Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems Providing Primary Frequency Control Service

Öz

The increasing share of renewable energy sources in the system leads to a decrease in system inertia and a weakening of frequency stability. Sudden power imbalances occurring under low inertia conditions lead to faster and higher amplitude frequency deviations, while conventional generation units cannot adequately respond to these rapid changes. Therefore, thanks to their short response time and bidirectional active power support, battery energy storage systems stand out as an effective solution for frequency control applications. In this study, a battery model providing primary frequency control services was created in the MATLAB/Simulink environment using grid frequency data for 2023. The dead band, depth of discharge and level of charge set point parameters were optimized using the grid search algorithm to effectively utilize battery energy storage systems in primary frequency control and improve their performance. The system parameters determined from the simulation studies are observed to have significant effects on the annual capacity decay of the battery, the number of cycles, and the system revenue. As a result, it becomes clear that operating battery energy storage systems in accordance with primary frequency control service requirements has a decisive impact on system performance and economic efficiency.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Primary frequency control
• battery energy storage systems
• capacity reduction
• charge control

Primer Frekans Kontrol Hizmeti Veren Batarya Enerji Depolama Sistemlerinin Kontrolü

Öz

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının sistemdeki payının artması, sistem ataletinin azalmasına ve frekans kararlılığının zayıflamasına neden olmaktadır. Düşük atalet koşullarında meydana gelen ani güç dengesizlikleri, frekansın daha hızlı ve yüksek genlikli sapmalar göstermesine yol açmakta, geleneksel üretim birimleri ise bu hızlı değişimlere yeterli yanıt verememektedir. Bu nedenle, kısa tepki süresi ve çift yönlü aktif güç desteği gibi özellikleri sayesinde batarya enerji depolama sistemleri, frekans kontrolü uygulamaları için etkili bir çözüm olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2023 yılına ait şebeke frekans verileri ile MATLAB/Simulink ortamında Primer frekans kontrol hizmeti veren batarya modeli oluşturulmuştur. Ölü bant, deşarj derinliği ve şarj durumu ayar noktası parametreleri ile batarya enerji depolama sistemlerinin primer frekans kontrolü hizmetinde etkin şekilde kullanılabilmesi ve performansının artırılması amacıyla ızgara arama algoritması ile optimize edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen benzetim çalışmaları sonucunda belirlenen sistem parametrelerinin, bataryanın yıllık kapasite azalması, döngü sayısı ve sistem geliri üzerinde önemli etkiler oluşturduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Sonuç olarak, batarya enerji depolama sistemlerinin primer frekans kontrol hizmeti gerekliliklerine uygun şekilde işletilebilmesinin, sistem performansı ve ekonomik verimlilik üzerinde belirleyici bir etkiye sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Primer frekans kontrolü
• batarya enerji depolama sistemleri
• kapasite azalması
• şarj kontrolü

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