Gut-Brain Axis: The Role of Gut Microbiota in Psychiatric Disorders

Öz

Gut microbiota is essential to human health, playing a major and important role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. There is significant evidence linking gut microbiota and metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, anxiety, depression. New studies show microbiota can activate immune system, neural pathways and central nervous system signaling systems, including commensal, probiotic and pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. This microorganisms are capable of producing and delivering neuroactive substances such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin, which act on the gut-brain axis. Preclinical evaluation in rodents suggests that certain probiotics possess antidepressant or anxiolytic activity. Effects may be mediated via the vagus nerve, spinal cord, immune system or neuroendocrine systems. Here we review recent literature that examines the impact of gut microbiota on the brain, behavior and psychiatric disorders.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gut-brain axis, microbiota, psychiatric disorders

Bağırsak Beyin Ekseni: Psikiyatrik Bozukluklarda Bağırsak Mikrobiyotasının Rolü

Öz

Bağırsak mikrobiyotası beyin ve bağırsak arasında karşılıklı bir ilişki oluşturarak insan sağlığı üzerinde temel ve önemli bir rol oynar. Obesite, diyabet gibi metabolik hastalıklar ve şizofreni, otizm, anksiye-te, depresyon gibi neuropsikiyatrik bozukluklarla bağırsak mikrobiyotası arasında bağlantı olduğuna ilişkin güçlü kanıtlar vardır. Yeni araştırmalar gastrointestinal sistemde yaşayan dost, zararlı ve probiyotik mikroorganizmaların bağışıklık sistemini, nöral yolakları ve peşi sıra merkezi sinir sistemini uyardığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu mikroorganizmalar bağırsak beyin ekseninde rol oynayan gama-aminobutirik asit ve serotonin gibi nöroaktif maddeleri üretmektedir. Preklinik hayvan deneyleri bazı probiyotik bakterilerin anksiyolitik ve antidepresan etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu maka-lede bağırsak mikrobiyotasının beyin, davranış ve psikiyatrik bozukluklar üzerine etkisi gözden geçirilmiştir.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bağırsak-beyin ekseni, mikrobiyota, psikiyatrik bozukluklar

Kaynakça

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