Neo-Religionswissenchaft: Din Biliminden Dinler Çalışmasına Eleştirel Dönüşümlerle Dinler Tarihi

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 30, 49 - 67, 30.12.2025

Mustafa Alıcı

https://doi.org/10.32950/rid.1780309

Öz

XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren antropolojiden ayrışarak başlangıçta, Almanca resmi adıyla Religionswissenchaft (Din Çalışması) ismini alan Dinler Tarihi, modern zamanların bilimi olarak ortaya çıkıp teorik açıdan güçlenerek normatif olmayan, filoloji ve kutsal metinlere dayalı din olgusunu, dinleri ve din fenomenlerini mukayeseli tarihsel yaklaşımıyla inceleyen bir bilim olarak belirdi.
Dinler Tarihi, her zaman olduğu gibi çağının parametrelerindeki değişimlere uygun olarak eleştirel bir bilim olarak, günümüzde ön-ek olarak kabul edildiği yenilik odaklı çoklu yöntemsel yaklaşımların, konuların, sorunların ve gelecek perspektiflerinin değişim gösterdiğinin gayet farkındadır.
Bu makale, bilhassa Eliade sonrası (Post-Eliaden) yeni dönemde Dinler Tarihi’ni etraflıca yeniden gözden geçirerek güncellemek niyetindedir. Biz öncelikle disiplinin çok isimli kimliğini, interdisipliner olmaktan hibrit disipline dönüşümleri, inanç ve gelenekleri inceleyen tarihsel mukayese ve fenomenolojik yöntemlere daha fazla eklektik ve sentetik formlarla yeni mukayesecilik bilişsel ve neo-feminist yönelimlere sahip çoklu metodolojiye yaklaşımları işleyeceğiz.
Modern dönemde yerellik ile evrensellik arasında salınım gösteren Dinler Tarihi çağdaş dönemde eleştirel kimliğiyle hareket eden, sorgulayan hatta meydan okuyucu şekilde dönüştürerek yol alan “her yerdeliğini” çok kültürlü ve dinamik ilişkileriyle sergileyeceğiz. Bunlara bağlı olarak alandaki değişen terminolojik diliyle gittikçe genişleyen “akademi politiğini” yansıtan problemleri hakkındaki değişen bakış açılarına değineceğiz. Son olarak disiplinin önündeki coşkulu, yankı verici ve sonsuzluk kazandırıcı geleceği hakkında öngörülerde bulunacağız.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi , Din , Bilişsel Yaklaşım , Yeni Mukayesecilik , Yeni Feminizm , Din Bilimleri , Postmodernizm

Neo-Religionswissenchaft: The History of Religion in Critical Transformation From The Science of Religion to the Study of Religions

Öz

Since the second half of the 19th century, the History of Religions has emerged as a scientific discipline distinct from anthropology, initially under its official German name Religionswissenschaft. As a science of modern times, it has theoretically strengthened its foundations by examining the phenomenon of religion, religions, and religious phenomena through a non-normative, philological, and sacred text-based, comparative-historical approach.
As always, the History of Religions functions as a critical science attuned to the changing parameters of its era. It is well aware that contemporary methodological approaches, topics, problems, and future perspectives have undergone significant transformations, now favoring innovation-oriented and multi-methodological approaches.
This article aims to extensively reassess and update the field of the History of Religions, particularly in the post-Eliade era. We will first evaluate the discipline's development from a micro-historical perspective. Then, we will address its multi-named identity, trans/post-humanist interpretations of the sacred, the transformation of myth into secular narratives, and the shift from an interdisciplinary to a hybrid disciplinary structure. Furthermore, we will explore how traditional historical-comparative and phenomenological methods for analyzing belief and tradition have evolved into more eclectic and synthetic approaches, incorporating cognitive, neo-feminist, and analytical methodologies.
We will also present new topics in the field, which oscillates between locality and universality in the modern era, while boldly engaging with global issues and exhibiting multicultural and techno-digital concerns. In connection with this, we will provide insights into the evolving terminological jargon and the ever-expanding and constantly renewed literature. Lastly, we will address the changing academic-political perspectives surrounding the field, which has increasingly assumed a maternal role for other religious sciences. We will conclude with projections about the vibrant, resonant, and potentially enduring future of the discipline.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions , Religion , Cognitive Approach , New Comparativism , Neo-Feminism , Religious Studies , Postmodernism

Kaynakça

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