Migration, Acculturation and Adaptation

Abstract

In multinational countries that receive migration, minority and mainstream collective members need to use methods that facilitate living together and making them fit together. The changes of these individuals through the learning process of adaptation are studied under the heading of accultura-tion. The aim of this article is to inform the reader on acculturation and adaptation which are the prominent variables of migration studies in psychology. The article starts with acculturation, accul-turation models and acculturation strategies of Berry, and followed by the critics to Berry’s accultura-tion strategies, sociocultural and psychological adaptation. Lastly, the factors influencing the accul-turation and adaptation processes are elaborated.

Keywords

• Migration,acculturation,pychological adaptation,sociocultural adaptation

Göç, Kültürleşme ve Uyum

Öz

Göç alan çok uluslu ülkelerde, azınlık ve ana akım topluma üye bireylerin beraber yaşamalarını ve birbirlerine uyum sağlamalarını kolaylaştıracak yöntemler kullanmaları gerekmektedir. Bu insanların bir arada yaşamayı ve birbirlerine uyum sağlamayı öğrenirlerken geçtikleri değişimlerin kültürleşme başlığı altında incelendiği görülmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, okuru psikoloji alanında yapılan göç çalışmalarının öne çıkan değişkenlerinden olan kültürleşme ve uyum değişkenleri hakkında bilgilen-dirmektir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak kültürleşme, kültürleşme modelleri ve Berry’nin kültürleşme yönelim-lerinden söz edilmiş, ardından Berry’nin kültürleşme yönelimlerine getirilen eleştirilere değinilerek, sosyokültürel uyum ve psikolojik uyum değişkenleri ve kültürleşmeyi ve uyum sürecini etkileyen etmenler ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göç,kültürleşme,psikolojik uyum,sosyokültürel uyum

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