Multi-Objective Optimization of an Aircraft Wing Spar Section

Öz

ABSTRACT Natural frequency is a critical parameter in wing design. The fact that the natural frequency of the wing is small causes the wing to displace more, while at the same time, it can cause resonance when the natural frequency of the wing and the natural frequency of the air are equal. Studies carried out to increase the natural frequency of the wing can increase the rigidity of the wing while increasing its mass. This study identified a multiobjective optimization problem for increasing the natural frequency of wings without increasing the wing mass. For this objective, optimization of the wing spar element was carried out. The wing cross-sectional geometry parameters are taken as design variables. Minimizing the weight of the wing and maximizing the first natural frequency of the wing are defined as objective functions. A multiobjective optimization study was carried out to increase the natural frequency of the wing and reduce its mass. This research aims to design a wing spar section with optimum properties in terms of natural frequency and weight of the cross-sectional geometry of the spar element from the wing internal structure elements. To perform the optimization process, modeling the parametric geometry, calculation of the pressure distribution on the wing, stress and displacement by static analysis, and calculation of the natural frequency by the modal analysis model was constructed via the Ansys Workbench environment. A multiobjective genetic algorithm was used in the optimization study using the response surface method. As a result of the study, the wing’s first natural frequency increased by 14%, and the wing mass decreased by about 5%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Wing
• wing section
• natural frequency
• response surface methodology
• optimization

Proje Numarası

118C100

Bir Hava Aracının Çok Amaçlı Kanat Kiriş Kesit Optimizasyonu

Öz

ÖZ Kanat tasarımında kritik ve dikkat edilmesi gereken parametrelerden birisi de doğal frekanstır. Kanadın doğal frekansının küçük olması kanadın daha fazla yer değiştirmesine neden olur. Diğer taraftan kanadın doğal frekansı ile havanın doğal frekansı eşit olduğunda rezonansa neden olabilir ve bu durumda kanatta yapısal hasar oluşabilir. Kanat doğal frekansını arttırmak için yapılan çalışmalar kanadın rijitliğini arttırırken aynı zamanda, kütle artışına neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada, kanat kütlesinin arttırılmadan doğal frekansının arttırılması amacıyla çok amaçlı optimizasyon problemi kurularak kanat kiriş elemanın optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kesit geometrisi şekil parametreleri tasarım değişkenleri olarak alınmış, kanat ağırlığının minimizasyonu ve kanadın birinci doğal frekansının maksimizasyonu amaç fonksiyonu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Kanadın hem doğal frekansının arttırılması hem de kütlesinin azaltılması amacıyla çok amaçlı bir optimizasyon çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında kanat iç yapı elemanlarından kiriş elemanının kesit geometrisinin doğal frekans ve ağırlık açısından optimum özelliklere sahip kanat kiriş kesiti tasarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Optimizasyon işlemini gerçekleştirmek için Ansys Workbench ortamında parametrik geometri modeli oluşturulmuş, kanat üzerinde oluşan basınç hesaplanmış, statik analiz ile gerilme ve yer değiştirme, modal analiz ile doğal frekans hesaplanmıştır. Cevap yüzey yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen optimizasyon çalışmasında çok amaçlı genetik algoritma kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda kanat birinci doğal frekansında % 14 artış sağlanırken aynı zamanda kanat ağırlığında yaklaşık %5 hafifleme sağlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kanat
• kiriş kesiti
• doğal frekans
• cevap yüzey yöntemi
• optimizasyon

Destekleyen Kurum

Tübitak

Proje Numarası

118C100

Teşekkür

TÜBİTAK 2244 Sanayi Doktora Programı kapsamında verilen bursiyer desteğine teşekkür ederiz (Proje No:118C100)

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