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Yunanistan Attika Bölgesi Yangınının Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 201 - 215, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.599810

Öz

Afetler, her yıl çok sayıda insanın yaralanmasına,
sakat kalmasına, ölmesine, ciddi mali kayıplara ve ekolojik dengenin
bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. 1990’ların sonlarına doğru artmaya başlayan ve
günümüzde de artmaya devam eden büyük oranda insan faaliyetleri sonucu oluşan
küresel iklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak afetlerin sayısı ve şiddeti gittikçe
artmaktadır. Afetler doğada oldukça büyük zararlar meydana getirmektedir.
Özellikle orman yangınları, KBRN gibi olaylar doğada ciddi kirlenmelere ve
ormanlık alanların yok olmasına bunula birlikte flora ve faunanın yok olmasına
neden olmaktadır. Orman yangınları 1998-2017 yılları arasında meydana gelen tüm
afetlerin %3,5’unu oluşturmaktadır. Bu yıllar arasında 254 orman yangını rapor
edilmiş ve bu orman yangınlarının neden olduğu ekonomik kayıp 38 milyar ABD
Doları’dır. Bu çalışmada 23-25 Temmuz 2018 tarihleri arasında Yunanistan Attika
bölgesinde meydana gelen ve ülkenin en ölümcül orman yangını olarak tarihe
geçen yangında idarenin, halkın, medyanın ve diğer aktörlerin bütünleşik afet
yönetiminin aşamaları olan risk ve kriz yönetimindeki davranışlarını
değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada afet yönetiminde önemli aktörler arasında olan
medyanın afet meydana geldikten sonra ulusal ve uluslararası olarak afetin
üzerinden geçen zamanla paralel olarak değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Afetten
etkilenen halk ile yerel ve merkezi idarenin afete karşı yanıtı medya, gazete
haberleri ve yapılan basın açıklamaları incelenerek değerlendirmeler
yapılmıştır. Bu açılardan çalışmanın afet yönetimi literatürüne katkı
sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 5902 Sayılı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığının Teşkilat ve Görevleri Hakkında Kanun.
  • Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD). (2014). AFAD Açıklamalı Afet Terimleri Sözlüğü. Ankara.
  • BBC News. (2018a). Greece Country Profile. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17372520, (Erişim Tarihi: 20.01.2019).
  • BBC. (2018b). Greek wildfires: Drivers 'sent into path of blaze by police'. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45030082, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2019).
  • BBC. (2018c). Türkiye, Yunanistan'da yangınlar neden çıktı? https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-44952721, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2019).
  • BBC News. (2018d). Greece to demolish 'illegal buildings' after wildfire. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45102095?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cxng76w24ekt/greece-wildfires&link_location=live-reporting-story, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2019).
  • CBS News. (2018). Death toll rises to 91 in deadly Greece wildfire. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/death-toll-rises-deadly-greece-wildfires-today-2018-07-29/, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2019).
  • CIA (Central Intelligence Agency). (2019). The World Factbook, Europe: Greece. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2019).
  • Dimitrakopoulos, A., Gogi, C., Stamatelos, G. and Mitsopoulos I. (2011). Statistical Analysis of the Fire Environment of Large Forest Fires (>1000 ha) in Greece. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (2), 327-332.
  • EM-DAT / CRED (The International Disaster Database Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). General Classication. https://www.emdat.be/classification, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.1.2018)
  • EM-DAT. (2019). Disater List – Climatological Wildfire. https://www.emdat.be/emdat_db/(Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2019).
  • European Union Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC). (2018a). DG ECHO Daily Map, Greece Forest Fires Situation 24/07/2018. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ECDM_20180724_Greece_Forest-Fires.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018).
  • European Union Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC). (2018b). DG ECHO Daily Map, Greece Forest Fires Situation 26/07/2018. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ECDM_20180726_Greece_Forest-Fires.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018).
  • Hellas Journal. (2019). Εντυπωσιάζουν τα στοιχεία του υπουργείου Τουρισμού: Τα έσοδα ξεπερνούν τα 21 δισ. Ευρώ. https://hellasjournal.com/2019/01/entyposiazoyn-ta-stoicheia-toy-ypoyrgeioy-toyrismoy-ta-esoda-xepernoyn-ta-21-dis-eyro/, (Erişim Tarihi: 30.01.2019)
