Joseph Alois Schumpeter’s Theory of Economic Development and Social Change

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 9 - 34, 29.06.2022

Yavuz Yayla

https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1107108

Öz

This study includes an accurate view of Joseph Schumpeter's concepts of the nature of capitalism, the driving forces behind economic logic, social-institutional structures, the relationship between society and the individual, and social and economic evolution. Schumpeter's economic sociology argues that the economy is primarily a part of the social-institutional system and that the qualified way to study the economy is to evaluate it within this framework. Schumpeter, who can be called the pioneer of institutionalist economists, argues that we can only understand economic activities, institutions and processes from a historically determined plane. Unlike most economists, Schumpeter analyzed the economy not only from a static but also from a dynamic perspective. For this reason, while explaining how economic developments will take shape in the future, Schumpeter examined the economic actions of individuals, technological innovations, the characteristics of the capitalist and the entrepreneur, and the institutions. According to Schumpeter, the entrepreneur emerges as the determinant of the conflict between the dynamism of capitalism and the gigantic bureaucratic structure of managerial capitalism and the destructive agent of the system. Schumpeter argued that as change continues, it becomes increasingly easier for individuals to initiate change and that entrepreneurial activities of individuals no longer need to be done by specific individuals with a high level of leadership. Schumpeter predicted that the evolution of capitalism into a new economic order would necessarily be a form of socialism, whatever the name.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Joseph Schumpeter, Institutional, Technological Change, Political Economy

Joseph Alois Schumpeter'in Ekonomik Gelişme ve Sosyal Değişim Teorisi

Öz

Bu çalışma Joseph Schumpeter'in kapitalizm doğası, ekonomik mantığın arkasındaki itici güçler, sosyal-kurumsal yapılar, toplum ve birey ilişkisi, toplumsal ve ekonomik evrim kavramlarına düşünürün çalışmalarından doğru bir bakış içermektedir. Schumpeter'in ekonomik sosyolojisi, öncelikle ekonominin sosyal-kurumsal sistemin parçası olduğu ve ekonomiyi incelemenin nitelikli yolunun onu bu çerçeve içerisinde değerlendirmekten geçtiğini iddia etmektedir. Kurumsalcı iktisatçıların öncüsü diyebileceğimiz Schumpeter, ekonomik faaliyetleri, kurumları ve süreçleri ancak tarihsel olarak belirlenmiş bir düzlemden anlayabileceğimizi savunmaktadır. Schumpeter, iktisatçıların çoğundan farklı olarak, ekonomiyi sadece statik değil, dinamik bir açıdan analiz etmiştir. Bu nedenle Schumpeter, ekonomik gelişmelerin gelecekte nasıl bir şekil alacağını açıklarken, bireylerin ekonomik eylemleri, teknolojik yenilikler, sermayedar ve girişimcinin özelliklerini ve kurumları incelemiştir. Schumpeter'e göre girişimci, kapitalizmin dinamizmi ile yönetimsel kapitalizmin dev bürokratik yapısı arasındaki çatışmanın belirleyeni ve sistemin yıkıcı eyleyeni olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Schumpeter, değişim devam ettikçe, bireylerin değişimi başlatmasının giderek daha kolay hale geldiğini ve bireylerin girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin artık yüksek düzeyde liderliğe sahip belirli kişiler tarafından yapılması gerekmediğini savunmuştur. Schumpeter kapitalizmin yeni bir ekonomik düzene doğru evriminin, adı ne olursa olsun, zorunlu olarak bir tür sosyalizm olacağını öngörmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Joseph Schumpeter, Kurumsal İktisat, Teknolojik Değişme, Politik Ekonomi

Kaynakça

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