Çin Emperyalizminin Denizaşırı Kapitalist Adaları: Özel Ekonomik Bölgeler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 196 - 208, 28.10.2023

İnan Akdağ

https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1310159

Öz

Çin emperyal gelenekten gelen bir ülke olarak küresel etki anlamında idareleri arasında süreklilik yaşayan bir ülkedir. Orta Çağ’dan itibaren Modern Çağ dahil benzer politikalar yürüten bir ülkedir. 1949 sonrası sosyalist devrimle birlikte bir dönem içeri kapansa da 1979 sonrası ekonomisini liberalleştirmiş ve serbest rekabetçi olmasa bile devlet kapitalizmi temelli bir ekonomiye sahip olmuştur. Bu bağlamda Çin, pazar ekonomisi temelli Özel Ekonomik Bölgeleri 1979 sonrası hızla kurmaya başlamıştır ve başlangıçta dört bölge olarak kurulan Özel Ekonomik Bölgelerin sayısı kısa sürede artmış ve deniz aşırı bir yapıya kavuşmuştur. Çin, bu Özel Ekonomik Bölgeleri bir ağ gibi tasarlamış ve tüm dünyaya özellikle çevre ülkelere yaymıştır. Bu durum Çin’in emperyalist vizyonuyla uyumludur. Çin, emperyal gelenekten gelip emperyalist bir yapıya dönüşmüştür. Çin emperyalizmini, modern emperyalist teorilerden ekonomi temelli, Michael Hardt ve Antonio Negri’nin İmparatorluk temelinde ve Manuel Castells’in ağ yaklaşımıyla açıklayabiliriz. Bu çalışmanın kapsamı, Özel Ekonomik Bölgeler bağlamında Çin emperyalizmidir. Çalışmanın önemi, Özel Ekonomik Bölgeleri Çin emperyalizmi çerçevesinde analiz etmektir. Çalışmanın kapsamı, 1980 sonrası ortaya çıkan Özel Ekonomik Bölgelerdir. Çalışmanın temel iddiası, Çin’in, Özel Ekonomik Bölgeler aracılığıyla çevre ülkeler üzerinde etki alanını arttırmak için emperyalist bir ağ kurmaya çalıştığı savunulabilir. Bu ağ aracılığıyla Çin hem küresel ekonomik yapıya eklemlenmektedir hem de siyasal anlamda hegemonya iddiası için gerekli gücü elinde toplamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çin, Özel Ekonomik Bölgeler, Çin Emperyalizmi, Küresel Ağ, Denizaşırı Teknokratik Ağ

The Oversea Capitalist Islands of Chinese Imperialism: Special Economic Zones

Öz

As a country of imperial tradition, China is a country that experiences continuity between its administrations in terms of global influence. It is a country that has been carrying out similar policies since the Middle Ages, including the Modern Age. Although he was suffocating for a while with the post-1949 socialist revolution, he liberalized his economy after 1979 and had a state capitalism-based economy, although it was not free competitive. In this context, China started to establish market economy-based Special Economic Zones rapidly after 1979, and the number of Special Economic Zones initially established as four regions increased in a short time and gained an overseas structure. China has designed these Special Economic Zones as a network and spread them all over the world, especially to the surrounding countries. This is in line with China's imperialist vision. China came from the imperial tradition and turned into an imperialist structure. We can explain Chinese imperialism on the basis of economics from modern imperialist theories, on the basis of Empire by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, and with the network approach of Manuel Castells. The scope of this study is Chinese imperialism in the context of Special Economic Zones. The importance of the study is to analyze the Special Economic Zones within the framework of Chinese imperialism. The scope of the study is the Special Economic Zones that emerged after 1980. The main claim of the study is that it can be defended that China establishes an imperialist network to increase its sphere of influence on the surrounding countries through Special Economic Zones. Through this network, China both joins the global economic structure and gathers the necessary power to claim hegemony in the political sense.

Anahtar Kelimeler

China, Special Economic Zones, Chinese Imperialism, Global Network, Oversea Technocratic Network

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