Producing a Composite Material Using Mushroom as Binder, Determining Its Ignition Time and Water Absorption

Öz

Factors such as using renewable resources utilization of waste materials as raw materials, high biodegradability of wastes have major importance to ensure sustainability. Using agricultural wastes, which are renewable natural fibers on an annual basis, as raw materials in composite production also means that waste materials are kept in the material cycle. When considered as a raw material, mushroom is also a renewable resource and it takes part in material production since mycelium acts as an adhesive with its enzymes between natural fibers. Due to being completely organic, composite materials made of mushroom and natural fibers can be fully degraded in nature at the end of their product life cycle. In this study, a composite material has been developed by using wheat straw as the substrate and mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus as the binder while the production method is an organic growth process. In flammability tests, it was measured that the ignition started at the 67th second. After immersion in water for 24 hours, it is determined that the water absorption value of the material is 257% and thickness expansion is between 2.55-3.63%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mycelium
• agricultural waste
• composite material
• sustainability
• flammability

Mantarın Bağlayıcı Olarak Kullanıldığı Bir Kompozit Malzemenin Üretilmesi ve Tutuşma Süresi ile Su Alma Özelliklerinin Tespiti

Öz

Sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması için yenilenebilir kaynak kullanımı, atık malzemelerin hammadde olarak değerlendirilmesi, atıkların biyo-çözünürlüğünün yüksek olması gibi faktörler büyük önem arz etmektedir. Doğal lifler, yenilenebilir kaynak olarak kompozit malzeme geliştirmede kullanılabilmekte; yıllık bazda yenilenebilen tarımsal atıkların kompozit malzemelerde hammadde olarak kullanılması ise aynı zamanda atık malzemelerin malzeme döngüsüne dahil edilmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Hammadde olarak ele alındığında mantar da yenilenebilir bir kaynak olmakta; enzimleriyle bulunduğu ortamdaki doğal lifler arasında yapıştırıcı görevi gören miselyum, malzeme üretiminde kullanılabilmektedir. Mantarın ve doğal liflerin kullanıldığı kompozit malzemeler tamamen organik olan yapıları sayesinde ürün yaşam döngülerini tamamladıktan sonra doğada tamamen bozunabilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, biyolojik etkinliği yüksek olan ve hızlı lif oluşturabilen mantar türlerinden biri olan Pleurotus ostreatus türüne ait miselyumun bağlayıcı; tarımsal atık olan buğday sapının ise substrat olarak kullanıldığı ve üretimi organik bir büyüme süreci şeklinde gerçekleşen bir kompozit malzeme geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen malzeme alev kaynağına 10, 30 ve 60 saniye maruz bırakıldığında kararma olduğu; 67. saniyede ise tutuşmanın başladığı gözlenmiştir. 24 saat suya daldırma sonucunda su alma değerinin %257 ve suda kalınlığa şişme değerinin %2.55-3.63 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Miselyum
• tarımsal atık
• kompozit malzeme
• sürdürülebilirlik
• tutuşma

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma; Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Endüstriyel Tasarım Anabilim Dalında Tez Çalışması kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntem geliştirme konusunda vermiş olduğu destek için Prof. Dr. Gıyasettin KAŞIK’a teşekkür ederiz.

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