Araştırma Makalesi

The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis

Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1 30 Haziran 2026
PDF İndir
EN TR

The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis

Öz

This study aims to examine the effects of the indicators included in the Global Trade Modernization Index (GTMI) on countries’ levels of global competitiveness through a cross-sectional data analysis. Accordingly, the analysis utilizes data from 46 countries based on the 2024 editions of the GTMI and the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). The five components of the GTMI are incorporated into the model as independent variables, whereas the GCI is included as the dependent variable. The findings indicate that trade openness, paperless trade, and institutional readiness exert statistically significant and positive effects on global competitiveness. Paperless trade reduces transaction costs through digital documentation and automated processes, which in turn increases both operational efficiency and responsiveness, ultimately supporting competitiveness. Institutional readiness, meanwhile, underscores the importance of investing in technological infrastructure and fostering institutional arrangements that can adapt to digital systems, highlighting these factors as critical determinants of global competitiveness. In contrast, the effects of human capital and the regulatory environment were found to be statistically insignificant. Taken together, the findings emphasize that strengthening digital trade infrastructures facilitates deeper integration into global markets and enhances countries’ competitive advantages.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Arshad, M. U., Shabbir, M. N., & Niazi, M. (2023). Trade openness and public innovation: A causality analysis. Sage Open, 13(3), 21582440231201750. https://doi.org/10.1177/215824402312017
  2. Asia Global Institute, ICC Digital Standards Initiative, & Milken Institute. (2024, March). Global trade modernization index (Beta version). https://www.asiaglobalinstitute.hku.hk/storage/app/media/GTMI%20booklet%20.pdf
  3. Aztimur, H., & Kaya, L. (2023). Ticari açıklık ile Ar-Ge harcamaları ilişkisi: g-20 ülkeleri için ampirik bir inceleme. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(87), 763-775. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1200519
  4. Cora, Ç. R., & Uncuoğlu Yolcu, İ. (2022). Dijitalleşmenin dış ticaret üzerine etkisi ve kâğıtsız dış ticaret [The effect of digitalization on foreign trade and paperless foreign trade]. Atlas International Refereed Journal on Social Sciences, 8(47), 2597–2610. https://doi.org/10.31568/atlas.825
  5. Demir, Ç., & Doğukanlı, H. (2025). Türkiye’de BIST 100’de yer alan sanayi sektörü endeks getirilerinin döviz kuru riskine duyarlılığı: forex betalarının ölçümü. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 34(1), 858-879. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1432942
  6. Duval, Y., & Hardy, S. (2021). A primer on quantifying the environmental benefits of cross-border paperless trade facilitation (No. 206). ARTNeT Working Paper Series.
  7. Görgülü, S., & Gökçen, G. (2025). Olağan dışı finansal koşullarda yönetim muhasebesi uygulamalarının temel rekabet stratejilerine etkileri. Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 25(76), 387-408. https://doi.org/10.55322/mdbakis.1708031
  8. Gür, B. (2021). Ticari dışa açıklık ve enflasyon ilişkisi: BRICS-T ülkeleri için Romer hipotezinin sınanması. International Journal of Applied Economic and Finance Studies, 6(1), 35-45.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

E-Ticaret

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

25 Ekim 2025

Kabul Tarihi

23 Ocak 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yılmaz, B. (2026). The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis. Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.47097/piar.1810728
AMA
1.Yılmaz B. The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis. piar. 2026;13(1):20-33. doi:10.47097/piar.1810728
Chicago
Yılmaz, Burcu. 2026. “The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi 13 (1): 20-33. https://doi.org/10.47097/piar.1810728.
EndNote
Yılmaz B (01 Haziran 2026) The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis. Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi 13 1 20–33.
IEEE
[1]B. Yılmaz, “The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis”, piar, c. 13, sy 1, ss. 20–33, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.47097/piar.1810728.
ISNAD
Yılmaz, Burcu. “The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi 13/1 (01 Haziran 2026): 20-33. https://doi.org/10.47097/piar.1810728.
JAMA
1.Yılmaz B. The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis. piar. 2026;13:20–33.
MLA
Yılmaz, Burcu. “The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 13, sy 1, Haziran 2026, ss. 20-33, doi:10.47097/piar.1810728.
Vancouver
1.Burcu Yılmaz. The impact of paperless trade, trade openness, and institutional readiness on global competitiveness: A cross-sectional analysis. piar. 01 Haziran 2026;13(1):20-33. doi:10.47097/piar.1810728

Bu dergide yer alan çalışmalar, Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) uluslararası lisanslıdır. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

download?token=eyJhdXRoX3JvbGVzIjpbXSwiZW5kcG9pbnQiOiJqb3VybmFsIiwib3JpZ2luYWxuYW1lIjoiaW1hZ2UucG5nIiwicGF0aCI6ImEwNWYvOTBjZC81MTE1LzZhMGRhMjhkNDYzZmE2LjQ2ODk3ODYxLnBuZyIsImV4cCI6MTc3OTI4MjA3Nywibm9uY2UiOiJjNmNkZmNkMThkZTE2ODJjYzBmYjJlOGFjYWJkNjVjNyJ9.sowGgwDTOHnzC6-o9iwAWb7PR45OaAy4LyVTJ8swDUs