LİMAN MERKEZLİ LOJİSTİK PERSPEKTİFİNDEN KATMA DEĞERLİ LOJİSTİK HİZMETLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR LİTERATÜR İNCELEMESİ

Öz

Yükleme/boşaltma ve depolama gibi bir limanın geleneksel rolleri, şiddetli rekabet ortamında artık yeterli olmamaktadır. Müşteri gereksinimleri sürekli değişirken, bir limanın varlık sebebinin yeniden değerlendirmesi ve hayati bir endüstriyel merkez haline gelmesi için katma değerli lojistik hizmetler sunacak şekilde yeniden konumlandırılması gerekmektedir. Örneğin, tedarik zincirinde hizmet sağlayan aktörler olan limanlar, liman sahası veya yakın çevresinde sağlanan katma değerli lojistik hizmetler ile hizmet verilen kargo türlerini genişletebilir ve gelirlerini artırabilir. Liman müşterileri, özellikle de yük sahipleri, bir limandan ek katma değerli lojistik hizmetler almaktan ve belirli tedarik zinciri faaliyetlerini ortadan kaldırarak maliyet avantajı elde etmekten yararlanabilirler. Bu tür olumlu katkılar, hem müşteriler hem de limanlar için rekabet avantajı elde etmenin anahtarıdır. Limanın rekabetçiliğini artırmaya odaklanan önemli sayıda araştırma olmasına karşın, liman merkezli bir lojistik bakış açısına uyum sağlamak için sağladığı katma değerli hizmetleri ele alan az sayıda araştırma bulumaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu araştırma, bir limanın liman merkezli lojistik yaklaşımını benimseyip benimsemediğini ortaya çıkaran katma değerli lojistik hizmetleri oluşturmaya odaklanmaktadır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için sistematik bir literatür taraması yapılmış ve literatür taramasının ilk bulguları, ulaşılan makalelerin yayınlandığı dergiler, ilk yazarların kurumlarının ülkeleri ve yazarların bulguları hakkında bazı istatistikler sunmaktadır. Ayrıca araştırma sonuçları, katma değerli lojistik hizmetler içerisinde en yaygın olarak hafif imalat ve montaj, paketleme ile bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin yer aldığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• liman merkezli lojistik
• liman lojistik hizmetleri
• rekabet avantajı
• katma değerli lojistik hizmetler
• kaynak temelli yaklaşım

VALUE-ADDED SERVICES FROM A PORT CENTRIC LOGISTICS PERSPECTIVE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Öz

The traditional roles of a port such as cargo (un)loading, and storage, are not sufficient in the severe competitive environment anymore. As customer requirements are constantly changing, the raison d'être of a port needs to be re-evaluated and a port should be re-positioned as offering value-added logistics services to become a vital industrial hub. For instance, ports, service-providing actors in the supply chain, can expand the cargo types served and increase their revenues through value-added logistics services offered by port, or within its close vicinity. Ports’ customers, particularly shippers, can benefit from obtaining additional value-added logistics services from a port and achieving cost advantage by eliminating certain supply chain activities. Such positive contributions are key to achieving a competitive advantage for both customers and ports. Although there are a considerable number of research that concentrate on improving port competitiveness, few numbers of research address the value-added services provided by ports for increasing their competitiveness or harmonization to a port-centric logistics viewpoint. For this reason, this research concentrates on establishing a value-added logistics services bundle that discloses whether a port embraces an approach for port-centric logistics. In order to reach that aim, we conduct a systematic literature review, which initially provides some statistics about the journals in which the accessed articles are published, the nations of the first authors' institutions, and the findings of the books, discussion papers, and reports reached. Additionally, the results of the research show that light manufacturing and assembly, packaging and information and communication technologies are the most common value-added logistics services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• port-centric logistics
• port logistics services
• competitive advantage
• value-added logistics services
• Resource-Based View

Kaynakça

1. Acciaro, M. & McKinnon, A. (2013). Efficient hinterland transport infrastructure and services for large container ports, International Transport Forum Discussion Paper, No. 2013-19, Organisation for Economic Co-operation, and Development (OECD), International Transport Forum, Paris
2. Akbari, N., Irawan, C. A., Jones, D. F., & Menachof, D. (2017). ‘‘A multi-criteria port suitability assessment for developments in the offshore wind industry’’. Renewable Energy, 102, 118-133.
