Genç Yetişkinlerde Aidiyet İhtiyacı ve Bilişsel Esneklik: Olumsuz Duygulanımın Aracı ve Uyumluluğun Düzenleyici Rolü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: Supplement 1, 79 - 86

Selin Yılmaz , Rana Alan

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1432666

Öz

Amaç: Geçmiş çalışmalar aidiyet ihtiyacının bazı duygusal ve bilişsel mekanizmaları açıklayabildiğini öne sürmektedir. Bununla birlikte, hangi bilişsel ve duygusal mekanizmaların aidiyet ihtiyacı tarafından yordanabileceği ve bu ilişkinin farklı kişilik özelliklerine göre değişip değişmediği yeterince açık değildir. Bu çalışmanın genel amacı, aidiyet ihtiyacı ile bilişsel esneklik arasındaki ilişkide duygu ve kişilik özelliklerin rolünü bir model aracılığıyla incelemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın katılımcı grubunda 446’sı kadın, 273’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 719 üniversite öğrencisi yer almaktadır (M ± SSyaş = 21,38 ± 1,97). Veri Toplama Araçları, Standart Bilgi Formu, Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği, Aidiyet İhtiyacı Ölçeği, beş Faktör Kişilik ölçeği, Pozitif ve Negatif Duygudurum Ölçeği’dir.
Bulgular: Aracılık analizi aidiyet ihtiyacının olumsuz duygulanım aracılığıyla bilişsel esneklik üzerinde anlamlı dolaylı etkisini ortaya koymuştur (b =-.0606, t =-3.189). Bu bulgu, aidiyet ihtiyacının olumsuz duygulanımı artırarak bilişsel esnekliği azalttığını göstermektedir. Düzenleyicilik analizi sonuçlarına göre, aidiyet ihtiyacı ile uyumluluk kişilik özelliğinin (aidiyet ihtiyacı X uyumluluk) etkileşim etkisi bilişsel esnekliği anlamlı düzeyde yordamıştır. Buna göre, aidiyet ihtiyacının bilişsel esneklik üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi, düşük uyumluluk durumunda daha güçlüdür.
Sonuç: Mevcut çalışma, uyumluluğun aidiyet ihtiyacının bilişsel esneklik üzerindeki olumsuz etkisini düzenlediğini göstermiştir. En yüksek bilişsel esneklik, daha düşük aidiyet ihtiyacı ve daha yüksek uyumluluk koşullarında gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak aidiyet ihtiyacının bilişsel beceriler üzerindeki etkisine kişilik özellikleri ve duygusal süreçlerin eşlik edebileceği öne sürülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

motivasyon, bilişsel yetenek, kişilik özelliği, ait olma, duygu

Need to Belong and Cognitive Flexibility in Young Adults: Mediating Role of Negative Affect and Moderating Role of Agreeableness

Öz

Objective: Previous studies propose that the need to belong can explain some emotional and cognitive mechanisms. Yet, it is unclear which cognitive and emotional mechanisms may be predicted by the need to belong and whether this relationship varies within different personality traits. The general purpose of this study was to scrutinize the role of emotion and personal traits in the relationship between the need to belong and cognitive flexibility with the help of a model.
Method: A total of 719 university students, 446 female and 273 male, employed the participant group of the study (M ± SDage = 21.38 ± 1.97). Data measurement tools were Standard Information Form, Cognitive Flexibility Scale, Need to Belong Scale, Big Five Personality Traits Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale.
Results: The mediation analysis demonstrated a significant indirect effect of the need to belong on cognitive flexibility through negative affect (b =-.0606, t = -3.189). This finding showed that the need to belong reduced cognitive flexibility by increasing negative affect. With regard to the moderation analysis results, the interaction effect of the need to belong and agreeableness personality trait (need to belong X agreeableness) significantly predicted cognitive flexibility (b =-.1169; CI 95% =-.2033 to -.0304, t =-2.6542, p = 0.0081). Accordingly, the negative direct effect of the need to belong on cognitive flexibility was stronger in the lower agreeableness condition.
Conclusion: The current study indicated that agreeableness moderates the negative effect of the need to belong on cognitive flexibility. The highest cognitive flexibility was observed in the lower need to belong and higher agreeableness conditions. In conclusion, it is suggested that the effect of the need to belong on cognitive abilities may be accompanied by personality traits and emotional processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Motivation, cognitive ability, personality trait, belongingness, emotion

