Blockchain Technology for Digital Identity Management: A Systematic Mapping Study

Yıl 2020, , 483 - 496, 01.06.2020

Çetin Karahan , Aslıhan Tüfekci

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.654503

Cited By: 2

Öz

The digital identity, which is a must for accessing many online products and services, lets individuals to proove that they really are who they claim to be when it is securely associated with real world identities. Besides, digital identity is one of the most important elements of digitalization. However, there are some deficiencies in existing applications related to design, implementation, management and security of digital identities. The principal deficiencies may be count as the risks of improper use of data and violation of privacy arising from being under the control of central authorities such as governments or technology giants, and inconsistent data and nonproductive business processes arising from duplication of identity data amongst different authorities. Blockchain technology has a potential to eliminate these problems and nonproductivity by its inherent characteristics. Since its first emerge in 2008, blockchain technology has been closely followed and the field of application consistently expanded. Today, governments, international organizations such as United Nations and European Union and private sector carry out research, modelling and prototype development studies on digital identity with blockchain. In this study, systematic mapping method was used to have a holistic insight about the researches on utilization of blockchain for digital identity and it is also aimed to provide a perspective for future works.

Anahtar Kelimeler

blockchain, digital identity, systematic mapping

Blokzincir Teknolojisinin Dijital Kimlik Yönetiminde Kullanımı: Bir Sistematik Haritalama Çalışması

Öz

Çevrimiçi
sunulan birçok ürün ve hizmete internet üzerinden erişerek işlem
gerçekleştirmek için kullanılması zorunlu olan dijital kimlik, gerçek dünya
kimlikleri ile güvenli biçimde ilişkilendirildiğinde insanların gerçekten iddia
ettikleri kişi olduklarını kanıtlamalarını sağlamakta olup dijitalleşmenin en
önemli unsurlarından biridir. Dijital kimliklerin tasarımı, kullanılması,
yönetimi ve güvenliği gibi konularda mevcut uygulamalarda bazı sorunlar
yaşanmaktadır. Bu sorunlardan en önemlileri arasında kimlik sistemlerinin
devletler ya da büyük teknoloji şirketleri gibi merkezi otoritelerin
kontrolünde olması, bu durumun verilerin usulsüz kullanımı ve mahremiyetin
ihlal edilmesi risklerini doğurması, aynı bilgilerin farklı otoritelerce
tutulması zorunluluğundan kaynaklanan veri tutarsızlıkları ve verimsiz iş
süreçleri sayılabilir. Blokzincir teknolojisinin yapısal özellikleri mevcut
sistemdeki bu verimsizlik ve problemleri gidermek için oldukça uygundur. 2008
yılında ilk ortaya çıkmasından bu yana sürekli olarak artan bir ilgiyle takip
edilen ve uygulama sahası sürekli olarak genişleyen blokzincir teknolojisi
konusunda hem devletler hem de Birleşmiş Milletler ve Avrupa Birliği gibi
uluslararası kuruluşlar ve özel sektör tarafından dijital kimlik özelinde araştırma,
model ve prototip geliştirme çalışmaları yürütülmektedir. Bu çalışmada,
blokzincir teknolojisinin dijital kimlik alanında kullanımına ilişkin
çalışmalar ve elde edilen çıktılar hakkında bütünsel bir fikir edinmek ve
geleceğe yönelik bir perspektif sunmak amacıyla, sistematik haritalama metodu
kullanılarak konu incelenmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blokzincir, dijital kimlik yönetimi, sistematik haritalama

