases using the keywords “resilience”, “prevention”, “program”, “intervention”, “psycho-education”, “school-based” and “training” between May and June 2024, and 513 studies were found. These studies were reviewed in line with the PRISMA guide and the selection criteria of the study, and 5 studies were included in the research. In these studies, the research method and measurement tools used in these studies and the implemented program, and its effectiveness were reviewed. In the selected studies, it was found that the programs implemented for adolescents had a positive impact on the building of resilience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Resilience Adolescent Psychoeducation Systematic review

Kaynakça

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  • Arslan, G. (2015). “Ergenlerde Psikolojik Sağlamlık: Bireysel Koruyucu Faktörlerin Rolü”, Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(44), 73-82.
  • Arslan, G. ve Balkis, M. (2014). “Ergenlikte Görülen Problem Davranışlar ve Aile Sorunları Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Uluslararası Eğitim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.33710/sduijes.223840
  • Ateş, F. B. ve Akbaş, T. (2012). “Ergenlerde Görülen Kural Dışı Davranışların Aile İşlevselliği ve Yaşam Kalitesi Açısından İncelenmesi”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 337-352.
  • Benard, B. (1991). Fostering Resiliency in Kids: Protective Factors in the Family, School, and Community, Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, Portland, OR.
  • Benevene, P., De Stasio, S. ve Fiorilli, C. (2020). “Editorial: Well-Being of School Teachers in Their Work Environment”, Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1239. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01239
  • Bogar, C. B. ve Hulse Killacky, D. (2006). “Resiliency Determinants and Resiliency Processes among Female Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse”, Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(3), 318-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00411.x
  • Chung, J. O. K., Lam, K. K. W., Ho, E. K. Y., Cheung, A. T., Ho, L. K., Xei, V. W., Gibson, F. ve Li, W. H. C. (2020). “Psychometric Evaluation of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Resilience Scale‐14 and Assessment of Resilience in Hong Kong Adolescents”, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12955-020-01285-4
  • Chung, J. O. K., Li, W. H. C., Ho, K. Y., Lam, K. K. W., Cheung, A. T., Ho, L. L. K., Lin, J. J. ve Lopez, V. (2021). “Adventure-Based Training to Enhance Resilience and Reduce Depressive Symptoms Among Juveniles: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, Research in Nursing & Health, 44(3), 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.22127
  • Cohen, J. (1992). “A Power Primer”, Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033- 2909.112.1.155
  • Connor, K. M. ve Davidson, J. R. (2003). “Development of a New Resilience Scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)”, Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
  • Çataloğlu, B. (2011). Madde Kullanan ve Kullanmayan Ergenlerin Psikolojik Sağlamlık ve Aile İşlevleri Açısından Karşılaştırılması. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
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  • Demir, A. ve Çifçi, F. (2020). “Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Egzersizin Lise Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Sağlamlık Düzeylerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 18 (3), 169-179. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.739918
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  • Dumont, M. ve Provost, M. A. (1999). “Resilience in Adolescents: Protective Role of Social Support, Coping Strategies, Self-Esteem, and Social Activities on Experience of Stress and Depression”, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28(3), 343–363. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021637011732
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ERGENLER İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK PROGRAMLARI: SİSTEMATİK GÖZDEN GEÇİRME

