Postbiotics and Their Antimicrobial Activity: A mini-review

Öz

Postbiotics are defined as inanimate metabolites, or compounds of probiotic microorganisms that provide health benefits to the consumer. They are produced through fermentation by probiotic microorganisms and can be in various biochemical structures such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bacteriocins, peptides, organic acids, amino acids and vitamins. Postbiotics have antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesogenic, and other beneficial health effects. Postbiotics exert their antimicrobial effects by producing antimicrobial compounds, competition for nutrients and other chemicals, preventing adhesion and modulating the immune system. In the food industry they are mainly used as food additives and preservatives. Even though probiotics are currently widely used in both the food industry and medical field, they have some disadvantages, which have led to the search for alternatives. Postbiotics have the potential to replace probiotics in the future as they provide the same benefits without the negative side effects. They can also be an alternative for food additives for their organic structures rather than artificial compounds. However, more precise studies are needed for the safe consumption and accurate dosage of postbiotics. In this review, the properties and potential uses of postbiotics are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Postbiotic
• probiotic
• antimicrobial
• antibacterial
• anti-inflammatory
• health benefits.

Postbiyotikler ve Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri: Mini derleme

Öz

PPostbiyotikler, probiyotik mikroorganizmaların tüketiciye sağlık faydaları sağlayan, cansız metabolitleri veya bileşikleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Probiyotik mikroorganizmalar tarafından fermantasyon yoluyla üretilirler ve kısa zincirli yağ asitleri (SCFA'lar), bakteriyosinler, peptitler, organik asitler, amino asitler ve vitaminler gibi çeşitli biyokimyasal yapılarda olabilirler. Antimikrobiyal, antikarsinojenik, antiinflamatuar, antioksidan, anti-obezojenik ve diğer faydalı sağlık etkilerine sahiptirler. Postbiyotikler antimikrobiyal etkilerini antimikrobiyal bileşikler üreterek, besinler ve diğer kimyasallar için rekabet ederek, yapışmayı önleyerek ve bağışıklık sistemini modüle ederek gösterirler. Gıda endüstrisinde çoğunlukla gıda katkı maddesi ve koruyucu olarak kullanılırlar. Probiyotikler şu anda hem gıda endüstrisinde hem de tıp alanında yaygın olarak kullanılsa da alternatif arayışlara yol açan bazı dezavantajları vardır. Postbiyotikler, olumsuz yan etkileri olmadan aynı faydaları sağladıkları için gelecekte probiyotiklerin yerini alma potansiyeline sahiptir. Yapay bileşikler yerine organik yapıları nedeniyle gıda katkı maddeleri için de bir alternatif olabilirler. Bununla birlikte, postbiyotiklerin güvenli tüketimi ve doğru dozajı için daha kesin çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu derlemede, postbiyotiklerin özellikleri ve potansiyel kullanımları tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Postbiyotik
• probiyotik
• antimikrobiyal
• antibakteriyel
• antiinflamatuar
• sağlık faydaları.

Kaynakça

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