3. Akhavan, M. (2017). ‘‘Evolution of hub port-cities into global logistics centres: lessons from the two cases of Dubai and Singapore’’. International Journal of Transport Economics, 44(1), 25-47.
4. Armstrong, C. E., & Shimizu, K. (2007). ‘‘A review of approaches to empirical research on the resource-based view of the firm’’. Journal of management, 33(6), 959-986.
5. Bao, X., & Xing, X. (2019). ‘‘Evaluation of Green Logistics System of Solid Waste at Ports Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process’’. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal (EEMJ), 18(11) 2491-2499.
6. Barney, J. (1991). “Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage”. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120.
7. Barney, J. B. (1986). ‘‘Organizational culture: can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage?’’. Academy of management review, 11(3), 656-665.
8. Barney,J. B. 2001. ‘‘Is the resource-based ‘view’a useful perspective for strategic management research? Yes’’. Academy of Management Review, 26:41-56.

9. Barney, J., Wright, M., & Ketchen Jr, D. J. (2001). ‘‘The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after 1991’’. Journal of management, 27(6), 625-641.
10. Beresford, A. K. C., Gardner, B. M., Pettit, S. J., Naniopoulos, A., & Wooldridge, C. F. (2004). ‘‘The UNCTAD and WORKPORT models of port development: evolution or revolution?’’. Maritime Policy & Management, 31(2), 93-107.
11. Bichou, K., & Gray, R. (2004). ‘‘A logistics and supply chain management approach to port performance measurement’’. Maritime Policy & Management, 31(1), 47-67.
12. Bogner, W. C. and Thomas, H. (1994), “Core competence and competitive advantage: A model and illustrative evidence from the pharmaceutical industry”, In G. Hamel and Heene (Eds.), Competence-based competition (pp. 111-147). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
13. Bouchery, Y., Woxenius, J., & Fransoo, J. C. (2020). ‘‘Identifying the market areas of port-centric logistics and hinterland intermodal transportation’’. European Journal of Operational Research, 285(2), 599-611.
14. Cao, J. (2019). ‘‘Research on Profit Model of Port Logistics Park Based on Price Game Model and Countermeasures’’. Journal of Coastal Research, 94(SI), 505-509.
15. Chen, L., & Notteboom, T. (2012). ‘‘Determinants for assigning value-added logistics services to logistics centers within a supply chain configuration’’. Journal of International Logistics and Trade, 10(1), 3-41.
16. Cousins, P., Lamming, R., Lawson, B., Squire, B., (2008). Strategic Supply Management : principles, theories and practice. London: FT/Prentice-Hall.
17. De Martino, M., Carbone, V., & Morvillo, A. (2015). ‘‘Value creation in the port: opening the boundaries to the market’’. Maritime Policy & Management, 42(7), 682-698.
18. Demirbas, D., Flint, H., & Bennett, D. (2014). ‘‘Supply chain interfaces between a port utilizing organisation and port operator’’. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. 19(1), 79-97.
19. Dias, J.Q., Calado, J.M.F., and Mendonça, M.C. (2010) ‘‘The role of European “ro-ro” port terminals in the automotive supply chain management’’. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(1), 116–124.
20. Dierickx, I. and Cool, K. (1989). ‘‘Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage”. Management Science, 35(12), 1504-1511.
21. Dou, Z., & Li, H. (2015). ‘‘Optimization of the border port logistics and the key-factors recognition based-on hla/sysml’’. Journal of Coastal Research, (73 (10073)), 104-107.
