Cramming Facts and Thinking Concepts: Instance of Preparation of Student Geography Teachers in Liberec

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 261 - 280, 31.12.2014

Jaroslav Vávra

Öz

In general, geographical education is closed into two strands. First, in geographical content (knowledge),
there are geographical facts on the one hand and on the other hand there is geographical thinking. Second,
in geographical cognition there is rote learning in behavioral strategy on the one hand and on the other
hand meaningful learning in constructivist strategy. This study presents interactions into the two strands
and it describes theoretical sources that comes from geography, geographical education and cognitive
psychology and presents experience of the Liberec students, student geography teachers, and their
preparation for their job. Access is laying on key courses, Classroom Management, Czech Geographical
Curriculum and Geographical Exercises and Projects. In geographical projects, fieldworks and enquiry
are preferred. Geographical (scientific) content is emphasized that is transferred into school geographical
education. Methods which are used in the text result from description of development of geographical
education in the Czech R. (one hundred years). This evaluation is based on wider frame of geographical
curriculum, above all on English curriculum and US geography standards. The key tool of analysis is
used in a revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Results are implemented into the
courses in which future geography teachers in Liberec are prepared and practiced

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geographical education, geographical teaching and learning, educational strategies, geographical content, taxonomy of educational objectives, geographical curriculum