Kaynakça

• Karahan Ç. ve Tüfekci A., “Blokzincir Teknolojisinin İç Denetim Faaliyetlerine Etkileri: Fırsatlar ve Tehditler”, Denetişim, 19:55-72, (2019).
• Usta A. ve S. Doğantekin, “Blockchain 101”, Kapital Medya Hizmetleri A.Ş., İstanbul, (2017).
• Berryhill J., Bourgery T. ve Hanson A., “Blockchains Unchained: Blockchain Technology and its Use in the Public Sector”, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No. 28, OECD Publishing, Paris, (2018).
• Grüner A., Mühle A. ve Meinel C., “On the Relevance of Blockchain in Identity”, arXiv:1807.08136, (2018).
• Sullivan C. L. ve Burger E. W., “Blockchain, Digital Identity, E-government”, Business Transformation through Blockchain Volume II, Springer International, 233-258, New York, (2019).
• Killmeyer J., White M. ve Chew B., “Will blockchain transform the public sector?”, Deloitte University Press, 14, Washington, (2017).
• Petersen K., Vakkalanka S. ve Kuzniarz L., “Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update”, Information and Software Technology, 64:1-18, (2015).
• Collaboration for Environmental Evidence, “Guidelines for Systematic Review and Evidence Synthesis in Environmental Management Version 4.2.”, Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Bangor University, UK, (2013).
• Haddaway N. R., Bernes C., Jonsson B.-G. ve Hedlund K., “The benefits of systematic mapping to evidence-based environmental management”, Ambio, 45 (5):613-620, (2016).
• Stokkink Q. ve Pouwelse J., “Deployment of a Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity”, ArXiv, (2018).
• Biryukov A., Khovratovich D. ve Tikhomirov S., “Privacy-preserving KYC on Ethereum”, 1st ERCIM Blockchain Workshop, Amsterdam, (2018).
• Dunphy P. ve Petitcolas F. A. P., “A First Look at Identity Management Schemes on the Blockchain”, IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine, 16(4):20-29, (2018).
• Khursid A. ve Gadnis A., “Using Blockchain to Create Transaction Identity for Persons Experiencing Homelessness in America: Policy Proposal”, JMIR Research Protocols, 8(3): e10654, (2019).
• Othman A., ve Callahan J., “The Horcrux Protocol: A Method for Decentralized Biometric-based Self-sovereign Identity”, ArXiv:1711.07127v1, (2017).
• Ghazali O., ve Saleh O. S., “A Graduation Certificate Verification Model via Utilization of the Blockchain Technology”, Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC), 10(3-2):29-34, (2018).
• Chaudron S. ve Eichinger H., “Eagle-eye on identities in the digital world: evolution and challenges”, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, (2018).
• Dhau S. B. ve Rohman I., “Global Challenge of Identity: Blockchain E-ID System for a Sustainable Development and Good Governance”, International Conference EGOV-CeDEM-ePart, Guimarães, (2018).
• Ferrarini B., Maupin J. ve Hinojales M., “Distributed Ledger Technologies for Developing Asia”, ADB Economics Working Paper Series ; No. 533, (2017).
• Wadhwa S., “Decentralized digital identity management using blockchain and its implication on public sector”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dublin: Dublin Business School, (2019).
• Fridgen G., Guggenmos F., Lockl J., ve Rieger A., “Challenges and Opportunities of Blockchain-based Platformization of Digital Identities in the Public Sector”, Workshop on Platformization in the Public Sector, Portsmouth, (2018).
• Lazarovich A., “Invisible Ink: blockchain for data privacy”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (2015).
• Stevens L., “Self-Sovereign Identities for Humanitarian Interventions, A Case Study on Protective Cash Transfer Programs”, Delft University of Technology, (2018).
• Lockl J., Rieger A., Fridgen G., Röglinger M., ve Urbach N., “Towards a Theory of Decentral Digital Process Ecosystems : Evidence from the Case of Digital Identities”, 26. European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS2018), Portsmouth, (2018).
• Fredriksson B., “A Distributed Public Key Infrastructure for the Web Backed by a Blockchain”, Yüksel Lisans Tezi, Stockholm: Royal Inst. of Technology, (2017).
• Dykcik L., Chuat L., Szalachowski P., ve Perrig A., “BlockPKI: An Automated, Resilient, and Transparent Public-Key Infrastructure”, ArXiv:1809.09544v1, 2018.
• Oliver M., Moreno J., Prieto G. ve Benítez D., “Using blockchain as a tool for tracking and verification of official degrees: business model”, 29th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS), (2018).
• Sullivan C. L., ve Burger E. W., “E-Residency and Blockchain”, Computer Law & Security Review, 33(4):470-481, (2017).
• Baars D. S., “Towards self-sovereign identity using blockchain technology”, University of Twente, Twente, (2016).
• Rivera R., Robledo J. G., Larios V. M., ve Avalos J. M., “How digital identity on blockchain can contribute in a smart city environment”, International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) , (2017).
• Lee J.-H., “BIDaaS: Blockchain Based ID As a Service”, IEEE Access, 6:2274-2279, (2018).
• Zhu X., ve Badr Y., “Identity Management Systems for the Internet of Things: A Survey Towards Blockchain Solutions”, Sensors, 18(12):4215, (2018).
• Arner D. W., Buckley R. P., ve Zetzsche D. A., “Fintech for Financial Inclusion: A Framework for Digital Financial Transformation”, Alliance for Financial Inclusion, (2018).
• Augot D., Chabanne H., Clémot O., ve George W., “Transforming Face-to-Face Identity Proofing into Anonymous Digital Identity Using the Bitcoin Blockchain”, Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust, Paris, (2017).
• Angiulli F., Fassetti F., Furfaro A., ve Piccolo A., “Achieving Service Accountability Through Blockchain and Digital Identity”, Forum of 30th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE'18 Forum), Calabria, (2018).
• Orman H., “Blockchain: the Emperors New PKI?”, IEEE Internet Computing, 22(2):23-28, (2018).
• Wolfond G., “A Blockchain Ecosystem for Digital Identity: Improving Service Delivery in Canada’s Public and Private Sectors”, Technology Innovation Management Review, 7(10):35-40, (2017).
• Takemiya M., ve Vanieiev B., “Sora Identity: Secure, Digital Identity on the Blockchain”, 2018 IEEE 42nd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), (2018).
• Lim S. Y., Fotsing P. T., Almasri A., Musa O., Kiah M. L. M., Ang T. F., ve Ismail R., “Blockchain Technology the Identity Management and Authentication Service Disruptor: A Survey”, International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 8:1735-1745, (2018).
• Buccafurri F., Lax G., Russo A. ve G. Zunino, “Integrating Digital Identity and Blockchain”, OTM 2018 Conferences, (2018).
• Chalaemwongwan N., ve Kurutach W., “A Practical National Digital ID Framework on Blockchain (NIDBC)”, 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), Mahanakorn, (2018).
• Mühle A., Grüner A., Gayvoronskaya T., ve Meinel C., “A survey on essential components of a self-sovereign identity”, Computer Science Review, 30:80-86, (2018).
• Bakre A., Patil N., ve Gupta S., “Implementing Decentralized Digital Identity using Blockchain”, International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research, IJETSR, 379-385, (2017).
• Robinson R., “Blockchain and a Digital Identity System: Simply another mislead application of a popular technology”, Tuft University, (2016).
• Kikitamara S., “Digital Identity Management on Blockchain for Open Model Energy System”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Radboud University, 2017.
• Identification for Development (ID4D), “2018 Annual Report”, World Bank, New York, (2019).