  • IDNDR (International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction). (1990). International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction Mission. https://www.preventionweb.net/organizations/2672, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.12.2018).
  • İstanbul Valiliği, İSMEP (İstanbul Sismik Riskin Azaltılması ve Acil Durum Hazırlık Projesi). (2014). Acil Durum Hazırlık Kapasitesinin Artırılması. İstanbul: Beyaz Gemi.Karaman, Z.T. (2017). Afet Yönetimine Giriş ve Türkiye’de Örgütlenme. Zerrin Toprak Karaman ve Asuman Altay (Ed.), Bütünleşik Afet Yönetimi (s. 1-38). İzmir: Birleşik.
  • MyNet Haber. (2018). Yunanistan’dan Şok Görüntüler. https://www.mynet.com/yunanistan-dan-sok-goruntuler-110104288946#8770475, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.12.2018).OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2018). Greece Country Profile Data. https://data.oecd.org/greece.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2019).
  • Stratfor Worldview. (2017). Greece Country Profile. Erişim 21.01.2019 https://worldview.stratfor.com/region/europe/greece, (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2018).
  • Tedim, F., Xanthopoulos, G. and Leone, V. (2015). Forest Fires in Europe: Facts and Challenges. John F. Shroder ve Douglas Paton (Ed.), Wildfire Hazards, Risks, and Disasters (s.77-99). Elsevier. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410434-1.00005-1
  • The Guardian. (2018a). Greece wildfires: authorities blamed for high death toll. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/26/greece-wildfires-authorities-blamed-for-high-death-toll, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2019).
  • The Guardian. (2018b). Greece wildfires death toll hits 80 as rescue efforts intensify. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/25/greece-wildfires-death-toll-rises-rescue-efforts-intensify, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2019).
  • The Guardian. (2018c). Greek minister resigns in wake of wildfires that killed 88 people. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/03/greek-minister-resigns-in-wake-of-wildfires-that-killed-88-people, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2019).
  • The Telegraph. (2018). Greece wildfires: Is it safe to travel to Greece? https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/greece/articles/forest-fires-is-it-safe-can-i-cancel-my-holiday/, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2019).
  • Time. (2011). Top 10 Devastating Wildfires. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2076476_2076484_2076504,00.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018)
  • Tunç, A. ve Pak, E.B. (2017). Yunanistan’ın Devlet ve Kamu Yönetimi Yapısı. (2017). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22 (4), 1189-1201.
  • UNDHA (United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs). (1992). Internationally Agreed Glossary of Basic Terms Related to Disaster Management. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/004DFD3E15B69A67C1256C4C006225C2-dha-glossary-1992.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2018).
  • UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2019) Human Development Reports Country Profile – Greece. http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/GRC, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2019).
  • UNISDR (The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction) and CRED (The Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). (2018). Economic Loses, Poverty & Disasters 1998-2017.
  • UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction). (2005). Hyogo Framework Report 2005-2015. Cenevre. http://www.unisdr.org/2005/wcdr/intergover/official-doc/L-docs/Hyogo-framework-for-action-english.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.11.2018).
  • UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction). (2015). Sendai Framework 2015-2030. http://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/sendai-framework, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.11.2018).
  • UNISDR and CRED. (2019). 2018: Extreme Weather Events Affected 60 Million People. https://www.unisdr.org/archive/63267, (Erişim Tarihi: 18.01.2019).
  • WHO (World Health Organization) and EHA (The European Hematology Association). (2002). Disasters and Emergencies. Addis Ababa, EHA.Wikipedia. (2019). Greece. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2019).
  • Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World. (1994). Guidelines for Natural Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction. Yokohama, Japonya. http://www.ifrc.org/Docs/idrl/I248EN.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2018).

