Organize Sanayi Bölgeleri’nin Natech Riskine Göre Değerlendirilmesi: Kocaeli İli İçin Bir Örnek

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 13 - 30, 28.06.2024

Emel Güven , Mehmet Pınarbaşı , Hacı Mehmet Alakaş , Tamer Eren

https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.1379980

Öz

Afetler günlük hayatın akışını etkileyen doğa olaylarıdır. Doğal afetler sonucunda canlı ve cansız varlıklar için maddi ve manevi olarak ciddi hasarlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Oluşan hasarların yanı sıra bazı zamanlarda afetler tarafından tetiklenen teknolojik kazalar da meydana gelmektedir. Doğal afetlerin tetiklediği teknolojik kazalar Natech kazaları olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Natech kazaları, afetlerin gerisinde kalmış olsa da Türkiye’de 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde gerçekleşen Kahramanmaraş merkezli deprem sonrası yeniden gündeme gelmiştir. Deprem sonrası İskenderun yat limanında çıkan yangının söndürülmesi için ciddi uğraşlar verilmiştir. Bu olay Natech kazası olarak kayıtlara geçmiştir. 10 Eylül 2023 tarihinde Libya’da meydana gelen selde barajların yıkılması afetin zararını çok daha ciddi boyutlara taşımıştır. Natech kazaları endüstriyel kuruluşlar için de önemli bir risk faktörü oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda bünyesinde birden fazla sektörde hizmet veren endüstriyel kuruluş bulunan Organize Sanayi Bölgeleri (OSB), Natech kazaları açısından riskli bir konumdadır. Bu çalışmada Kuzey Anadolu fay hattı üzerinde 12 OSB’si bulunan Kocaeli ilinde bir uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatür taraması ile belirlenen Natech kriterleri doğrultusunda Kocaeli’nde yer alan OSB’ler Natech riskine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Natech kriterlerinin değerlendirilmesinde Pisagor Bulanık AHP (Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi), OSB’lerde bulunan sektörlerin sıralanmasında ise Pisagor Bulanık TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma ortamındaki verilerin deterministik yapıda olmaması ve belirsizliklerin bulunması sebebiyle ele alınan problemde bulanık kümeler ile çözüm elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet Yönetimi, Organize Sanayi Bölgesi, Natech, Pisagor Bulanık AHP, Pisagor Bulanık TOPSIS

Destekleyen Kurum

YÖK 100/2000 Projesi

Evaluation of Organized Industrial Zones According to Natech Risk: An Example for Kocaeli Province

Öz

Disasters are natural events that affect the flow of daily life. As a result of natural disasters, serious material and moral damages occur for living and non-living beings. In addition to the damages caused, sometimes technological accidents triggered by disasters also occur. Technological accidents triggered by natural disasters are called Natech accidents. Although Natech accidents are behind the disasters, they came to the fore again after the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake that took place in Turkey on February 6, 2023. Serious efforts were made to extinguish the fire that broke out in Iskenderun marina after the earthquake. This incident was recorded as a Natech accident. The collapse of the dams in the flood that occurred in Libya on September 10, 2023, carried the damage of the disaster to much more serious levels. Natech accidents also constitute an important risk factor for industrial organizations. In this context, Organized Industrial Zones (OIZ), which have industrial establishments serving in more than one sector, are in a risky position in terms of Natech accidents. In this study, an application was carried out in Kocaeli province, which has 12 OIZs on the Northern Anatolian fault line. OIZs in Kocaeli were evaluated according to Natech risk in line with the Natech criteria determined by the literature review. Pythagoras Fuzzy AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Method) was used in the evaluation of Natech criteria, and Pythagoras Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity) method was used in ranking the sectors in OIZs. Since the data in the working environment is not deterministic and there are uncertainties, the problem was solved with fuzzy sets.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster Management, Organized Industrial Zone, Natech, Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP, Pythagorean Fuzzy, TOPSIS

Kaynakça

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