22. Eliza, G., Nikos, A., George, V., Georgia, A., & Maria, M. (2013). ‘‘ICT for cooperative supply chain visibility within a port centric intermodal setting: The case of the Thessaloniki port-rail-dryport integration’’. International Journal of Advanced Logistics, 2(1), 38-47.
23. El Shafeey, T., & Trott, P. (2014). ‘‘Resource-based competition: three schools of thought and thirteen criticisms’’. European Business Review, 26(2), 122-148.
24. Feng, H., Ye, C., & Gao, R. (2020). ‘‘AHP-Based Evaluation of Port Logistics Transportation Efficiency’’. Journal of Coastal Research, 106(SI), 477-480.
25. Filina-Dawidowicz, L., & Wiktorowska-Jasik, A. (2021). ‘‘Contemporary problems and challenges of sustainable distribution of perishable cargoes: Case study of Polish cold port stores’’. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(3), 4434-4450.
26. Geerlings, H., Kuipers, B., & Zuidwijk, R. (2017). Ports and networks. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge.
27. Ghasemi, A., Miandoabchi, E., & Soroushnia, S. (2021). ‘‘The attractiveness of seaport-based transport corridors: an integrated approach based on scenario planning and gravity models’’. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 23, 522-547.
28. Grewal,R., & Slotegraaf, R.J. (2007). ‘‘Embeddedness of organizational capabilities’’. Decision Sciences, 38(3), 451–488.
29. Grönroos, C. (1984). ‘‘A service quality model and its marketing implications’’. European Journal of marketing, 18(4), 36-44.
30. Grönroos, C., (1988). ‘‘Service quality: the six criteria of good perceived service quality’’. Review of Business, 9(3), 10-13.
31. Gunasekaran, A., Papadopoulos, T., Dubey, R., Wamba, S. F., Childe, S. J., Hazen, B., & Akter, S. (2017). ‘‘Big data and predictive analytics for supply chain and organizational performance’’. Journal of Business Research, 70, 308-317.
32. Gülcan, T. A., Esmer, K., Zorba, Y., & Şengönül, G. (2014). Determinants of Operational Efficiency at Chemical Cargo Terminals. TransNav: International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 8(2), 289-293.
33. Güneş, H., & Esmer, S. (2016). ‘‘Liman merkezli lojistik: Ege Bölgesi için bir değerlendirme’’. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 4(4), 303-316.
34. Halawi, L. A., Aronson, J.E., and McCarthy, R. V. (2005). “Resource-based View of Knowledge Management for Competitive Advantage”. The Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 3(2), 75-86.
35. Han, C. H. (2018). ‘‘Assessing the impacts of port supply chain integration on port performance’’. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 34(2), 129-135.
36. Haralambides, H., Veldman, S., Van Drunen, E., & Liu, M. (2011). ‘‘Determinants of a regional port-centric logistics hub: The case of East Africa’’. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 13(1), 78-97.
37. Heilig, L., & Voß, S. (2017). ‘‘Inter-terminal transportation: an annotated bibliography and research agenda’’. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 29(1), 35-63.
38. Heitz, A., Dablanc, L., Olsson, J., Sanchez-Diaz, I., & Woxenius, J. (2020). ‘‘Spatial patterns of logistics facilities in Gothenburg, Sweden’’. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102191.
39. Helfat, C. E., S. Finkelstein, W. Mitchell, M. Peteraf, H. Singh, D. Teece and S. Winter (2007). Dynamic Capabilities: Understanding Strategic Change in Organizations. Oxford: Blackwell.
40. Hu,B. (2018). ‘‘Application of Evaluation Algorithm for Port Logistics Park Based on Pca-Svm Model’’. Polish Maritime Research, 25(s3) 29-35.
41. Iannone, F. (2012a). ‘‘A model optimizing the port-hinterland logistics of containers: The case of the Campania region in Southern Italy’’. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 14(1), 33-72.
42. Iannone, F. (2012b). ‘‘The private and social cost efficiency of port hinterland container distribution through a regional logistics system’’. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 46(9), 1424-1448.
