Adaptation of Urban Areas: Climate Shelters and the Case of Europe

Abstract

Today, adverse climate effects in densely constructed urban areas make public space and infrastructure systems insufficient to meet the comfort conditions of the city residents. The Urban Innovative Actions Initiative, an initiative of the European Union that produces solutions to the environmental and social problems that arise in urban areas in Europe, carries out various practices in various regions of Europe to adapt different areas determined at the urban scale to climate change. One of the alternative solutions supported by the Urban Innovative Actions for climate change is climate shelters. Climate shelters are defined as adaptable spaces that help urban users protect themselves from the effects of heat waves, cold weather, or excessive precipitation and are sensitive to climate change through blue, green, and gray infrastructure interventions. These pilot projects, which have been realized, appear as integrated approaches that meet the physical and social needs of urban residents with ecological and sustainable materials and multiple participatory groups. The aim of this study is to analyze the examples of the Climate Shelter project, which was piloted in existing school areas in the cities of Barcelona and Paris between 2018 and 2021, through their development processes. It is seen that the climate shelter examples in Barcelona and Paris play an important role in reducing the negative environmental effects of climate changes. The dissemination of these projects will further increase the positive effects of urban spaces and open spaces on the climate.

Keywords

• Adaptation of Urban Areas: Climate Shelters and the Case of Europe

Kentsel Alanların Adaptasyonu: İklim Sığınakları ve Avrupa Örneği

Öz

Günümüzde yoğun olarak yapılaşmış kentlerde olumsuz iklim etkileri kamusal alan ve altyapı sistemlerini ve kent sakinlerinin konfor koşullarını karşılamada yetersiz bırakmaktadır. Avrupa’daki kentsel alanlarda beliren çevresel ve sosyal sorunlara çözüm üreten Avrupa Birliği’nin bir inisiyatifi olan Kentsel Yenilikçi Eylemler Girişimi (Urban Innovative Actions-UIA), Avrupa’nın çeşitli bölgelerinde kent ölçeğinde belirlenmiş farklı alanları iklim değişikliğine uyarlamak için çeşitli uygulamalar yapmaktadır. İklim sığınakları UIA’nın iklim değişikliğine yönelik desteklediği alternatif çözümlerinden birisidir. İklim sığınakları, ısı dalgası, soğuk hava ya da fazla yağış etkilerinden kent kullanıcılarının kendilerini korumasına yardımcı olan ve mavi, yeşil ve gri altyapı müdahaleleri yoluyla iklim değişikliğine duyarlı, adapte edilebilir mekan tasarımları olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Gerçekleştirilen bu pilot projeler, ekolojik ve sürdürülebilir malzemelerle, çoklu katılımcı gruplarla kentliler için fiziksel ve sosyal açıdan çeşitli ihtiyaçların karşılandığı entegre yaklaşımlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2018–2021 yılları arasında Barselona ve Paris kentlerinde mevcut okul alanlarında pilot uygulaması yapılmış İklim Sığınakları projesi örneklerini gelişim süreçleri üzerinden analiz etmektir. Barselona ve Paris’teki iklim sığınağı örneklerinin, iklim değişikliklerinin olumsuz çevre etkilerinin azaltılmasında önemli rol üstlendiği görülmektedir. Bu projelerin yaygınlaştırılması, özellikle kentsel mekan ve açık alanların iklim üzerinde yarattıkları olumlu etkilerin daha da arttırılmasını sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adapte edilebilir çevre
• iklim değişikliği
• iklim barınakları
• okul bahçeleri
• Kentsel Yenilikçi Eylemler

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