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 65, 299 - 312, 21.11.2024

Tuba Bağatarhan , Beyza Özen

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1542353

Öz

Ergenlik dönemindeki bireyler bulundukları yaşam dönemi nedeniyle çeşitli risklerle karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Ergenlerin karşılaştıkları riskler karşısında baş etme yöntemleri geliştirebilmeleri açısından psikolojik sağlamlık kavramı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle özellikle son yıllarda ergenlerde psikolojik sağlamlığın çeşitli değişkenlerle ilişkisini inceleyen araştırmalarla birlikte ergenlerde psikolojik sağlamlığı geliştirmeye yönelik deneysel çalışmaların da artış gösterdiği dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ergenlik dönemindeki bireylerde psikolojik sağlamlığı artırmak amacıyla geliştirilen programların etkisini inceleyen araştırmaları sistematik olarak incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Mayıs-Haziran 2024 tarihlerinde “psikolojik sağlamlık”, “psikolojik dayanıklılık”, “önleme”, “program”, “müdahale”, “psiko-eğitim”, “okul temelli” ve “okul temelli program”, “eğitim” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, PubMed ve Ulakbim veri tabanlarında Türkçe ve İngilizce literatür taraması yapılmış ve 513 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar PRISMA rehberi ve araştırmanın seçim kriterleri doğrultusunda incelenerek 5 çalışma araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmalarda kullanılan yöntem ve ölçme araçları ve uygulanan program ve etkililiği gözden geçirilmiştir. Seçilen çalışmalarda ergenlik dönemindeki bireylere uygulanan programların psikolojik sağlamlığı geliştirmede olumlu etkiler oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikolojik sağlamlık Ergen Psikoeğitim Sistematik gözden geçirme