43. Iannone, F., & Thore, S. (2010). ‘‘An economic logistics model for the multimodal inland distribution of maritime containers’’. International Journal of Transport Economics, 37(3), 281
44. Jeevan, J., Chen, S. L., & Cahoon, S. (2019). ‘‘The impact of dry port operations on container seaports competitiveness’’. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(1), 4-23.
45. Kim, S. H., Lee, K. H., & Kang, D. W. (2020). ‘‘Analytic Hierarchy Process Modelling of Location Competitiveness for a Regional Logistics Distribution Center Serving Northeast Asia’’. Journal of Korea Trade, 24(3), 20-36.
46. Kiron, D. (2013). Organizational alignment is key to big data success. MIT Sloan Management Review, 54(3), 1.
47. Kolář, J., Stopka, O., & Krile, S. (2019). ‘‘Specification of a location for opted port logistics center in a given area using the method of operational research’’. Transport Problems, 13(4), 55-63.
48. Kraaijenbrink, J., Spender, J. C., & Groen, A. J. (2010). The resource-based view: A review and assessment of its critiques. Journal of management, 36(1), 349-372.
49. Lagoudis, I. N., Theotokas, I., & Broumas, D. (2017). ‘‘A literature review of port competition research’’. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 9(6), 724-762.
50. Lambert, D., Stock, J. R., & Ellram, L. M. (1998). Fundamentals of logistics management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
51. Lessard, D., Teece, D. J., & Leih, S. (2016). “The dynamic capabilities of Meta‐multinationals”. Global Strategy Journal, 6(3), 211-224.
52. Liang, G. S., Ding, J. F., & Pan, C. L. (2012). ‘‘Applying fuzzy quality function deployment to evaluate solutions of the service quality for international port logistics centres in Taiwan’’. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 226(4), 387-396.
53. Liu, J. J., Wang, Z., Yao, D. Q., & Yue, X. (2016). ‘‘Transaction cost analysis of supply chain logistics services: firm-based versus port-focal’’. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 67(2), 176-186.
54. Loh, H. S., & Thai, V. V. (2014). ‘‘Managing port-related supply chain disruptions: A conceptual paper’’. The Asian journal of shipping and logistics, 30(1), 97-116.
55. Madhani, P. M. (2010). ‘‘Resource based view (RBV) of competitive advantage: an overview’’. Resource based view: concepts and practices, Pankaj Madhani, ed, 3-22.
56. Makadok, R. (1999). ‘‘Inter firm differences in scale economies and the evolution of market shares’’. Strategic Management Journal, 20,935–952.
57. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C. and Fynes, B. (2008), ‘‘Port‐centric logistics’’. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 19(1), 29-41.
58. Mason, R., Pettit, S. J., & Beresford, A. (2015). A case study approach to port centric logistics: the sea port versus inland location dilemma, 20th Annual Logistics Research Network (LRN), Derby, UK, 9-11 September.
59. Mattfeld, D. C. (2006). The management of transshipment terminals: decision support for terminal operations in finished vehicle supply chains (Vol. 34). Springer Science & Business Media.
60. Mendonça, M. C., & Dias, J. Q. (2007). ‘‘‘Postponement’ in the Logistical Systems of New Automobiles Marketed in Portugal: The Brands and Quality’’. Total Quality Management, 18(6), 681-696.
61. Mondragon, A. E. C., Lalwani, C. S., Mondragon, E. S. C., Mondragon, C. E. C., & Pawar, K. S. (2012). ‘‘Intelligent transport systems in multimodal logistics: A case of role and contribution through wireless vehicular networks in a sea port location’’. International Journal of Production Economics, 137(1), 165-175.
62. Monios, J., & Wilmsmeier, G. (2012). ‘‘Port-centric logistics, dry ports and offshore logistics hubs: strategies to overcome double peripherality?’’ Maritime Policy & Management, 39(2), 207-226.
63. Monios, J., Bergqvist, R., & Woxenius, J. (2018). ‘‘Port-centric cities: The role of freight distribution in defining the port-city relationship’’. Journal of Transport Geography, 66, 53-64.
