Bilişsel Esneklik ve Psikolojik Esneklik Kavramlarının Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bireyin yaşadığı zorlu olaylarla baş edebilmesi için birtakım becerilere sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bilişsel esneklik ve psikolojik esneklik de bu beceriler arasında yer almaktadır. Bilişsel esneklik kişinin hayatında karşılaştığı durumlar karşısında farklı seçeneklerinin de olduğunu fark edebilmesi, bu seçenekleri de göz önünde bulundurarak gerekirse başlangıçtaki düşüncesini değiştirebilmesi ve karar verdiği seçenek doğrultusunda davranışlarda bulunabilmesidir. Bilişsel esneklik, bilişsel davranışçı terapilerle sıklıkla ilişkilendirilen bir kavramdır. Psikolojik esneklik ise altı temel öge (kabul, anda olma, bilişsel ayrışma, bağlamsal benlik, değerler ve değerler doğrultusunda yaşam) içeren ve bireyin duygularını, düşüncelerini ve geçmişte yaşadığı olayları değiştirmeye çalışmadan kabul etmesi, anda olması, düşüncelerinden ayrışabilmesi, değerlerini belirleyip onlar doğrultusunda bir yaşam oluşturabilmesini ifade eden bir kavramdır. Psikolojik esnekliğin artırılması kabul ve kararlılık terapisindeki (ACT) temel amaçtır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle bilişsel davranışçı terapiler çerçevesinden bilişsel esneklik açıklanmakta ve alan yazındaki ilgili çalışmalar aktarılmakta; sonrasında ise benzer şekilde psikolojik esneklik ACT çerçevesinden açıklanarak bu kavrama ilişkin alan yazında yapılan çalışmalara yer verilmektedir. Son olarak bilişsel esneklik ve psikolojik esneklik benzer ve farklı yönleri açısından incelenmiş, araştırmacılara ve ruh sağlığı çalışanlarına konuya ilişkin öneriler sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilişsel esneklik
• bilişsel davranışçı terapi
• psikolojik esneklik
• kabul ve adanmışlık terapisi.

Comparison of Concepts of Cognitive Flexibility and Psychological Flexibility

Öz

Individuals need to have some abilities in order to cope with the difficulties that they may experience. Cognitive flexibility and psychological flexibility are within the scope of these abilities. Cognitive flexibility is a person’s being capable of having awareness about alternative options throughout his/her life, and being able to change initial thoughts by taking into consideration these options, and behaving according to the option that they chose. Cognitive flexibility is a concept that has been frequently associated with cognitive behavioral therapies. Psychological flexibility is based on six main components (acceptance, contact with the present moment, cognitive defusion, self as context, values and committed action) and it includes one’s accepting his/her feelings, thoughts and past experiences without trying to change them, living in the present moment, defusing from his/her thoughts, and living a value directed life by determining his/her values. Increasing the level of psychological flexibility is the main purpose of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). In this study, firstly cognitive flexibility was explained in the perspective of cognitive behavioral therapies, and related studies in literature were referred. After that, psychological flexibility was explained in the perspective of ACT, and studies related to this concept were presented in a similar way. Finally, cognitive flexibility and psychological flexibility were examined in terms of their similar and different aspects. Additionally, associated suggestions were presented for researchers and mental health professionals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• cognitive flexibility
• cognitive bahvioral therapy
• psychological flexibility
• acceptance and commitment therapy

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