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SINIF ORTAMININ TÜRK EFL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KONUŞMA İSTEKLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 130 - 140, 30.11.2022

Öz

Dil sınıfları, EFL bağlamlarında konuşma becerilerini test etmek için en uygun ortamı sağlar. Bu gerçeğe rağmen, dil sınıfı bağlamının yabancı dil konuşma istekliliği üzerindeki etkisini araştıran çok az çalışma vardır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma, sınıf ortamı ile iletişim kurma isteği arasındaki ilişkiyi Türkçe EFL bağlamında araştırmıştır. Sınıf ortamı, öğretmen desteği, öğrenciler arası uyum ve ders materyalleri üzere üç bölümde ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel verileri Hacettepe Üniversitesi'ndeki 711 hazırlık sınıfı öğrencisinden toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, öğrencilerin dil sınıf ortamlarına karşı pozitif tutum sergilediklerini ve sınıf ortamının İngilizce öğrenenlerin konuşma istekliliği üzerinde güçlü bir etkisi olduğunu gösterdi. Araştırmanın pedagojik sonuçları, araştırmanın bulgularına dayalı olarak tartışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Barker, M., Child, C., Gallois, C., Jones, E., & Callan, V. J. (1991). Difficulties of overseas students in social and academic situations. Australian Journal of Psychology, 43(2), 79-84.
  • Bektaş, Ç. Y. (2005). Turkish collage students’ willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA.
  • Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Cao, Y. (2011). Investigating situational willingness to communicate within second language classrooms from an ecological perspective. System, 39, 468-479.
  • Chesebro, J. L., & McCroskey, J. C. (2001). The relationship of teacher clarity and immediacy with student state receiver apprehension, affect, and cognitive learning. Communication Education, 50(1), 59-68.
  • Christophel, D. M. (1990). The relationships among teacher immediacy behaviors, student motivation, and learning. Communication Education, 39(4), 323-340.
  • Clement, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K. (1994). Motivation, self-confidence and group cohesion in the foreign language classroom. Language Learning, 44(3), 417-448.
  • Dorman, J. P. (2003). Cross-national validation of the What is Happening in this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis. Learning Environments Research, 6(3), 231-245.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (1994). Motivation and motivating in the foreign language classroom. Modern Language Journal, 78(3), 273–284.
  • Dörnyei, Z., & Murphey, T. (2003). Group dynamics in the language classroom. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ellis, R. (2002). Does form-focused instruction affect the acquisition of implicit knowledge?. Studies in second language acquisition, 24(2), 223-236.
  • Fallah, N. (2014). Willingness to communicate in English, communication self-confidence, motivation, shyness and teacher immediacy among Iranian English-major undergraduates: A structural equation modeling approach. Learning and Individual Differences, 30, 140-147.
  • Fraser, B. J. (2002). Learning environments research: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. In S. C. Goh & M. S. Khine (Eds.), Studies in educational learning environments: An international perspective (pp.1–25). River Edge, NJ: World Scientific.
