Macera Terapisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, doğanın insan üzerindeki iyileştirici gücünün terapötik bağlamda kullanılması düşüncesi ile ortaya çıkan macera terapisinin tanıtılmasıdır. Çalışmada, macera terapisinin tarihsel kökenleri, amaçları, faydaları, özellikleri ve süreci, hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca kimlerin macera terapisti ya da danışan olabileceği, macera terapisinin sınırlılıkları ve alanda yürütülen çalışmalardan da bahsedilmiştir. Son olarak macera terapisinin teorik ve uygulama noktasında güçlenmesi için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• macera terapisi,doğada terapi,doğa

Adventure Therapy

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to introduce the adventure therapy which emerges with the thought of using heling power of nature in the therapeutic context. In the study, information was given about the historical origins, aims, benefits, features and process of adventure therapy. It is also mentioned about who might be an adventure therapist or client, the limitations of adventure therapy and the research carried out in the field. Finally, suggestions have been made to strengthen adventure therapy in theory and practice.

Keywords

• adventure therapy,therapy in nature,nature

Kaynakça

1. Alvarez AG, Stauffer GA (2001) Musings on adventure therapy. Journal of Experiential Education, 24:85-91.
2. Amesberger (1997) Theoretical considerations of therapeutic concepts in adventure therapy. Proceedings of the International Adventure Therapy Conference, July 1997, Perth, Australia.
3. Bacon S (1983) Conscious use of metaphor in Outward Bound. Denver, Colorado Outward Bound School.
4. Bandoroff S, Scherer DG (1994) Wilderness family therapy: An innovative treatment approach for problem youth. J Child Fam Stud, 3:175-191.
5. Becker S (2010) Wilderness therapy: Ethical considerations for mental health professionals. Child Youth Care Forum, 39:47–61.
6. Beringer A, Martin P (2003) On adventure therapy and the natural worlds: Respecting nature's healing. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 3:29-39.
7. Bisson C (1995) Sequencing outdoor adventure activities: Theory vs. Practice. 15th Association for Education International Conference, 9-12 November 1995, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.
8. Bowen DJ, Neill JT (2013) A meta-analysis of adventure therapy outcomes and moderators. Open Psychol J, 6:28-53.

