Nysa Antik Kenti Cam Örneklerinde Arkeometrik İncelemeler

Yıl 2024, , 243 - 269, 30.09.2024

Emine Torgan Güzel , Ali Akın Akyol , Rahşan Polat

https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1521384

Öz

Batı Anadolu’da bulunan ve Aydın ilinin Sultanhisar ilçesi yakınında yer alan Nysa antik kenti kazı çalışmalarında ele geçen cam buluntuların kimyasal içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla arkeometrik incelemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anadolu’da cam üretimi ve teknolojisi ile ilgili çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Anadolu coğrafyasında bulunan cam örneklerin tarihçesi, durumu, üretim teknolojisi ve kimyasal kompozisyonunun belirlenebilmesi için örneklerin çeşitli analitik yöntem ve teknikler kullanılarak bilimsel olarak incelenmesi gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, cam buluntuların öncelikle fiziksel durumları incelenmiş, kalınlıkları belirlenmiş, renkleri kromametrik olarak tanımlanmış ve fotoğraflanarak belgelenmiştir. Örnekler, polarize edilmiş enerji dağılımlı X-ışını spektrometresi (PED-XRF) ve enerji dağılımlı X- ışını taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM-EDX) kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Böylece örneklerin yapı ve kimyasal kompozisyonları tanımlanmıştır. Cam örneklerin üretim teknolojileri hakkında bilgiler için SEM ile dokuz ayrı cam örnek yüzeyinden farklı büyüklüklerde görüntüler elde edilmiştir. Bu görüntülerden cam örneklerin serbest üfleme, silindir üfleme ya da döküm teknikleri ile üretildiği belirlenmiştir. Kimyasal içerikleri olarak her iki analizde de düşük oranda SiO2 belirlenmesine rağmen camların tipik bir silis-soda-kireç camı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda ergitici madde olarak sodaca zengin minerallerin (natron, sodyum karbonat, vb.) kullanıldığı saptanmış ve camların üretiminde aynı hammaddenin kullanılmış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, analiz edilen cam örneklerine renk veren maddenin Fe2+ ve Cu2+ iyonları olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nysa antik camları, Arkeometri, Karakterizasyon, PED-XRF, SEM-EDX.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı’na, Aydın Müze Müdürlüğü’ne ve Nysa kazı başkanı Prof. Dr. Serdar Hakan Öztaner’e teşekkürü bir borç bilirler. Aynı zamanda, SEM-EDX analizlerinin gerçekleştirildiği Turkish Cultural Foundation (TCF)-DATU Laboratuvarı’na alt yapı desteği için teşekkür ederler.

Archaeometric Examinations of Glass Samples from Nysa Ancient City

Öz

Archaeometric examinations were carried out to determine the chemical contents of the glass finds recovered during the excavations of the ancient city of Nysa, located near the Sultanhisar district of Aydın province in Western Anatolia.
In this study, the physical conditions of the glass samples were first examined, their thicknesses were determined, and their colors were defined chromametrically and documented by photography. The samples were examined using polarized energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (PED-XRF) and energy-dispersive X-ray scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), thus identifying the structure and chemical composition of the samples. To obtain information about the production technologies of glass samples, images of different sizes were obtained from nine glass sample surfaces with SEM. From these images, it was determined that the glass samples were produced by free-blowing, cylinder-blowing or mold-blowing techniques. Although low amounts of SiO2 were determined in both analysis methods, the glasses were determined to be a typical silica-soda-lime glass. At the same time, it was determined that soda-rich minerals (natron, sodium carbonate, etc.) were used as fluxes and the same raw material was used in the production of glasses. In addition, it was determined that the substance that gave color to the analyzed glass samples was Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nysa ancient glasses, Archaeometry, Characterization, PED-XRF, SEM-EDX.

Kaynakça

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