  • Horwitz, E. K., & Young, D. J. (1991). Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications. Pearson College Div.
  • Khajavy, G. H., Ghonsooly, B., Fatemi, A. H., & Choi, C. W. (2014). Willingness to Communicate in English: A Microsystem Model in the Iranian EFL Classroom Context. Tesol Quarterly, 50(1), 154-180.
  • Kubanyiova, M. (2006). Developing a motivational teaching practice in EFL teachers in Slovakia: challenges of promoting teacher change in EFL contexts. TESL-EJ, 10, 1-17.
  • Long, M. H. (1998). Focus on form Theory, research, and practice Michael H. Long Peter Robinson. Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition, 15, 15-41.
  • MacIntyre, P., & Charos, C. (1996). Personality, attitudes, and affect as predictors of second language communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 15, 3- 26.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., Clement, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K. (1998). Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: a situated model of confidence and affiliation. The Modern Language Journal, 82, 545-62.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Language Anxiety: Its Relationship to Other Anxieties and to Processing in Native and Second Languages. Language Learning, 41(4), 513-534.
  • McCroskey, J.C. (1992). Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale. Communication Quarterly, 40(1), 16-25.
  • Moore, A., Masterson, J. T., Christophel, D. M., & Shea, K. A. (1996). College teacher immediacy and student ratings of instruction. Communication Education, 45(1), 29-39.
  • Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework.Modern Language Journal, 78, 12-28.
  • Oz, H. (2014). Big Five personality traits and willingness to communicate among foreign language learners in Turkey. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 42(9), 1473-1482.
  • Peng, J. (2009). Exploring willingness to communicate (WTC) in English in Chinese EFL university classrooms: A mixed methods approach (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
  • Peng, J. (2012). Towards an ecological understanding of willingness to communicate in EFL classrooms in China. System, 40, 203-213.
  • Peng, J.E., & Woodrow, L. (2010). Willingness to Communicate in English: A model in the Chinese EFL classroom context. Language Learning, 60(4), 834-876.
  • Rocca, K. A. (2004). College student attendance: impact of instructor immediacy and verbal aggression: Brief Report. Communication Education, 53(2), 185-195.
  • Sener, S. (2014). Turkish ELT students' willingness to communicate in English. ELT Research Journal, 3(2), 91-109.
  • Shaw, M. E. (1981). Group dynamics: The psychology of small group behavior (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Tudor, I. (2003). Learning to live with complexity: Towards an ecological perspective on language teaching. System, 31(1), 1–12.
  • Wen, W. P., & Clement, R. (2003). Chinese conceptualization of willingness to communicate in ESL. Language Culture and Curriculum, 16, 18-38.
  • Williams, M., & Burden, R. L. (1997). Psychology for language teachers: A social constructivist approach. UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wu, X. (2003). Intrinsic motivation and young language learners: The impact of the classroom environment. System, 31(4), 501-517.
  • Yashima, T. (2002). Willingness to communicate in a second language: The Japanese EFL context. The Modern Language Journal, 86(1), 54-66.