64. Muñuzuri, J., Onieva, L., Escudero Santana, A., & Cortés, P. (2016). ‘‘Impacts of a tracking and tracing system for containers in a port-based supply chain’’. Brazilian Journal of Operations and Production Management, 13 (3), 352-359.
65. Nam, K. C., Kim, H. W., Lee, M. S., & Lim, D. S. (2010). A Study on the Operation of Busan New Port Distripark. In International Forum on Shipping, Ports and Airports (IFSPA) 2010 (p. 62).
66. Notteboom, T. (2016). ‘‘The adaptive capacity of container ports in an era of mega vessels: The case of upstream seaports Antwerp and Hamburg’’. Journal of Transport Geography, 54, 295-309.
67. Notteboom, T. E., and H. E. Haralambides. (2020). ‘‘Port management and governance in a post—COVID-19 era: Quo vadis?’’ Maritime Economics and Logistics, 22(3): 329–352.
68. Ouyang, F. (2019). ‘‘Construction of integrated management model of port logistics supply chain based on big data’’. Journal of Coastal Research, 93(SI), 1053-1058.
69. Paixao, A. C., & Marlow, P. B. (2003). ‘‘Fourth generation ports–a question of agility?’’. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 33(4), 355-376.
70. Palacio, A., Adenso-Díaz, B., Lozano, S., & Furió, S. (2016). ‘‘Bicriteria optimization model for locating maritime container depots: application to the Port of Valencia’’. Networks and Spatial Economics, 16(1), 331-348.
71. Panayides, P.M. and Song, D. (2008), "Evaluating the integration of seaport container terminals in supply chains", International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38(7), 562-584.
72. Park, S., Yun, S., & Kim, S. (2023). Autonomous Vehicle-Loading System Simulation and Cost Model Analysis of Roll-On, Roll-Off Port Operations. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(8), 1507.
73. Peteraf, M.A. (1993). “The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based View”. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 179-191.
74. Pettit, S. J., & Beresford, A. K. C. (2009). ‘‘Port development: from gateways to logistics hubs’’. Maritime Policy & Management, 36(3), 253-267.
75. Raddats, C., & Easingwood, C. (2010). ‘‘Services growth options for B2B product-centric businesses’’. Industrial marketing management, 39(8), 1334-1345.
76. Rodrigue, J. P. (2017). ‘‘The governance of intermediacy: The insertion of Panama in the global liner shipping network’’. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 21-26.
77. Roso, V., Woxenius, J., & Lumsden, K. (2009). ‘‘The dry port concept: connecting container seaports with the hinterland’’. Journal of Transport Geography, 17(5), 338-345.
78. Sanchez, R. (2008). A scientific critique of the resource-base view (RBV) in strategy theory, with competence-based remedies for the RBV's conceptual deficiencies and logic problems. In A focused issue on fundamental issues in competence theory development (Vol. 4, pp. 3-78). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
79. Santos, T. A., & Soares, C. G. (2017). ‘‘Development dynamics of the Portuguese range as a multi-port gateway system’’. Journal of Transport Geography, 60, 178-188.
80. Sarkar, B. D., Shankar, R., & Kar, A. K. (2021). ‘‘A scenario-based interval-input output model to analyze the risk of COVID-19 pandemic in port logistics’’. Journal of Modelling in Management Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. URL: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JM2-12-2020-0312/full/pdf.
81. Schøyen, H., Bjorbæk, C. T., Steger-Jensen, K., Bouhmala, N., Burki, U., Jensen, T. E., & Berg, Ø. (2018). ‘‘Measuring the contribution of logistics service delivery performance outcomes and deep-sea container liner connectivity on port efficiency’’. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 28, 66-76.
82. Shi, X., Tao, D., & Voß, S. (2011). ‘‘RFID technology and its application to port-based container logistics’’. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 21(4), 332-347.
