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Evaluation of the urban ecosystem and local climate changes caused by urbanization in İzmir in terms of long-term UHI formation with the SSI method

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 11 - 58, 30.06.2023

Özşen Çorumluoğlu

https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.1172781

Öz

Even if urbanization offers various opportunities to people living in todays world. It also comes with some side effects such as worsening climate conditions by creating thermal pollution due to certain urban activities, sectoral urban designs and consequent patterns in cities. In local sense, the old climatic conditions beforete the change because of urbanization in rural areas can be called natural when they are compared with new conditions deteriorated by widespread urbanization. Thus, thermal pollution changes city’s local climate over time and negatively affects city’s resilience.

Here in this research, it is determined themperature related local climate variation caused by specific city activities in the city of Izmir by analysing time series thermal data distribution over the entire city over a certain period of time and for this analyse even a novel approach is introduced and suggested which is a Simulated Single Image (SSI) method based on Simulated Single Data (SSD) statistical analyze. The method uses not only trend or average values of time series data as being as usual but it uses both and also standart deviation of the data to support a single output from the time series data analyse. Thus, outputs were obtained as single images from the the LANDSAT time series data to represent where generally Urban Hot Spots (UHS) appear and Urban Heat Islands (UHI) develop in the city. Stereo representation of the study region is also used to visually examine the topographical effect on UHI distribution in the city.

Izmir which is the third mostly populated city of Turkey located on the Izmir Gulf of Egean Sea is chosen as study area and the study clearly demonstrated that industrial regions and roads with large surfaces, bare lands with sparse bushes, empty or sparse grassy urban lands and more significantly the urban land parts faced to certain directions are the main urban land cover and structure types contributing UHSs to appear and UHI developments in the city.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Land Surface Temperature UHI Time series Urbanization Climate Change LANDSAT

Kaynakça

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İzmir'de kentleşmenin neden olduğu kent ekosistemi ve yerel iklim değişikliklerinin uzun süreli KIA oluşumu açısından STG yöntemiyle değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 11 - 58, 30.06.2023

Özşen Çorumluoğlu

https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.1172781

Öz

Kentleşme, insanlara daha iyi ve daha konforlu bir yaşam sürmeleri için çeşitli fırsatlar sunarken, kötüleşen iklim koşulları gibi bazı yan etkileri de beraberinde getirir. Yerel anlamda, kentleşmenin dönüştürdüğü kırsal alanlardaki eski iklim koşulları, yaygın kentleşmenin bozduğu yeni iklim koşullarıyla karşılaştırıldığında doğal olarak adlandırılabilir. Kentleşmenin yan etkilerinden biri de belirli kentsel faaliyetler ile farklı kentsel bölge tasarımlarına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan özel arazi örtülerden kaynaklanan termal kirliliktir. Termal kirlilik zamanla şehrin doğal iklimini değiştirir ve şehrin konfor durumunu negatif olarak etkiler. Farklı zamanlarda elde edilmiş tüm bir şehri kapsayan termal veri dağılımlarının zaman serileri şeklindeki analizlerini içeren bazı çalışmalar olup bu alanda ciddi katkılar sağlamaktadırlar.
Bu çalışmada, zaman serilerine bağlı analizleri içeren çalışmalar için istatistiki bir yaklaşım olarak önerilen simile edilmiş tek veri seti (STV) metodundan üretilen simile edilmiş tek görüntü (STG) yöntemi önerilmekte ve tanıtılmaktadır. Bu nedenle STG yöntemi; şehirlerde beliren Kentsel Sıcak Noktaların (KSN) ve Kentsel Isı Adalarının (KIA) gelişimini ortaya çıkarmak için uzaktan algılama LANDSAT uydu görüntü bantlarına özellikle de termal bantlara uygulanmıştır. Şehirlerdeki KIA'larının dağılımı üzerindeki topografyanın etkisini ortaya koymak için de bölgenin stereo görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Bu analizler, zaman serisi verilerinin birbirini sürekli doğrulamış sonuçlarından istatistiki olarak simile edilmiş tek bir görüntü şeklindeki bir çıktısıdır.
Bu çalışma, kentlerde KSN'lerin ortaya çıkası ve KIA'ların gelişmesinde; endüstriyel bölgelerin, geniş alan kaplayan yolların, seyrek çalılıklı çıplak alanların, boş veya seyrek çimenlik dağılımlarının olduğu kent alanlarının ve özelliklede yüzeyi belli yönlere dönük olan olan alanların etkin kent örtüleri ve yapıları olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonuçlar zaman serisi görüntülerden üretilmiş STG görüntülerinde pek çok kez doğrulanmış olarak belirdiklerinden bu faktörlerin şehrin önceleri doğal olan iklim alanlarını yutarak bu alanlarda yerel iklim değişikliklerinin oluşmasında etkin olduklarını ifade etmektedir. Şehrin bu bölgeleri yerel otoriteler tarafından dikkate alınması ve iyileştirilerek eski doğal iklim ve çevre şartlarına döndürülmeleri gereken, fakat kronik termal iklim şartlarına maruz kalan en riskli bölgelerdir. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde ayrıca, şehrin bu bölgelerinde etkin olan faktörlerin etkisini azaltmaya yönelik doğa temelli bazı çözüm ve önerilere de yer verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arazi Yüzey Isısı Şehir Isı Adası Zaman Serisi Şehirleşme İklim Değişimi

