Yaşlanma ve Karar Verme Süreçleri: Duygu Düzenlemenin Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışmada duygu düzenlemenin karar verme mekanizmaları üzerindeki etkilerinin ve bu etkilerin yaşlılık  döneminde uğradığı değişikliklerin, alan yazındaki çalışmalar ışığında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Duygu düzenleme bireylerin olumsuz bir tecrübe karşısında duygularını kontrol ederek olumlu duygu durumunu muhafaza edebilme becerisi olarak tanımlanır. Duygu düzenleme becerisinin bireylerin kararları üzerinde yadsınamaz bir etkisi bulunur. Karar verme sürecinde duygu düzenleme becerisi kullanıldığında karar öncesinde algılanan risk ve kazanç-kayıp algısı değişir. Karar sonrasında ise hissedilen memnuniyet artarken, yas süreci daha çabuk atlatılır. Dolayısıyla karar verme süreci birden fazla aşamada duygu düzenlemeden etkilenir. Bu etki, mantıksal çıkarım yerine duygu ve dürtülere bağlı kararlarda daha güçlü bir biçimde görülür. Yaşamın ilerleyen yıllarında bireylerin duygu düzenleme becerileri gelişir ve bu değişim duygu düzenleme ile karar verme ilişkisini daha güçlü kılar. Yaşlılar olumlu duygulara odaklandığı için daha fazla risk alır. Ancak kararlarının sonucundan daha fazla tatmin olarak iyi oluş düzeylerini yüksek tutabilirler. Bu durum sağlıklı yaşlılarda daha belirginken sağlıksız yaşlılarda duygu düzenleme becerisinin kararlar üzerindeki etkisi daha zayıftır. Mevcut çalışmada yaşlılık sürecinde duygu düzenleme becerisinin karar öncesi ve sonrasındaki süreçler üzerindeki etkisi sistematik bir biçimde ele alınmıştır.  Bu çalışmada gelecek araştırmalar için teorik bir altyapı sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu ilişkilerin bilinmesi klinik alanda müdahale programları oluşturularak yaşlıların yaşam kalitelerini arttırmada kullanılabilir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• karar verme süreçleri,duygu düzenleme,yaşlanma

Aging and Decision-Making Processes: The Role of Emotion Regulation

Abstract

This review aims to investigate the effect of emotion regulation on decision-making processes in older age in light of previous literature. Emotion regulation is defined as maintaining the positive mood and/or controlling the negative mood. Emotion regulation influence decision-making processes especially under ambiguity. Individuals might try to make optimal decisions as using their emotions. However, this ability does not always lead to optimal decisions. Alternatively, they might regulate their emotions to increase decision satisfaction or overcome their loss. In fact, these effects are more powerful in emotionally charged decisions compared to consciously monitored and effortful decisions as defined in dual-processing model. Later in life, the effect of emotion regulation on pre- and post-decision processes increases due to the decline in cognitive skills and the improvement of emotion regulation skills. However, older adults with severe chronic and fatal diseases cannot use emotion regulation as effective as their healthy peers. This leads to a decrease in the likelihood of optimal decision-making in these patients who already experience reduced cognitive skills. The present study addresses the systematic effects of emotion regulation on pre- and post-decision processes across aging. One of the main aims of the study is to provide a theoretical background for future research. Furthermore, in the clinical field, the information gained from this review can be used to improve the quality of life in late years of life by developing intervention programs.

Keywords

• Decision making,emotion regulation

Kaynakça

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