83. Sirmon, D.G., Hitt, M.A., &Ireland, D. (2007). Managing firm resources in dynamic environments to create value: Looking inside the black box. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 273–292.
84. Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. and Schuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 509–533.
85. Teece, D. and Pisano, G. (1994). The dynamic capabilities of firms: an introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3, 537–556.
86. Teece, D. J. (2020). Hand in glove: Open innovation and the dynamic capabilities framework. Strategic Management Review, 1(2), 233-253.
87. Tsai, J. Y., Ding, J. F., Liang, G. S., & Ye, K. D. (2018). ‘‘Use of a hybrid MCDM method to evaluate key solutions influencing service quality at a port logistics center in Taiwan’’. Brodogradnja: Teorija i praksa brodogradnje i pomorske tehnike, 69(1), 89-105.
88. Turbaningsih, O. (2022). The study of project cargo logistics operation: a general overview. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 7(1), 24.
89. United Nations (2002). Commercial Development of Regional Ports as Logistics Centres. New York: United Nations Publications.
90. Venkatesh, V. G., Zhang, A., Deakins, E., Mani, V., & Shi, Y. (2020). ‘‘Supply chain integration barriers to port-centric logistics—An emerging economy perspective’’. Transportation Journal, 59(3), 215-253.
91. Verhoeven, P. (2010). “A Review of Port Authority Functions: Towards A Renaissance?” Maritime Policy & Management, 37(3): 247–270.
92. Verschuur, J., Koks, E. E., & Hall, J. W. (2020). ‘‘Port disruptions due to natural disasters: Insights into port and logistics resilience’’. Transportation research part D: transport and environment, 85, 102393.
93. Wamba, S. F., Gunasekaran, A., Akter, S., Ren, S. J. F., Dubey, R., & Childe, S. J. (2017). ‘‘Big data analytics and firm performance: Effects of dynamic capabilities’’. Journal of Business Research, 70, 356-365.
94. Wang, C., Chen, Q., & Huang, R. (2018). ‘‘Locating dry ports on a network: a case study on Tianjin Port’’. Maritime Policy & Management, 45(1), 71-88.
95. Wang, C. L., & Ahmed, P. K. (2007). ‘‘Dynamic capabilities: A review and research agenda’’. International journal of management reviews, 9(1), 31-51.
96. Wang, Z., & Kim, H. G. (2017). ‘‘Can social media marketing improve customer relationship capabilities and firm performance? Dynamic capability perspective’’. Journal of Interactive marketing, 39(1), 15-26.
97. Wei, H., & Dong, M. (2019). ‘‘Import-export freight organization and optimization in the dry-port-based cross-border logistics network under the Belt and Road Initiative’’. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 130, 472-484.
98. Wernerfelt, B. (1984). ‘‘A resource‐based view of the firm’’. Strategic management journal, 5(2), 171-180.
99. World Bank (2007) Module 3: Alternative Port Management Structures and Ownership Models. World Bank Port Reform Toolkit 2nd edn. Washington DC: World Bank.
100. Yang, J. (2019). ‘‘Construction and optimization of port logistics service supply chain based on cloud computing’’. Journal of Coastal Research, 98(SI), 80-83.
101. Yang, W. S., Liang, G. S., & Ding, J. F. (2013). ‘‘Identifying solutions for adding service value to international port logistics centers in Taiwan’’. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 15(4), 395-415.
102. Yiu, C. (2012). The big data opportunity: making government faster, smarter and more personal. Policy exchange (London).
103. Zhang, C., & Shao, X. (2020). ‘‘Research on intelligent analysis of port logistics information based on dynamic data mining’’. Journal of Coastal Research, 115(SI), 93-95.
104. Zhao, L. (2020). ‘‘Strategic planning of coastal port logistics development based on supply chain’’. Journal of Coastal Research, 103(SI), 596-600.
105. Zhou, L. (2020). ‘‘Research on Coordinated Development of Nanjing Port Logistics and Hinterland Economy Based on Gray Correlation Analysis’’. Journal of Coastal Research, 105(SI), 215-218.