9. Carlson KP, Cook M (2007) Challenge by choice: Adventure-based counseling for seriously ill adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 16:909–919.
10. Combs SE (2002) The evaluation of adventure-based counseling with at risk youth (PhD thesis). Boston, Boston College.
11. Crisp S (1998) International models of best practice in wilderness and adventure therapy. 1st International Adventure Therapy Conference, July, 1997, Perth, Australia.
12. Davis-Berman J, Berman DS, Capone, L (1994) Therapeutic wilderness programs: A national survey. Journal of Experiential Education, 17:49-53.
13. Degges-White S, Davis NL (2011) Integrating the expressive arts into counseling practice. New York, Springer.
14. Gass MA (1993) Adventure therapy: Therapeutic applications of adventure programming. Dubuque, Kendall/Hunt Publishing.
15. Gass MA, Gillis HL (1995) Changes: An assessment model using adventure experiences. Journal of Experiential Education, 18:34–40.
16. Gass MA, Gillis HL, Russell KC (2012) Adventure Therapy :Theory, Research, and Practice. Florence, Taylor and Francis.
17. Gass M, McPhee P (1990) Emerging for recovery: A descriptive analysis of adventure therapy for substance abusers. Journal of Experiential Education, 13:29-35
18. Gillen MC (2003) Pathway to efficacy: Recognizing cognitive behavioral therapy as an underlying theory for adventure therapy. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 3:93-102.
19. Gillis HL (1995) If I conduct outdoor pursuits with clinical populations, am I an adventure therapist? Journal of Leisurability, 22:5-15.
20. Gillis HL, Gass MA (1993) Bringing adventure into marriage and family therapy: An innovative experiential approach. J Marital Fam Ther, 19:273–286.
21. Gillis HL, Gass MA, Russell KC (2014) Adventure therapy with groups. In Handbook of Group Counseling and Psychotherapy, (Eds JL DeLucia-Waack, CR Kalodner, MT Riva):560-570. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications
22. Gillis HL, Ringer TM (1999) Therapeutic adventure programs adventure programming. In Adventure Education (Eds J Miles, S Priest): Philadelphia, PA, Venture Publications.
23. Gillis HL, Simpson C (1991) Project choices: Adventure‐based residential drug treatment for court‐referred youth. J Addict Offender Couns, 12:12-27.
24. Hanna L (2012) A psychotherapeutic foundation for adventure therapy. In Adventure Therapy:Theory, Research, and Practice (Eds MA Gass, A Michael, HL Gillis, KC Russell, C Keith): 69-92. New York, Taylor and Francis.
25. Herbert JT (1996) Use of adventure based counseling programs for persons with disabilities. J Rehabil, 62:3-9
26. Jelalian E, Mehlenbeck R, Lloyd-Richardson EE, Birmaher V, Wing RR (2006) Adventure therapy combined with cognitive-behavioral treatment for overweight adolescents. Int J Obes, 30:31-39.
27. Keiwa J (1994) Self-control: The key to adventure? Towards a model of the adventure experience. Women Ther, 15:29-41.
28. Kelley FJ, Baer DJ (1971) Physical challenge as a treatment for delinquency. Crime Delinq, 17:437-445.
29. Kimball R (1983) The wilderness as therapy. Journal of Experiential Education, 5:6-9.
30. Kimball R, Bacon S (1993) The wilderness challenge model. In Adventure Therapy: Therapeutic Applications of Adventure-Based Therapy Programming (Ed M. Gass):115-144. Dubuque, IA, Kendall Hunt .
31. Kraft R, Sakofs M (1985) The Theory of Experiential Education. Boulder, Association of Experiential Education.
32. Lambert MJ, Barley DE (2001) Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcomes. Psychotherapy (Chic), 38:357–361.
33. Lung M (2012) Practising adventure therapy. In Adventure Therapy:Theory, Research, and Practice (Eds MA Gass, A Michael, HL Gillis, KC Russell, C Keith):155-180. New York, Taylor and Francis.
34. Nadler RS, Luckner JL (1992) Processing The Adventure Experience: Theory and Practice. Dubuque, Kendall Hunt Publishing.
35. Newes S, Bandoroff S (2004) What is adventure therapy? In Adventure therapy: Coming of Age (Eds S Bandoroff, S Newes):1-30. Boulder, CO, Association of Experiential Education.
36. Norton LC (2012) Supervision in adventure therapy. In Adventure Therapy:Theory, Research, and Practice (Eds MA Gass, A Michael, HL Gillis, KC Russell, C Keith):231-252. New York,Taylor and Francis.
37. Norton LC, Hsieh CM (2011) Cultural bridging through shared adventure: cross-cultural perspectives on adventure therapy. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 11:173-188.
38. Norton CL, Tucker A, Russell KC, Bettmann JE, Gass MA, Gillis HL, Behrens E (2014) Adventure therapy with youth. Journal of Experiential Education, 37:46-59.
39. Ringer M (1994) Adventure therapy: A map of the field: Towards a definition of adventure-based therapy: Workshop Report. Unpublished manuscript.
40. Russell KC (2001) What is wilderness therapy? Journal of Experiential Education, 24:70-80. Russell KC, Phillips-Miller D (2002) Perspectives on the wilderness therapy process and its relation to outcome. Child Youth Care Forum, 31:415–437.
41. Parker MW (1992) Impact of adventure intervention on traditional counseling interventions (Doctoral thesis). Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma
42. Pommier JH (1994) Experiential adventure therapy plus family training: Outward Bound School's efficacy with status offenders (Doctoral thesis). Texas, Texas A&M University.
43. Scheinfeld DE, Rochlen AB, Buser SJ (2011) Adventure therapy: A supplementary group therapy approach for men. Psychol Men Masc, 12:188-194.
44. Schell L, Cotton S, Luxmoore M (2012) Outdoor adventure for young people with a mental illness. Early Interv Psychiatry, 6:407-414.
45. Stacksteder K (2012) Adventure therapy ethics. In Adventure Therapy:Theory, Research, and Practice (Eds MA Gass, A Michael, HL Gillis, KC Russell, C Keith):255-278. New York, Taylor and Francis.
46. Taylor F (1989) The influence of an outdoor adventure recreation class on personality type, locus of control, self-esteem, and selected issues of identity development of college students (Doctoral thesis). San Francisco, University of San Farncisco.
47. Thomas J (1980) Sketch of a moving spirit: Kurt Hahn. Journal of Experiential Education, 3:17-22.
48. Walsh V, Gollins G (1976) An exploration of the Outward Bound process. Denver, Outward Bound Publications.
49. Wasserburger, K. (2012). Foundations of adventure therapy. In Adventure Therapy:Theory, Research, and Practice (Eds MA Gass, A Michael, HL Gillis, KC Russell, C Keith):69-92. New York, Taylor and Francis.
50. Wells L (2006) Incident monitoring in outdoor behavioral healthcare programs: Before your summary of restraint, runaway, injury, and illness rates. Journal of Therapeutic Schools and Programs, 1:126–136.
51. White W (2012) A history of adventure therapy. In Adventure Therapy:Theory, Research, and Practice (Eds MA Gass, A Michael, HL Gillis, KC Russell, C Keith):19-47. New York, Taylor and Francis.
52. Williams B (2000) The treatment of adolescent populations: An institutional vs. a wilderness setting. Journal of Child and Adolescent Group Therapy, 10:47-56.
53. Wick DT, Wick JK, Peterson N (1997) Improving self-esteem with Adlerian adventure therapy. Professional School Counseling, 1:53-56.
54. Wynn T (2012) Assessment in adventure therapy. In Adventure Therapy:Theory, Research, and Practice (Eds MA Gass, A Michael, HL Gillis, KC Russell, C Keith):137-152. New York, Taylor and Francis.