Kaynakça

• Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching and Assessing (Abridged Edition ed.). Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
• Artvinli, E., & Kaya, N. (2010). 1992 International Charter on Geographical Education and Its Reflections in Turkey. Získáno 15. June 2012, z http://www.igu-cge.org/chartertranslations/22.%20Turkish.pdf
• Ausubel, D. P. (1968). Educational Psychology. A Cognitive View. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
• Bednarz, S. W., Bettis, N. C., Boehm, R. G., de Souza, A. R., Downs, R. M., Marran, J. F., . . .Slater, C. L. (1994). Geography for Life. National Geography Standards 1994 (1st ed.). Washington D.C., USA: National Geographic Research & Exploration.
• Brabec, F., Černoch, F., Demek, J., Feranec, J., Herber, J., Mičian, Ĺ., . . . Wimmer, G. (1982). O novom chápaní výchovy a vzdělávania na stredných školách. Zemepis pre stredné školy. študijné texty na přípravu pedagogických pracovníkov. (M. Gúčiková, Editor) Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateĺstvo.
• Bruner, J. (1960, 1977). The Process of Education. A Landmark in Educational Theory (Twentyseventh printing, 2003 ed.). Hardvard University Press.
• Černocký, B., Hedvábná, H., Herink, J., Janoušková, S., Kubištová, I., Maršák, J., . . . Svobodová, J. (2011). Přírodovědná gramotnost ve výuce. Příručka pro učitele se souborem úloh. Praha: Národní ústav pro vzdělávání, školské poradenské zařízení a zařízení pro další vzdělávání pedagogických pracovníků, divize VÚP.
• Downs, R. M., Whitham Bednarz, S., Bock, J. K., Fitzpatrick, C., Gray Jr., P. T., Gallagher Heffron, S., . . . Stoltman, J. P. (2012). Geography for Life: National Geography Standards (Second Edition. Geography Education National Implementation Project ed.). Washington: National Council for Geographic Education.
• Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (1993). Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Critical Features from an Instructional Design Perspective. 6(4), pp. 50-72.
• Gersmehl, P. (2005). Teaching Geography (1th ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
• Gersmehl, P. (2008). Teaching Geography (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
• Gould, P., & White, R. (1974). Mental Maps (Second edition, 1986, Transferred to digital printing 2003 ed.). London: Routledge.
• Haggett, P. (1968). Prostranstvennyj analiz v ekonomičeskoj geografii. Moskva: Progress.
• Harapat, J. (1907). Rozpravy zeměpisné. Hledě zvláště k cíli a účelu, k obsahu i rozsahu, k osnovám, methodám a pomůckám, jakož i k historickému vývoji vědy a učby zeměpisné. (Sv. Díl I.). Praha: Nákladem "Dědictví Komenského", tiskem Ladislava Grunda.
• Haskell, R. E. (2001). Transfer of Learning. Cognition, Instruction, and Reasoning (Educational Psychology Series ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.
• Haubrich, H. (. (1994). International Charter on Geographical Education (1992). Freiburg: Commission on Geographical Education, IGU/UGI.
• Haversath, J.-B. (2012). Geographiedidaktik. Braunschweig: Bildungshaus Schulbuchverlage, Westermann.
• Hynek, A. (2000). Vzdělávání zeměpisem. Získáno 9. říjen 2006, z Školní vzdělávací programy: http://svp.muni.cz/ukazat.php?docId=226
• Chorley, R. J., & Haggett, P. (1967). Models in Geography. London: Methuen.
• Jeřábek, J., & Tupý, J. (. (2009, leden 26). Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education. FEP EE (with amendments as of 1st September 2007). Retrieved November 20, 2012, from rvp.cz: http://rvp.cz/informace/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/RVP_ZV_ EN_final.pdf
• Jeřábek, J., Krčková, S., & Slejšková, L. (. (2007). Framework Education Programme for Secondary General Education (Grammar Schools) (in the Czech R.). Retrieved January 12, 2013, from rvp.cz: http://rvp.cz/informace/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/RVP_G-anj.pdf
• Kolejka, J. (2013). Náměty a inspirace z letošní světové zeměpisné olympiády. Časopis pro výuku přírodovědných předmětů na základních a středních školách. Biologie, chemie,zeměpis, 22(5).
• Kulke, E. (. (2007). Educational Standards in Geography for the Intermediate School Certificate. (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geographie) Retrieved December 22, 2008, from DGfG - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geographie e.V.: http://www.geographie.de/docs/geography_ education.pdf
• Lambert, D. (2009). A Different View. A manifesto from the Geographical Association. Sheffield: The Geographical Association.
• Lambert, D., & Balderstone, D. (2000). Learning to Teach Geography in the Secondary School. A Companion to School Experience (1st Edition ed.). Abingdon: RoutledgeFalmer.
• Lambert, D., & Balderstone, D. (2010). Learning to teach geography in the secondary school: a companion to school experience. Abingdon: Routledge.
• Latz, W. (2012). Diercke Geography, advanced level. Braunschweig: Westermann Schroedel Diersterweg Schöningh Winklers GmbH.
• Leat, D. (1998, 2001). Thinking Through Geography (2 ed.). (D. Leat, Ed.) London: Chris Kington Publishing.
• Lichtenberger, E. (1984). The German-speaking countries. In R. Johnston, & P. Claval, Geography since the second world war (pp. 156-184). Beckenham: Croom Helm Ltd.
• Lynch, K. (1960/2004). Obraz města. The Image of the City. (L. Popelová, & J. Huťa, Překl.) Praha: Nakladatelství RNDr. Ivana Hexnerová - BOVA POLYGON.
• Matoušek, A., Trna, J., & Rychnovský, B. (1998). Fyzickogeografické standardy ve vztahu ke standardům z přírodních věd. stránky 417-422.
• Morgan, J., & Lambert, D. (2005). Geography. Teaching School Subjects 11-19. Abingdon: Routledge.
• Paulov, J. (1980). Zeměpis pro I. ročník gymnázií. II. část. Pokusná učebnice. (H. Převrátilová, Editor, & S. Chod, Překl.) Praha: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství.
• Rawling, E. M. (2001). Changing the Subject. The impact of national policy on school geography 1980-2000. Sheffield: the Geographical Association.
• Rinschede, G. (2005). Geographiedidaktik (2., aktualisierte Auflage Ausg.). Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh GmbH.
• Rivkin, S. G., Hanushek, E. A., & Kain, J. F. (2005, March). Teachers, Schools, and Academic Achievement. Econometrica, 73(2), 417-458.
• Roberts, M. (2003). Learning through Enquiry. Making sense of geography in the key stage 3 classroom. Sheffield: The Geographical Association.
• Roberts, M. (2006). Geographical enquiry. In D. Balderstone (ed.), & R. Pipes (Ed.), Secondary Geography Handbook (pp. 90-105). Sheffield: Geographical Association .
• Roberts, M. (2013). Geography Through Enquiry. Approaches to teaching and learning in the secondary school. Sheffield: The Geographical Association.
• Shulman, L. S. (1987, February). Knowledge and Teaching: Foundation of the New Reform. Harward Educational Review, 57(1), p. 21.
• Schuman, L. (1996). Perspectives on Instruction. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from SDU - educational technology: http://edweb.sdsu.edu/courses/edtec540/perspectives.html
• Slavin, R. E. (2012). Educational Psychology. Theory and Practice. Upper Saddle River: Pearson.
• Sobotová, M., & Sobota, K. (1996). Zeměpisný náčrtník. Praha: Nakladatestlví České geografické společnosti.
• Spalová, K. (1931). Metodika zeměpisu. (2. nové upravené vydání. vyd.). Velké Meziříčí: Nakladateství Alois Šašek.
• Spalová, K. (1933). Zeměpis prací tvořivou. (Teorie i prakse.). Velké Meziříčí: Nakladatelství Aloise Šaška.
• Uhlenwinkel, A. (2014). Factual knowledge and conceptual understanding. Geography, 99(Part 1 Spring 2014), pp. 28-35.
• Vávra, J. (2007). The Concept of Place in the U.S. NGS and the Czech Geographical Curriculum. London: IGU, Commission for Geographical Education, British Sub-Committee with HERODOT.
• Vávra, J. (5. květen 2011). Proč a k čemu taxonomie vzdělávacích cílů? (Výzkumný ústav pedagogický v Praze) Získáno 5. květen 2011, z Metodický portál: Články: http://clanky.rvp.cz/clanek/c/Z/11113/proc-a-k-cemu-taxonomie-vzdelavacich-cilu-.html/
• Vávra, J. (2012). Concept of Demographic Transition Theory in Geographical Curriculum of Primary and Secondary Schools in the Czech Republic. (H. Svobodová, Ed.) pp. 163-171. Retrieved from http://www.ped.muni.cz/wgeo/soubory/Ruzne/SBORNIK-tisk.pdf#page= 165
• Vávra, J. (2013). Poznávání a poznání ve výuce českého (gymnaziálního) zeměpisu II: styly a strategie. Získáno 20. duben 2013, z RVP, Metodický portál: http://clanky.rvp.cz/clanek/c/G/17203/poznavani-a-poznani-ve-vyuce-ceskehogymnazialniho-zemepisu-ii-styly-a-strategie.html/
• Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society. The Development of Higher Psycholgical Processes. President and Fellows of Harvard College.
• Waugh, D. (1995). Geography. An Integrated Approach (2nd edition ed.). Walton-on-Thames Surrey: Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd.
• Waugh, D. (2009). Geography. An Integrated Approach (4th edition ed.). Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd.
• White, A. (2008). From Comfort Zone to Performance Management. Understanding development & performance. Baisy-Thy: White & MacLean Publishing.