Türkiye Bağlamında Biyofilik Planlama Yaklaşımı: İzmir Örneği

Öz

Biyofilik kentleşme yaklaşımı, doğa ile insan arasındaki kopan ilişkiyi yeniden kurmayı hedefleyen ve kentleri sosyal-ekolojik sistemler olarak ele alan bütüncül bir planlama paradigmasıdır. İklim değişikliği, hızlı kentleşme, ekolojik bozulma ve toplumsal refah kaybı gibi sorunların arttığı günümüzde biyofilik ilkeler; sürdürülebilirlik, sağlık ve dirençlilik politikalarının kesişiminde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, biyofilik kentleşmenin uluslararası ölçekte nasıl kurumsallaştığını incelemekte ve bu yaklaşımdan elde edilen deneyimleri Türkiye’nin planlama sistemiyle ilişkilendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, literatür taraması, doküman analizi ve karşılaştırmalı örnek olay incelemesinin birlikte kullanıldığı nitel bir desene dayanmaktadır. Singapur, Wellington, Norfolk ve Portland kentleri biyofilik politika, yönetişim ve mekânsal stratejileri bakımından değerlendirilmiş; elde edilen bulgular Türkiye’deki yasal, yönetsel ve mekânsal planlama yapısıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular, uluslararası örneklerde biyofilik kentleşmenin yalnızca fiziksel yeşil alan artışıyla sınırlı kalmadığını; doğa temelli çözümler, veri odaklı yönetim, toplumsal katılım ve iklim uyumu politikalarıyla bütünleşen bir yönetişim modeli oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Türkiye bağlamında ise biyofilik yaklaşımın kurumsallaşmasının erken aşamada olduğu, ancak İzmir, Karşıyaka’da gerçekleştirilen uygulamaların bu dönüşüm için önemli bir temel oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Çalışma, biyofilik kentleşmenin Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir, dirençli ve insan odaklı kent politikalarının şekillenmesi için bütüncül bir çerçeve sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyofilik kent
• biyofilik tasarım
• doğa temelli çözümler
• kentsel sürdürülebilirlik

Biophilic Planning Approaches in the Turkish Context: The Case of İzmir

Öz

The biophilic urbanisation approach is a holistic planning paradigm that seeks to restore the broken relationship between humans and nature, conceptualising cities as socio-ecological systems. In an era marked by climate change, rapid urbanisation, ecological degradation, and declining societal well-being, biophilic principles lie at the intersection of sustainability, public health, and resilience policies. This study examines how biophilic urbanisation has been institutionalised at the international scale and aims to relate the insights derived from this approach to Türkiye’s planning system. The research is based on a qualitative design that integrates literature review, document analysis, and comparative case study methods. The cities of Singapore, Wellington, Norfolk and Portland are evaluated in terms of their biophilic policies, governance structures, and spatial strategies, and the findings are compared with Türkiye’s legal, administrative, and spatial planning framework. The results indicate that biophilic urbanisation in international cases extends far beyond the mere expansion of green spaces; instead, it constitutes a governance model integrated with nature-based solutions, data-driven management, public participation, and climate adaptation policies. In the Turkish context, biophilic urbanisation is at an early stage of institutionalisation; however, the initiatives implemented in İzmir, Karşıyaka, provide a significant basis for this transformation. Overall, the study demonstrates that biophilic urbanisation offers a comprehensive framework for shaping sustainable, resilient, and human-centred urban policies in Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biophilic city
• biophilic design
• nature-based solutions
• urban sustainability

Kaynakça

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