Prenatal Enflamasyon ve Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu İlişkisi

Öz

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) dikkat eksikliği, hiperaktivite ve dürtüsellik ile karakterize kronik, nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Akademik, sosyal, duygusal ve bilişsel alanlarda bozulma ile seyreder. DEHB etiyolojisinde genetik ve çevresel birçok faktör rol oynamaktadır. DEHB tanısı alanlarda yapılan çok sayıda çalışmada enflamasyon ile ilişkili parametrelerde yükseklik saptanmıştır. Alerjik ve immünolojik durumlar ile DEHB birlikteliği, DEHB etiyolojisinde immün sistem etkisini düşündürmektedir. Prenatal dönemde maruz kalınan enflamasyon ile nörogelişimsel bozukluklar arasındaki güçlü bir ilişki olduğu gösterilmiştir. DEHB oluşumuna neden olabilecek prenatal risk faktörlerinden kabul edilen maternal diyabet, vücut kitle indeksi, preeklampsi, enfeksiyon, annenin kronik veya otoimmün hastalıkları gibi parametreler annenin enflamatuvar profili ile ilişkili bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle intrauterin enflamasyona maruziyet ile DEHB arasındaki ilişki ilgi çekmektedir. Bu derlemede, maternal immün sistem hiperaktivasyonuna neden olabilecek durumlar ile olası prenatal nöroenflamasyon ve DEHB ilişkisi gözden geçirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• inflamasyon
• dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu
• immun aktivasyon

Relationship between Prenatal Inflammation and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD presents impairments in academic, social, emotional and cognitive domains. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the etiology of ADHD. Numerous studies showed that parameters associated with inflammation were higher in patients with ADHD. Due to the co-occurrence of ADHD and allergic and immunologic disorders, it is thought that the immune system has an effect on ADHD etiology. Previous studies showed that there is a strong association between prenatal inflammation exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders. Maternal diabetes mellitus, body mass index, preeclampsia, infections and chronic or autoimmune disorders of the mother are accepted as prenatal risk factors of ADHD. All these risk factors are associated with the immune profile of the mother. Because of this, the association between ADHD and intrauterine inflammation exposure is attractive. In this paper, the association of ADHD and perinatal inflammation due to maternal immune activation is reviewed.

Keywords

• Inflammation
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• immune activation

Kaynakça

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