Kaynakça

  • American Psychological Association (APA) (2018). APA Dictionary of Psychology. Available online at: https://dictionary.apa.org/resilience (accessed August 4, 2024).
  • Arslan, G. (2015). “Çocuk ve Genç Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeğinin (ÇGPSÖ-12) Psikometrik Özellikleri: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması”, Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 16(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12984/eed.23397
  • Arslan, G. (2015). “Ergenlerde Psikolojik Sağlamlık: Bireysel Koruyucu Faktörlerin Rolü”, Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(44), 73-82.
  • Arslan, G. ve Balkis, M. (2014). “Ergenlikte Görülen Problem Davranışlar ve Aile Sorunları Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Uluslararası Eğitim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.33710/sduijes.223840
  • Ateş, F. B. ve Akbaş, T. (2012). “Ergenlerde Görülen Kural Dışı Davranışların Aile İşlevselliği ve Yaşam Kalitesi Açısından İncelenmesi”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 337-352.
  • Benard, B. (1991). Fostering Resiliency in Kids: Protective Factors in the Family, School, and Community, Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, Portland, OR.
  • Benevene, P., De Stasio, S. ve Fiorilli, C. (2020). “Editorial: Well-Being of School Teachers in Their Work Environment”, Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1239. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01239
  • Bogar, C. B. ve Hulse Killacky, D. (2006). “Resiliency Determinants and Resiliency Processes among Female Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse”, Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(3), 318-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00411.x
  • Chung, J. O. K., Lam, K. K. W., Ho, E. K. Y., Cheung, A. T., Ho, L. K., Xei, V. W., Gibson, F. ve Li, W. H. C. (2020). “Psychometric Evaluation of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Resilience Scale‐14 and Assessment of Resilience in Hong Kong Adolescents”, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12955-020-01285-4
  • Chung, J. O. K., Li, W. H. C., Ho, K. Y., Lam, K. K. W., Cheung, A. T., Ho, L. L. K., Lin, J. J. ve Lopez, V. (2021). “Adventure-Based Training to Enhance Resilience and Reduce Depressive Symptoms Among Juveniles: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, Research in Nursing & Health, 44(3), 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.22127
  • Cohen, J. (1992). “A Power Primer”, Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033- 2909.112.1.155
  • Connor, K. M. ve Davidson, J. R. (2003). “Development of a New Resilience Scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)”, Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
  • Çataloğlu, B. (2011). Madde Kullanan ve Kullanmayan Ergenlerin Psikolojik Sağlamlık ve Aile İşlevleri Açısından Karşılaştırılması. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
  • Çıkrıkçı, N. ve Odacı, H. (2020). “Ön-Ergenler İçin Kendini Toparlama Gücü Ölçeği: İlk Psikometrik Bulgular”, Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 0(82), 263 – 280.
  • Demir, A. ve Çifçi, F. (2020). “Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Egzersizin Lise Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Sağlamlık Düzeylerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 18 (3), 169-179. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.739918
  • Denkova, E., Zanesco, A. P., Rogers, S. L. ve Jha, A. P. (2020). “Is Resilience Trainable? An Initial Study Comparing Mindfulness and Relaxation Training in Firefighters”, Psychiatry Research, 285, 112794. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112794
  • Dumont, M. ve Provost, M. A. (1999). “Resilience in Adolescents: Protective Role of Social Support, Coping Strategies, Self-Esteem, and Social Activities on Experience of Stress and Depression”, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28(3), 343–363. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021637011732
  • Edward, K. L. (2005). “Resilience: A Protector from Depression”, Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 11(4), 241-243.
  • Eminağaoğlu, N. (2006). Güç Koşullarda Yaşayan Sokak Çocuklarında Dayanıklılık (Sağlamlık). (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ege Üniversitesi.
  • Fergus, S. ve Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). “Adolescent Resilience: A Framework for Understanding Healthy Development in the Face of Risk”, Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 399–419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357
  • Field, A. (2009) Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd Edition, Sage Publications Ltd., London.
  • Garmezy, N. (1991). “Resiliency and Vulnerability to Adverse Developmental Outcomes Associated With Poverty”, American Behavioral Scientist”, 34 (4), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764291034004003
  • Gizir, C. (2007). “Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Risk Faktörleri ve Koruyucu Faktörler Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması”, Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 3(28), 113-128.
  • Guo, T., Jiang, D., Kuang, J., Hou, M., Gao, Y., Herold, F., Taylor, A., Huang, Y. ve Chen, Y. (2023). “Mindfulness Group İntervention İmproved Self-Compassion and Resilience of Children From Single-Parent Families in Tibetan Areas”, Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 51, 101743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101743
  • Gürgan, U. (2006). Grupla Psikolojik Danışmanın Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yılmazlık Düzeyine Etkisi. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Henderson, N. ve Milstein, M. M. (1996). Resiliency in Schools: Making it Happen for Students and Educators, Corwin Press, Thousand Oaks, California.
  • Hauser, S. T. (1999). “Understanding Resilient Outcomes: Adolescent Lives Across Time and Generations”, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 9(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327795jra0901_1
  • Heppner, P. P., Wampold, B. E. ve Kivlighan, D. M. (2008). Psikolojik Danışmada Araştırma Yöntemleri, (Çev. Ed: D. M. Siyez), Mentis Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Hollister-Wagner, G., Foshee, V. ve Jackson, C. (2001). “Adolescent Aggression: Models of Resilience”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(3), 445-466. hhps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559- 1816.2001.tb02050.x
  • Huang, C.C., Chen, Y., Greene, L., Cheung, S. ve Wei, Y. (2019). “Resilience and Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Adolescents in China: Effects of a Short-Term and İntensive Mindfulness and Life Skills Training”, Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.03.015
  • Karaırmak, Ö. (2006). “Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Risk Faktörleri ve Koruyucu Faktörler”, Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 3(26), 129-142. https://doi.org/10.17066/pdrd.22262.
  • Karataş, Z. ve Savi Çakar, F. (2011). “Self-Esteem and Hopelessness, and Resiliency: An Exploratory Study of Adolescents in Turkey”, International Education Studies, 4, 84-91. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v4n4p84
  • Keye, M. D. ve Pidgeon, A. M. (2013). “An Investigation of the Relationship between Resilience, Mindfulness, and Academic Self-Efficacy”, Open Journal of Sciences, 1(6), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2013.16001
  • Koçhan, K. ve Aypay, A., (2024). “The Effect of the Resilience Psycho-Education Program on 8th-grade Students' Resilience, School Burnout, and School Attachment Levels”, Children and Youth Services Review, 156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107229
  • Krovetz, M. L. (1999). Fostering Resiliency: Expecting All Students to Use Their Minds and Hearts Well. Corwin Press, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Liebenberg, L., Ungar, M. ve LeBlanc, J. C. (2013). “The CYRM-12: A Brief Measure of Resilience”, Canadian Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 131–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405676
  • Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D. ve Becker, B. (2000). “The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work”, Child Development, 71(3), 543- 562.
  • Masten, A. S. (1994). “Resilience in Individual Development: Successful Adaptation Despite Risk and Adversity”, Educational Resilience in Inner-City America: Challenges and Prospects, (Ed: M. C. Wang ve E. W. Gordon), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
  • Masten, A. S. ve Coatsworth, J. D. (1998). “The Development of Competence in Favorable and Unfavorable Environments: Lessons From Research on Successful Children”, American Psychologist, 53(2), 205–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.205
  • Masten, A. S. (2001). “Ordinary Magic: Resilience Processes in Development”, American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
  • Masten A. S. (2014). “Global Perspectives on Resilience in Children and Youth”, Child Development, 85(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12205
  • Masten, A. S. ve Reed, M. G. (2002). “Resilience in Development”, The Handbook of Positive Psychology, (Ed: C.R. Snyder ve S. J. Lopez), Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Masten, A. S. ve Barnes, A. J. (2018). “Resilience in Children: Developmental Perspectives”, Children (Basel, Switzerland), 5(7), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5070098
  • Moher, D., Libertai, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G. ve PRISMA Group. (2009). “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement”, Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264–269. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
  • Moore, B., Woodcock, S. ve Dudley, D. (2021). “Well-Being Warriors: A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effects of Martial Arts Training on Secondary Students' Resilience”, The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4), 1369–1394. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12422
  • Okan, N., Yılmaztürk, M. ve Kürüm, B. (2020). “Bilinçli Farkındalık ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık Arasındaki İlişkide Temel Empati Becerilerinin Aracı Rol Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8, 319-335. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.735391
  • Pritzker, S. ve Minter, A. (2014). “Measuring Adolescent Resilience: An Examination of the Cross-Ethnic Validity of the RS-14”, Children and Youth Services Review, 44, 328–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.06.022.
  • Rew, L. ve Horner, S. D. (2003). “Personal Strengths of Homeless Adolescents Living in a High-Risk Environment”, Advances in Nursing Science, 26(2), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200304000-00002
  • Rutter, M. (1985). “Resilience in the Face of Adversity: Protective Factors and Resistance to Psychiatric Disorder”, British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598– 611.
  • Richardson, G. E., Neiger, B., Jensen, S. ve Kumpfer K. (1990). “The Resiliency Model”, Health Education, 21, 33-39.
  • Rutter, M. (1985). “Resilience in the Face of Adversity. Protective Factors and Resistance to Psychiatric Disorder”, The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 147, 598–611. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.6.598
  • Sameroff, A., Gutman, L. M. ve Peck, S. C. (2003). “Adaptation Among Youth Facing Multiple Risks: Prospective Research Findings”, Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities (Ed: S. S. Luthar), Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. ve Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). “Positive Psychology: An Introduction”, American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Terzi, Ş. (2008). “Üniversite Ögrencilerinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılıkları ve Algıladıkları Sosyal Destek Arasındaki İlişki”, Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 3(29), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.17066/pdrd.34849
  • Ungar, M. ve Liebenberg, L. (2011). “Assessing Resilience Across Cultures Using Mixed Methods: Construction of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure”, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 5(2), 126–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689811400607
  • Wagnild, G. (2009). “The Resilience Scale User’s Guide for the US English Version of the Resilience Scale and the 14-Item Resilience Scale (RS-14)”, The Resilience Center, USA.
  • Wang, K. ve Kong, F. (2020). “Linking Trait Mindfulness to Life Satisfaction in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Self-Esteem”, Child Indicators Research, 13, 321-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-09698-4
  • Wang, Y., Zheng, Z., Duan, X., Li, M. ve Li, Y. (2022). “The Relationship between Mindfulness and Social Adaptation Among Migrant Children in China: The Sequential Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem and Resilience”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 16241. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316241
  • Werner, E. E. (1989). “High-Risk Children in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study From Birth to 32 Years”, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01636.x
  • Windle, G. (2011). “What is Resilience? A Review and Concept Analysis. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 21(2), 152–169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259810000420
  • Wolin, S. ve Wolin, S. (1993). The Resilient Self: How Survivors of Troubled Families rise above adversity. Villard Books, New York.
  • Yalcin-Siedentopf, N., Pichler, T., Welte, A. S., Hoertnagl, C. M., Klasen, C. C., Kemmler, G., Siedentopf, C. M. ve Hofer, A. (2021). “Sex Matters: Stress Perception and the Relevance of Resilience and Perceived Social Support in Emerging Adults”, Archives of Women's Mental Health, 24(3), 403–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01076-2
  • Yang, Y., Ma, X., Kelifa, M. O., Li, X., Chen, Z. ve Wang, P. (2022). “The Relationship between Childhood Abuse and Depression among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of School Connectedness and Psychological Resilience”, Child Abuse & Neglect, 131, 105760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105760
  • Yavuzer, H. (2013). Ergenlik Dönemi: Çocuk Psikolojisi. Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Yu, X. ve Zhang, J. (2007). “Factor Analysis and Psychometric Evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) with Chinese People”, Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 35(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.1.19
  • Yuan, Y. (2021). “Mindfulness Training on the Resilience of Adolescents Under the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Latent Growth Curve Analysis”, Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110560
  • Yuan, G., Xu, W., Liu, Z. ve An, Y. (2018). "Resilience, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Posttraumatic Growth in Chinese Adolescents After a Tornado: The Role of Mediation Through Perceived Social Support”, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 206(2), 130–135. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000778
  • Zhang, B., Zhang, W., Sun, L., Jiang, C., Zhou, Y. ve He, K. (2023). “Relationship between Alexithymia, Loneliness, Resilience and Non-Suicidal Self-İnjury in Adolescents with Depression: A Multi-Center Study”, BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 445. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04938-y
  • Zimmerman, M. A., Stoddard, S. A., Eisman, A. B., Caldwell, C. H., Aiyer, S. M. ve Miller, A. (2013). “Adolescent Resilience: Promotive Factors that Inform Prevention. Child Development Perspectives, 7(4), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12042
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uygulamalı Sosyoloji, Program Değerlendirmesi ve Sosyal Etki Değerlendirmesi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tuba Bağatarhan 0000-0002-7885-6496