Evaluation of the Attica Region Fire at Greece

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 201 - 215, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.599810

Öz

Disasters, cause many people to become injured, disabled
and die, serious financial losses and deterioration of ecological balance every
year. The number and severity of disasters are increasing as a result of the
global climate change resulting from a large number of human activities that
have started to increase in the late 1990s and continue to increase today. Disasters
cause major damages in nature. Especially forest fires and CBRN events cause
serious pollution in the nature and destruction of forest areas at the same
time flora and fauna. Forest fires constitute 3.5% of all disasters that
occurred between 1998 and 2017.
254 forest fires were
reported between these years and the economic loss caused by these forest fires
was US $ 38 billion. In this study evaluates the behavior of administration,
public, media and other actors in risk and crisis management, which are the stages
of integrated disaster management in fires, which took place in the Attica
region of Greece between 23-25 July 2018 as the most deadly forest fire. In the
study, the media, which is one of the important actors in disaster management,
has been evaluated in parallel with the time passed over the disaster both
nationally and internationally after the disaster occurred.The public and the
government's response to the disaster was evaluated by investigate the media,
newspaper news and press releases. In this respect, it is thought that the
study will contribute to the disaster management literature.

Kaynakça

  • 5902 Sayılı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığının Teşkilat ve Görevleri Hakkında Kanun.
  • Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD). (2014). AFAD Açıklamalı Afet Terimleri Sözlüğü. Ankara.
  • BBC News. (2018a). Greece Country Profile. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17372520, (Erişim Tarihi: 20.01.2019).
  • BBC. (2018b). Greek wildfires: Drivers 'sent into path of blaze by police'. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45030082, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2019).
  • BBC. (2018c). Türkiye, Yunanistan'da yangınlar neden çıktı? https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-44952721, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2019).
  • BBC News. (2018d). Greece to demolish 'illegal buildings' after wildfire. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45102095?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cxng76w24ekt/greece-wildfires&link_location=live-reporting-story, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2019).
  • CBS News. (2018). Death toll rises to 91 in deadly Greece wildfire. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/death-toll-rises-deadly-greece-wildfires-today-2018-07-29/, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2019).
  • CIA (Central Intelligence Agency). (2019). The World Factbook, Europe: Greece. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2019).
  • Dimitrakopoulos, A., Gogi, C., Stamatelos, G. and Mitsopoulos I. (2011). Statistical Analysis of the Fire Environment of Large Forest Fires (>1000 ha) in Greece. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (2), 327-332.
  • EM-DAT / CRED (The International Disaster Database Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). General Classication. https://www.emdat.be/classification, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.1.2018)
  • EM-DAT. (2019). Disater List – Climatological Wildfire. https://www.emdat.be/emdat_db/(Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2019).
  • European Union Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC). (2018a). DG ECHO Daily Map, Greece Forest Fires Situation 24/07/2018. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ECDM_20180724_Greece_Forest-Fires.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018).
  • European Union Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC). (2018b). DG ECHO Daily Map, Greece Forest Fires Situation 26/07/2018. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ECDM_20180726_Greece_Forest-Fires.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018).
  • Hellas Journal. (2019). Εντυπωσιάζουν τα στοιχεία του υπουργείου Τουρισμού: Τα έσοδα ξεπερνούν τα 21 δισ. Ευρώ. https://hellasjournal.com/2019/01/entyposiazoyn-ta-stoicheia-toy-ypoyrgeioy-toyrismoy-ta-esoda-xepernoyn-ta-21-dis-eyro/, (Erişim Tarihi: 30.01.2019)
  • IDNDR (International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction). (1990). International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction Mission. https://www.preventionweb.net/organizations/2672, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.12.2018).
