ÖNGÖRÜCÜ POLİSLİK: SUÇ ÖNLEME VE TEMEL HAKLARI DENGELEMEK

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 343 - 373, 24.07.2025

Volkan Maviş

Öz

Suçun henüz işlenmeden engellenmesine yönelik bir çaba olan suç öngörüsü yeni bir kavram değildir. Öte yandan, teknolojik gelişmelerin de etkisiyle, öngörücü tekniklerin kolluk kuvvetlerince kullanımı suç oranlarını azaltmak ve kaynak verimliliğini artırmak amaçlarıyla önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Söz konusu tekniklerin sağladığı düşünülen avantajlara karşın, suç öngörüsü fikrine suistimale açık yapısına istinaden dikkatle yaklaşılmalıdır. Bu bağlamda, makale, önceki deneyimlerin de gösterdiği gibi, öngörüye dayalı polisliğin etkinliği, şeffaflığı ve etik sonuçlarıyla ilgili önemli endişeleri vurgulamaktadır. Özellikle, önyargılı veri kullanımı, algoritmik şeffaflık eksikliği ve özel hayatın gizliliği ile masumiyet karinesi gibi temel hakların ihlali gibi risklere dikkat çekilmesi gerekmektedir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Avrupa’dan örnekler üzerinden yapılan değerlendirmeyle, makale, öngörüye dayalı polisliğin kısa vadeli bazı avantajlar sunmakla birlikte, uygun şekilde düzenlenip eleştirel olarak değerlendirilmediği takdirde, uzun vadede demokratik hesap verebilirlik, kamu güveni ve toplumsal eşitlik açısından ciddi tehditler oluşturduğunu savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Öngörücü polislik , önleyici polislik , suç öngörüsü , suç önleme , PredPol

PREDICTIVE POLICING: BALANCING CRIME PREVENTION AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Öz

Crime prediction is not a new concept in the effort to prevent criminal activities before they occur. However, with the help of technological advancements, the use of predictive techniques by law enforcement agencies has increased significantly, aiming to reduce crime and improve resource efficiency. Despite these perceived advantages, the idea of crime prediction must be approached with great caution due to its exploitable nature. In this respect, the paper highlights significant concerns related to its effectiveness, transparency, and ethical implications, as demonstrated by previous experiences. Particular attention must be given to the risks of biased data, algorithmic opacity, and the violation of fundamental rights such as privacy and the presumption of innocence. Drawing from examples in the United States and Europe, the paper argues that although predictive policing may offer short-term advantages, it poses significant long-term threats to democratic accountability, public trust, and social equity if not properly regulated and critically evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Predictive policing , preventive policing , crime prediction , crime prevention , PredPol

Kaynakça

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