EFFECT OF CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT ON TURKISH EFL LEARNERS' WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 130 - 140, 30.11.2022

Öz

Language classrooms provide the most suitable environment for testing speaking abilities in EFL contexts. In spite of this fact, very few studies have investigated the effect of the language classroom context on L2WTC. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between classroom environment and willingness to communicate in the Turkish EFL context. Classroom environment was dealt with in three parts which were teacher support, student cohesiveness, and task orientation. Quantitative data of the study were collected from 711 preparatory school students at Hacettepe University. The results indicated that the students highly appreciated their language classrooms and classroom environment had a strong impact on EFL learners' WTC. Pedagogical implications of the study were discussed based on the findings of the study.

Kaynakça

  • Barker, M., Child, C., Gallois, C., Jones, E., & Callan, V. J. (1991). Difficulties of overseas students in social and academic situations. Australian Journal of Psychology, 43(2), 79-84.
  • Bektaş, Ç. Y. (2005). Turkish collage students’ willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA.
  • Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Cao, Y. (2011). Investigating situational willingness to communicate within second language classrooms from an ecological perspective. System, 39, 468-479.
  • Chesebro, J. L., & McCroskey, J. C. (2001). The relationship of teacher clarity and immediacy with student state receiver apprehension, affect, and cognitive learning. Communication Education, 50(1), 59-68.
  • Christophel, D. M. (1990). The relationships among teacher immediacy behaviors, student motivation, and learning. Communication Education, 39(4), 323-340.
  • Clement, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K. (1994). Motivation, self-confidence and group cohesion in the foreign language classroom. Language Learning, 44(3), 417-448.
  • Dorman, J. P. (2003). Cross-national validation of the What is Happening in this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis. Learning Environments Research, 6(3), 231-245.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (1994). Motivation and motivating in the foreign language classroom. Modern Language Journal, 78(3), 273–284.
  • Dörnyei, Z., & Murphey, T. (2003). Group dynamics in the language classroom. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ellis, R. (2002). Does form-focused instruction affect the acquisition of implicit knowledge?. Studies in second language acquisition, 24(2), 223-236.
  • Fallah, N. (2014). Willingness to communicate in English, communication self-confidence, motivation, shyness and teacher immediacy among Iranian English-major undergraduates: A structural equation modeling approach. Learning and Individual Differences, 30, 140-147.
  • Fraser, B. J. (2002). Learning environments research: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. In S. C. Goh & M. S. Khine (Eds.), Studies in educational learning environments: An international perspective (pp.1–25). River Edge, NJ: World Scientific.
  • Horwitz, E. K., & Young, D. J. (1991). Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications. Pearson College Div.
  • Khajavy, G. H., Ghonsooly, B., Fatemi, A. H., & Choi, C. W. (2014). Willingness to Communicate in English: A Microsystem Model in the Iranian EFL Classroom Context. Tesol Quarterly, 50(1), 154-180.
  • Kubanyiova, M. (2006). Developing a motivational teaching practice in EFL teachers in Slovakia: challenges of promoting teacher change in EFL contexts. TESL-EJ, 10, 1-17.
  • Long, M. H. (1998). Focus on form Theory, research, and practice Michael H. Long Peter Robinson. Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition, 15, 15-41.
  • MacIntyre, P., & Charos, C. (1996). Personality, attitudes, and affect as predictors of second language communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 15, 3- 26.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., Clement, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K. (1998). Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: a situated model of confidence and affiliation. The Modern Language Journal, 82, 545-62.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Language Anxiety: Its Relationship to Other Anxieties and to Processing in Native and Second Languages. Language Learning, 41(4), 513-534.
  • McCroskey, J.C. (1992). Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale. Communication Quarterly, 40(1), 16-25.
  • Moore, A., Masterson, J. T., Christophel, D. M., & Shea, K. A. (1996). College teacher immediacy and student ratings of instruction. Communication Education, 45(1), 29-39.
  • Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework.Modern Language Journal, 78, 12-28.
  • Oz, H. (2014). Big Five personality traits and willingness to communicate among foreign language learners in Turkey. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 42(9), 1473-1482.
  • Peng, J. (2009). Exploring willingness to communicate (WTC) in English in Chinese EFL university classrooms: A mixed methods approach (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
  • Peng, J. (2012). Towards an ecological understanding of willingness to communicate in EFL classrooms in China. System, 40, 203-213.
  • Peng, J.E., & Woodrow, L. (2010). Willingness to Communicate in English: A model in the Chinese EFL classroom context. Language Learning, 60(4), 834-876.
  • Rocca, K. A. (2004). College student attendance: impact of instructor immediacy and verbal aggression: Brief Report. Communication Education, 53(2), 185-195.
  • Sener, S. (2014). Turkish ELT students' willingness to communicate in English. ELT Research Journal, 3(2), 91-109.
  • Shaw, M. E. (1981). Group dynamics: The psychology of small group behavior (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Tudor, I. (2003). Learning to live with complexity: Towards an ecological perspective on language teaching. System, 31(1), 1–12.
  • Wen, W. P., & Clement, R. (2003). Chinese conceptualization of willingness to communicate in ESL. Language Culture and Curriculum, 16, 18-38.
  • Williams, M., & Burden, R. L. (1997). Psychology for language teachers: A social constructivist approach. UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wu, X. (2003). Intrinsic motivation and young language learners: The impact of the classroom environment. System, 31(4), 501-517.
  • Yashima, T. (2002). Willingness to communicate in a second language: The Japanese EFL context. The Modern Language Journal, 86(1), 54-66.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cennet Altiner

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 29 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Altiner, C. (2022). EFFECT OF CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT ON TURKISH EFL LEARNERS’ WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE. PESA Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(3), 130-140.

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