  • İstanbul Valiliği, İSMEP (İstanbul Sismik Riskin Azaltılması ve Acil Durum Hazırlık Projesi). (2014). Acil Durum Hazırlık Kapasitesinin Artırılması. İstanbul: Beyaz Gemi.Karaman, Z.T. (2017). Afet Yönetimine Giriş ve Türkiye’de Örgütlenme. Zerrin Toprak Karaman ve Asuman Altay (Ed.), Bütünleşik Afet Yönetimi (s. 1-38). İzmir: Birleşik.
  • MyNet Haber. (2018). Yunanistan’dan Şok Görüntüler. https://www.mynet.com/yunanistan-dan-sok-goruntuler-110104288946#8770475, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.12.2018).OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2018). Greece Country Profile Data. https://data.oecd.org/greece.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2019).
  • Stratfor Worldview. (2017). Greece Country Profile. Erişim 21.01.2019 https://worldview.stratfor.com/region/europe/greece, (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2018).
  • Tedim, F., Xanthopoulos, G. and Leone, V. (2015). Forest Fires in Europe: Facts and Challenges. John F. Shroder ve Douglas Paton (Ed.), Wildfire Hazards, Risks, and Disasters (s.77-99). Elsevier. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410434-1.00005-1
  • The Guardian. (2018a). Greece wildfires: authorities blamed for high death toll. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/26/greece-wildfires-authorities-blamed-for-high-death-toll, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2019).
  • The Guardian. (2018b). Greece wildfires death toll hits 80 as rescue efforts intensify. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/25/greece-wildfires-death-toll-rises-rescue-efforts-intensify, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2019).
  • The Guardian. (2018c). Greek minister resigns in wake of wildfires that killed 88 people. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/03/greek-minister-resigns-in-wake-of-wildfires-that-killed-88-people, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2019).
  • The Telegraph. (2018). Greece wildfires: Is it safe to travel to Greece? https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/greece/articles/forest-fires-is-it-safe-can-i-cancel-my-holiday/, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2019).
  • Time. (2011). Top 10 Devastating Wildfires. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2076476_2076484_2076504,00.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018)
  • Tunç, A. ve Pak, E.B. (2017). Yunanistan’ın Devlet ve Kamu Yönetimi Yapısı. (2017). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22 (4), 1189-1201.
  • UNDHA (United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs). (1992). Internationally Agreed Glossary of Basic Terms Related to Disaster Management. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/004DFD3E15B69A67C1256C4C006225C2-dha-glossary-1992.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2018).
  • UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2019) Human Development Reports Country Profile – Greece. http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/GRC, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2019).
  • UNISDR (The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction) and CRED (The Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). (2018). Economic Loses, Poverty & Disasters 1998-2017.
  • UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction). (2005). Hyogo Framework Report 2005-2015. Cenevre. http://www.unisdr.org/2005/wcdr/intergover/official-doc/L-docs/Hyogo-framework-for-action-english.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.11.2018).
  • UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction). (2015). Sendai Framework 2015-2030. http://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/sendai-framework, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.11.2018).
  • UNISDR and CRED. (2019). 2018: Extreme Weather Events Affected 60 Million People. https://www.unisdr.org/archive/63267, (Erişim Tarihi: 18.01.2019).
  • WHO (World Health Organization) and EHA (The European Hematology Association). (2002). Disasters and Emergencies. Addis Ababa, EHA.Wikipedia. (2019). Greece. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.01.2019).
  • Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World. (1994). Guidelines for Natural Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction. Yokohama, Japonya. http://www.ifrc.org/Docs/idrl/I248EN.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2018).
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sevda Demiröz Yıldırım 0000-0002-0279-4241

Gürkan Yılmaz 0000-0002-8113-8436

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 19 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Demiröz Yıldırım, S., & Yılmaz, G. (2019). Yunanistan Attika Bölgesi Yangınının Değerlendirilmesi. Resilience, 3(2), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.599810