Relationship between Geography-Tourism and Tourism's Effects According to High School Students

Abstract

This research was designed in the screening model to determine the opinions of high school students on tourism effects and geography-tourism relations. The data were gathered from 760 students who were educated in high schools in the central district of Kütahya, identified by cluster sampling method. The data were collected with the help of a scale developed by the researchers. This process benefited from the studies carried out in the related literature. According to findings, high school students' opinions on the social and cultural effects of tourism are positive. It was observed that the students do not have a clear view of the environmental effects of tourism, and remain at a level of indecision. According to the students, tourism is an important tool in promoting the country and Turkey is a country rich in natural and cultural tourism values. However, students were not sure whether Turkey can use its full potential and whether it introduces enough tourism opportunities at home and abroad. It was seen that the students can relate geography and tourism. The students emphasized the importance of geography in preserving the natural and cultural environment and in tourism education. In this context, they stated that it is necessary to arrange visits to tourist areas in geography lessons. When the significant differences in the view of students on tourism effects and their views on geography-tourism relation were examined, it was observed that female students have more positive views than male students, that students in 12th grade have more positive views than students in 9th, 10th, and 11th grades, that the students in the academic high schools have more positive views than the students in the skill set related to high schools and in the vocational high schools. 

Keywords

• Geography Education,High School Students,Tourism Effects,Geography-Tourism Relationship

Kaynakça

1. AKTOB. (2014). Turizm sektörünün yapısı, büyüklüğü ve ekonomiye katkısı araştırması. Akdeniz Turistik Otelciler ve İşletmeciler Birliği. Retrieved June 25, 2017, from http://www.aktob.org.tr/pdf/arastirma2014.pdf
2. Ap, J., & Crompton, J. L. (1998). Developing and testing a tourism impact scale. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 120-130. doi:10.1177/004728759803700203
3. Atalay, İ. (2005). Genel beşeri ve ekonomik coğrafya (4. ed.). İzmir: Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri.
4. Ateş, M. (2013). Evaluation of secondary school students' perceptions of urban tourism: the case of Edirne province. Humanitas (2), 49-62.
5. Ayaz, N., Yeşiltaş, M., & Türkmen, F. (2012). A study on perspectives and perceptions of tourism students on rural tourism. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomı̇k Araştırmalar Dergı̇si, 14(22), 103-112.
6. Bayat, B. (2014). Scaling, scales and "likert" scaling technique in applied social science researches. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(3), 1-24.
7. Bilim, Y., & Özer, Ö. (2013). Yerel halk gözüyle Konya'da turizmin önemi ve ekonomik, sosyal, çevresel etkileri. Retrieved July 3, 2017, from KOP Bölgesi Üniversiteler Birliği: http://unikop.org/makale/KS13-4-08.pdf
8. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2008). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (9. ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.

9. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2010). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
10. Christensen, L. B., Johnson, R. B., & Turner, L. A. (2015). Research methods, design and analysis. (A. Aypay, Trans.) Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
11. Civelek, H. (2014). The Opinions of the students in secondary education about tourism sector. (The sample of Trabzon province). Unpublished Master's Thesis. İstanbul: The Okan University Institute of Social Sciences.
12. Cooper, C. (1947). Tourism. The Journal of Geography, 46(3), 115-120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00221344708986708
13. Çakır, M., & Yalçin, A. E. (2012). Kültür ve turizm tanıtımında bir araç olarak internet kullanımı. Ankara: T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı.
14. Çetin, T., Karakuş, U., & Aksoy, B. (2012). Perception of foreign students about tourism and tourism values of turkey. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(3), 180-196.
15. De Bres, K., & Coomansingh, J. (2006). A student run field exercise in applied tourism geography. Journal of Geography, 105(2), 67-72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340608978663
16. Değerliyurt, M., Aksu, R., Aydoğmuş, M., Kaya, M., & Türkmen, E. (2013). Investigating the perspectives of preservice teachers of geography on cultural tourism in Diyarbakir. Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 8(9), 1045-1057. doi:10.7827/TurkishStudies.5527
17. Doğan, T. (2012, April). Turizm ve çevre ilişkisi bağlamında ekoturizmin çevre üzerine etkileri. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Ankara: T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Dış İlişkiler ve Avrupa Birliği Koordinasyon Dairesi Başkanlığı.
18. Doğanay, H. (2001). Türkiye turizm coğrafyası (3. ed.). Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi Yayınları. Emekli, G. (2006). Geography, culture and tourism: cultural tourism. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi (15), 51-59.
19. Güçlü, Y. (2016). Türkiye'de turizm. In M. Hayır-Kanat (Ed.), Türkiye coğrafyası ve jeopolitiği (pp. 459-489). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
20. Gülüm, K., & Artvinli, E. (2010). The effect of tourism geography lesson on geographical perception: an empirical study. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 439-453.
21. Gümüşçü, O. (2013). Coğrafya'ya davet (2. ed.). İstanbul: Yeditepe Yayınevi.
22. Güneş, N. (2014). Resident perception of tourism and participation in tourism: a case study of Antalya Konyaaltı and Kepez district. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Antalya: Akdeniz University Social Sciences Institute Department of Tourism and Hotel Management.
23. Gürdal, M. (2001). Türkiye turizm coğrafyası. Muğla: Muğla Üniversitesi Matbaası.
24. Hemmer, I., & Hemmer, M. (2017). Teachers’ Interests in geography topics and regions – how they differ from students’ interests? Empirical findings. RIGEO 7(1), 9-23. Retrieved from http://www.rigeo.org/vol7no1/Number1Spring/RIGEO-V7-N1-1.pdf
25. İncekara, S., & Savran, Z. (2011). A study on the attitudes of highschool students towards tourism: a case study from Hatay province. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 144-164.
26. Karadeniz, C. B. (2004). The viewpoint to tourism and evaluation of students in elementary education department. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17, 37-52.
27. Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
28. Kervankıran, İ. (2013). Coğrafya eğitimi ve turizm ilişkisi. In R. Özey, F. Tuna, & N. Bilgen (Eds.), 21. Yüzyılda değişen yaklaşımlar ve yükseköğretimde coğrafya eğitimi (1. ed., pp. 331-359). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
29. Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52-54. doi:https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52
30. Koca, N., & Bulut, R. (2016). Pre-Service social studies teachers’ perceptions of tourism. Turkish studies -International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 11(3), 1541-1554.
31. Kozak, N. (2012). Genel turizm bilgisi. (M. A. Kozak, Ed.) Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
32. Kozak, N., Kozak, M. A., & Kozak, M. (2015). Genel turizm ilkeler-kavramlar. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
33. Lane, J., & Stoltman, J. (2017). Guided educational tourism as informal physical geography education on st. Helena Island, Michigan. Journal of Geography, 116 (3), 119-126. doi:10.1080/00221341.2016.1206953
34. Özaltın-Türker, G., & Türker, A. (2014). How effect’s the local residents perception of tourism impacts level to the tourism supports: Dalyan sample. Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges, 81-98.
35. Özder, A., Kaya, H., & Ünlü, M. (2012). The analysis example of secondary school students’ metaphors towards “tourism” concept. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 25, 18-31.
36. Özgüç, N. (1998). Turizm coğrafyası - özellikler ve bölgeler (4. ed.). İstanbul: Çantay Kitabevi.
37. Öztaş, K. (2002). Turizm ekonomisi ve genel turizm bilgileri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
38. Prakapıenė, D., & Olberkytė, L. (2013). Using educational tourism in geographical education. RIGEO, 3 (2), 138-151. Retrieved from http://rigeo.org/vol3no2/RIGEO-V3-N2-2.pdf
39. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. (2007). Türkiye turizm stratejisi 2023 ve eylem planı 2007-2013. Ankara: T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları. Retrieved from http://www.kultur.gov.tr/Eklenti/906,ttstratejisi2023pdf.pdf?0
40. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism General Directorate of Promotion. (2015, January). Tanıtma bülten (3). Retrieved from https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/ medya/dokuman/dokumandetay/8167
41. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism General Directorate of Promotion. (2016, March). Tanıtma bülten (7). Retrieved from https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/ medya/dokuman/dokumandetay/8171
42. Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education General Directorate of Secondary Education. (2017). Ortaöğretim coğrafya dersi öğretim programı. Ankara: T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. Retrieved from http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/ProgramDetay. aspx?PID=171
43. Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education. (2016). Regulation on secondary education institutions. Retrieved from http://ogm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2016_11/03111224 _ooky.pdf
44. Robson, C. (2015). Real world research. (N. D. Şakir Çınkır, Trans.) Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
45. Sezgin, O. M., & Acar, Y. (1991). Turizm. Ankara: Baştem Yayınları.
46. Tavşancıl, E. (2006). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
47. Xie, P. F. (2004). Tourism field trip: students' view of experiential learning. Tourism Review International, 8 (2), 101-111. doi:https://doi.org/10.3727/1544272042782219
48. Yıldız-Duban, N., & Gökçakan, N. (2012). Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının fen öğretimi öz-yeterlik inançları ve fen öğretimine yönelik tutumları. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21 (1), 267-280.