Kaynakça

• Altunkol F (2011) The analysis of the relation between cognitive flexibility and perceived stress levels of college students (Master’s thesis). Adana, Çukurova University.
• Baumeister RF, Leary MR (1995) The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychol Bull, 117:497-529.
• Baumeister RF, Twenge JM, Nuss CK (2002) Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought. J Pers Soc Psychol, 83:817- 827.
• Beekman JB, Stock ML, Marcus T (2016) Need to belong, not rejection sensitivity, moderates cortisol response, self-reported stress, and negative affect following social exclusion. J Soc Psychol, 156:131-138.
• Buelow MT, Okdie BM, Brunell AB, Trost Z (2015) Stuck in a moment and you cannot get out of it: The lingering effects of ostracism on cognition and satisfaction of basic needs. Pers Individ Dif, 76:39-43.
• Burnos A, Skrobowski A (2021) Temperamental and personality traits as factors related to changes in health behaviors and quality of life in patients with metabolic syndrome in Poland. Front Psychol, 12:709935.
• Caouette JD, Guyer AE (2016) Cognitive distortions mediate depression and affective response to social acceptance and rejection. J Affect Disord, 190:792-799.
• Cohen L, Manion L, Morrison K (2000) Research Methods in Education, 5th ed. London, Routledge Falmer.
• Davis RN, Nolen-Hoeksema S (2000) Cognitive inflexibility among ruminators and nonruminators. Cogn Ther, 24:699-711.
• Ernst M, Mohr HM, Schött M, Rickmeyer C, Fischmann T, Leuzinger-Bohleber M et al. (2018) The effects of social exclusion on response inhibition in borderline personality disorder and major depression. Psychiatry Res, 262:333-339.
• Fuhrmann D, Casey CS, Speekenbrink M, Blakemore SJ (2019) Social exclusion affects working memory performance in young adolescent girls. Dev Cogn Neurosci, 40:100718.
• Gabrys RL, Tabri N, Anisman H, Matheson K (2018) Cognitive control and flexibility in the context of stress and depressive symptoms: The cognitive control and flexibility questionnaire. Front Psychol, 9:2219.
• Gencoz T (2000) Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: A study of validity and reliability. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15:19-28.
• Hales AH, Kassner MP, Williams KD, Graziano WG (2016) Disagreeableness as a cause and consequence of ostracism. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 42:782-797.
• Hayes AF (2018) Introduction to the Mediation, Moderation and Conditional Analysis: A Regression-based Approach. New York, Guilford Press.
• Horzum MB, Ayas T, Padır MA (2017) Beş Faktör Kişilik Ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 7:398-408.
• Jensen-Campbell LA, Rosselli M, Workman KA, Santisi M, Rios JD, Bojan D (2002) Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and effortful control processes. J Res Pers, 36:476- 489.
• James TL, Lowry PB, Wallace L, Warkentin M (2017) The effect of belongingness on obsessive-compulsive disorder in the use of online social networks. J Manag Inf Syst, 34:560-596.
• Kim HY (2013) Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restor Dent Endod, 38:52-54.
• Leary MR, Kelly KM, Cottrell CA, Schreindorfer LS (2013) Construct validity of the need to belong scale: Mapping the nomological network. J Pers Asses, 95:610-624.
• Leary MR (2021) The need to belong, the sociometer, and the pursuit of relational value: Unfinished business. Self Identity, 20:126-143.
• Martin MM, Rubin RB (1995) A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychol Rep, 76:623- 626.
• McCrae RR, Costa PT (2003) Personality in Adulthood: A Five Factor Theory Perspective. NewYork, Guilford Press.
• Ni Y, Tein JY, Zhang M, Zhen F, Huang F, Huang Y et al. (2020) The need to belong: A parallel process latent growth curve model of late life negative affect and cognitive function. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 89:104049.
• Otten M, Jonas KJ (2013) Out of the group, out of control? The brain responds to social exclusion with changes in cognitive control. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 8:789-94.
• Pickett CL, Gardner WL, Knowles M (2004) Getting a cue: The need to belong and enhanced sensitivity to social cues. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 30:1095-1107.
• Rammstedt B, John OP (2007) Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the big five inventory in English and German. J Res Pers, 41:203-212.
• Selfhout M, Burk W, Branje S, Denissen J, Van Aken M, Meeus W (2010) Emerging late adolescent friendship networks and Big Five personality traits: A social network approach. J Pers, 78:509-538.
• Waldrip AM (2007) The power of ostracism: can personality influence reactions to social exclusion? (Doctoral dissertation) Arlington, TX, The University of Texas at Arlington.
• Wang H, Braun C, Enck P (2017) How the brain reacts to social stress (exclusion)–A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 80:80-88.
• Watson D, Clark AL, Tellegen A (1988) Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. J Pers Soc Psychol, 54:1063-1070.
• Xu M, Qiao L, Qi S, Li Z, Diao L, Fan L et al. (2018) Social exclusion weakens storage capacity and attentional filtering ability in visual working memory. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 13:92-101.
• Xu M, Li Z, Qi S, Fan L, Zhou X, Yang D (2020). Social exclusion modulates dual mechanisms of cognitive control: Evidence from ERPs. Hum Brain Mapp, 41:2669-2685.