Beyza Özen 0009-0003-0493-5073

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 21 Kasım 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Kasım 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 65

Kaynak Göster

APA Bağatarhan, T., & Özen, B. (2024). ERGENLER İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK PROGRAMLARI: SİSTEMATİK GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(65), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1542353
AMA Bağatarhan T, Özen B. ERGENLER İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK PROGRAMLARI: SİSTEMATİK GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. PAUSBED. Kasım 2024;(65):299-312. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1542353
Chicago Bağatarhan, Tuba, ve Beyza Özen. “ERGENLER İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK PROGRAMLARI: SİSTEMATİK GÖZDEN GEÇİRME”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 65 (Kasım 2024): 299-312. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1542353.
EndNote Bağatarhan T, Özen B (01 Kasım 2024) ERGENLER İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK PROGRAMLARI: SİSTEMATİK GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 65 299–312.
IEEE T. Bağatarhan ve B. Özen, “ERGENLER İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK PROGRAMLARI: SİSTEMATİK GÖZDEN GEÇİRME”, PAUSBED, sy. 65, ss. 299–312, Kasım 2024, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1542353.
ISNAD Bağatarhan, Tuba - Özen, Beyza. “ERGENLER İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK PROGRAMLARI: SİSTEMATİK GÖZDEN GEÇİRME”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 65 (Kasım 2024), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1542353.
JAMA Bağatarhan T, Özen B. ERGENLER İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK PROGRAMLARI: SİSTEMATİK GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. PAUSBED. 2024;:299–312.
MLA Bağatarhan, Tuba ve Beyza Özen. “ERGENLER İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK PROGRAMLARI: SİSTEMATİK GÖZDEN GEÇİRME”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 65, 2024, ss. 299-12, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1542353.
Vancouver Bağatarhan T, Özen B. ERGENLER İÇİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK PROGRAMLARI: SİSTEMATİK GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. PAUSBED. 2024(65):299-312.
 Kapak Resmi İndir