Türkiye’deki Sosyal Girişimlerin Ekonomi Politiği

Öz

Batı toplumları tarafından 19. yüzyılda çağdaş türlerinin ortaya çıkarıldığı iddia edilen sosyal girişimler, günümüzde kooperatifler, dernekler, vakıflar ve diğer organizasyon türleri olarak tüm sosyal ekonomi aktörlerini kapsayan bir küme kavram olarak kullanılmaktadır. Buna rağmen, sosyal girişim kavramı tartışılmaya devam etmekte ve henüz tanımı ve kapsamı konusunda bir uzlaşıya varılamamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de ticari şirket statüsüne sahip ancak kâr dağıtımı yapmayan (ya da kısıtlayan) sosyal girişimleri ekonomi politik çerçevede analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla, sosyal girişimlerle yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen bulgular, sosyal girişimlerin temel bileşenleri altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bileşenler, sosyal girişimlerle ilgili literatürde evrensel olarak kabul edilen tanımlardan türetilmiş olup kâr amacı gütmeme/kâr dağıtımı kısıtı, ticari faaliyet zorunluluğu, sosyal etki/fayda, yenilikçilik, gönüllülük ve yönetişim olarak sıralanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu bileşenler, elde edilen bulgulara dayalı olarak Türkiye’deki sosyal girişim kimliğini tanımlamaya yardımcı olmakta, sosyal girişimlerin görünmeyen yönlerini ortaya çıkarmaya katkı sağlamakta ve sosyal girişim kimliğini benimseyen ticari şirketlere dair bir çözümleme sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kâr
• sosyal ekonomi
• sosyal girişim
• yönetişim

The Political Economy of Social Enterprises in Türkiye

Öz

Social enterprises, which are claimed to have been created in their modern forms by Western societies in the 19th century, are now used as an umbrella term encompassing all social economy actors (such as cooperatives, associations, foundations, and others). Despite this, the concept of social enterprise continues to be debated, with no consensus yet reached regarding its definition and scope. The aim of this study is to analyze non-profit social enterprises (those that do not distribute profits to shareholders) with commercial company status in Türkiye within a political economy framework. Findings from social enterprise interviews have been evaluated under the core components of social enterprises. These components are derived from universally accepted definitions in the literature on social enterprises and include non-profit orientation/restriction on profit distribution, the requirement of commercial activity, social impact/benefit, innovation, voluntarism, and governance. Consequently, these components help describe the social enterprise identity in Türkiye based on the findings obtained, contribute to uncovering the unseen aspects of social enterprises, and provide an analytical framework for examining the future of commercial companies adopting a social enterprise identity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• profit
• social economy
• social enterprise
• governance

Kaynakça

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