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  • Weng, Q., Yang, S. (2004). Managing the adverse thermal effects of urban development in a densely populated Chinese city. Journal of Environmental Management, 70(2), 145–156.
  • Willett, K.M., Sherwood, S. (2012). Exceedance of heat index thresholds for 15 regions under a warming climate using the wet-bulb globe temperature. International Journal of Climatology, 32(2), 161–177.
  • Williams, V. J., Davis, C. (2007). A case study of urban heat islands in the Carolinas. Environmental Hazards, 7(4):353-359, DOI:10.1016/j.envhaz.2007.09.005.
  • Wulder, M. A., Thomas, Loveland, R. D., Roy, P., Crawford C. J., Masek, J. G., Woodcock, C. E., Allen, R. G., Martha C. Anderson, Alan S. Belward, Warren B. Cohen, John Dwyer, Angela Erb, Feng Gao, Patrick Griffiths, Dennis Helder, Txomin Hermosilla, James D. Hipple, Patrick Hostert, M. Joseph Hughes, Justin Huntington, David M. Johnson, Robert Kennedy, Ayse Kilic, Zhan Li, Leo Lymburner, Joel McCorkel, Nima Pahlevan, Theodore A. Scambos, Crystal Schaaf, John R. Schott, Yongwei Sheng, James Storey, Eric Vermote, James Vogelmann, Joanne C. White, Randolph H. Wynne, Zhu, Z. (2019). Current status of Landsat program, science, and applications. Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 225, Pages 127-147. ISSN 0034-4257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.02.015.
  • Xiao, Rong-bo, Ouyang, Zhi-yun, Zheng, H., Li, Wei-feng, Schienke, E. W, Wang, Xiao-ke (2007). Spatial pattern of impervious surfaces and their impacts on land surface temperature in Beijing, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages 250-256, ISSN 1001-0742, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60041-2.
  • Yan, H., Wang, X., Hao, P., & Dong, L. (2012). Study on the Microclimatic Characteristics and Human Comfort of Park Plant Communities in Summer. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 13(2011), 755 765.doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.069
  • Yucekaya, A. (2018). An Analysis For Industrial Development In Turkey. I: Distribution of The Largest Companies. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences. 3 (1), 83-105.
  • Young, N. E., Anderson, R. S., Chignell, S. M., Vorster, A. G., Lawrence, R., Evangelista, P. H. (2017). A survival guide to Landsat preprocessing. Ecology, 98 4: 920-932.
  • Zhang, Y. (2006). Land surface temperature retrieval from CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal infrared data and its applications in quantitative analysis of urban heat island effect. Journal of Remote Sensing, 10, 789–797.
  • Zhang, Y., Pena-Arancibia, J.L., McVicar, T.R., Chiew, F.H.S., Vaze, J., Liu, C., Lu, X., Zheng, H., Wang, Y., Liu, Y.Y., et al. (2016b). Multi-decadal trends in global terrestrial evapotranspiration and its components. Sci. Rep. 6, 19124.
  • Zhang, Z., He, G., Wang, M., Long, T., Wang, G., Zhang, X., & Jiao, W. (2016a). Towards an operational method for land surface temperature retrieval from Landsat 8 data. Remote Sensing Letters, 7(3), 279–288.
  • Zhang, Z., He, G., Wang, X. (2010). A practical DOS model-based atmospheric correction algorithm. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31:11, 2837-2852, DOI: 10.1080/01431160903124682
  • Zhao, H.M., Chen, X.L. (2005). Use of Normalized Difference Bareness Index in Quickly Mapping Bare Areas from TM/ETM+. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Seoul, Korea, 29–29 July 2005; Volume 3, pp. 1666–1668.
  • Zhao H., Tan J., Ren Z., Wang Z. (2020). Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Urban Surface Temperature and Its Relationship with Landscape Metrics and Vegetation Cover in Rapid Urbanization Region. Complexity, vol. 2020, Article ID 7892362, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7892362
  • Zhao, L., Oleson, K., Bou-Zeid, E., Krayenhoff, E. S., Bray, A., Zhu, Q., Zheng, Z., Chen, C., Oppenheimer, M. (2021). Global multi-model projections of local urban climates. Nat. Clim. Chang. 11, 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00958-8
  • Zhong, L., Gong, P., Biging, G.S. (2014). Efficient corn and soybean mapping with temporal extendibility: A multi-year experiment using Landsat imagery. Remote Sens. Environ. 140, 1–13.
  • Zhou, D., Xiao, J., Bonafoni, S., Berger, C., Deilami, K., Zhou, Y., Frolking, S., Yao, R., Qiao, Z., Sobrino, J.A. (2019). Satellite Remote Sensing of Surface Urban Heat Islands: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. Remote Sensing. 11(1):48. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010048
  • Zhou, J., Hu, D., Weng, Q. (2010). Analysis of surface radiation budget during the summer and winter in the metropolitan area of Beijing, China. J. Appl. Rem. Sens. 4(1) 04351. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3374329
  • Zhou, W., Qian, Y., Li, X., Li, W., & Han, L. (2014). Relationships between land cover and the surface urban heat island: Seasonal variability and effects of spatial and thematic resolution of land cover data on predicting land surface temperatures. Landscape Ecology, 29, 153–167.
  • Zoran, M. A., Zoran, L. F. V. (2005). Mapping of dispersion of urban air pollution using remote sensing and in-situ monitoring data. Proc. SPIE 5979, Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere X, 597914 (1 November 2005). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.627775
  • Zurina, M., Hukil, S. (2012). Appraising Good Governance in Malaysia Based on Sustainable Development Values. Journal of ASIAN Behavioral Studies: Sustainability Science and Management, 7(2), 247–253. doi: ISSN: 1823-8556.
Toplam 157 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özşen Çorumluoğlu 0000-0002-7876-6589

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 20 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çorumluoğlu, Ö. (2023). Evaluation of the urban ecosystem and local climate changes caused by urbanization in İzmir in terms of long-term UHI formation with the SSI method. Resilience, 7(1), 11-58. https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.1172781
 Kapak Resmi İndir