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Atık Malzemelerin Çimentolu Macun Dolgunun Dayanım-Duraylılık Performansına ve Üretim Maliyetine Etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 10, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1083634

Öz

Bu çalışma ile çimentolu macun dolgu (ÇMD) karışımında sülfürlü-maden atığı (S-MA) yerine %15 oranında ikame edilen atık malzemelerin (inşaat-yıkıntı atığı: İYA, kireçtaşı: KT, uçucu kül: UK ve yüksek fırın cürufu: YFC) ÇMD’nin dayanım/duraylılık performansına ve üretim maliyetine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, üretilen ÇMD numuneleri (kontrol: ve %15 atık malzeme ikameli) 7-360 gün boyunca dayanım testine tabi tutulmuştur. ÇMD üretim maliyetinin araştırılması için karışımlarda kullanılan çimento miktarları ve maliyetleri belirlenirken, atık malzemelerin öğütme sırasındaki enerji tüketimleri ve maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır. Tüm numuneler kısa ve uzun dönemde istenen 1,0 MPa dayanımı sağlamış ve %15 UK ve YFC ikameli ÇMD numuneleri kontrol numunelerine kıyasla 4 kata kadar daha yüksek dayanım üretmiştir. 1,0 m3 ÇMD üretimi için kontrol karışımında 130,0 kg çimento (%8,5) kullanılırken, atık malzeme ikameli karışımlarda bağlayıcı oranının %1,0 düşürülmesi yaklaşık %15 çimento tasarrufu sağlamıştır. Atık malzemelerin öğütme işlemlerinde 6,55-18,89 kW-saat/ton elektrik enerjisi tüketilmiş ve böylece 2,99 ₺ (UK)-8,85 ₺ (İYA) arasında para harcanmıştır. ÇMD üretimi için toplam maliyet değerlendirildiğinde, kontrol karışımı için 153,4 ₺ harcanırken, %15 atık malzeme ikameli karışımların maliyetinin 133,5 ₺’ye kadar (%12,98’e kadar tasarruf) düşürülebilmesi öngörülmüştür. Sonuçlar, ÇMD’nin dayanım/duraylılık performansı ve üretim maliyeti konusunda en uygun karışım tipinin %15 UK ikameli ÇMD karışımı olduğunu göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • ASTM C39/C39M-16b, (2016). Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society of Testing Material.
  • Başçetin, A., Eker, H. (2018). Uçucu külün, çimentolu macun dolgunun mekanik dayanımına etkisi. Kapadokya Yerbilimleri Sempozyumu, 24-27 Ekim, Niğde, Türkiye, 218-225.
  • Benzaazoua, M., Belem, T., Bussiere, B. (2002). Chemical factors that influence the performance of mine sulphidic paste backfill. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(7), 1133-1144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00752-4
  • Cihangir, F., Ercikdi, B., Kesimal, A., Turan, A., Deveci, H. (2012). Utilisation of alkali-activated blast furnace slag in paste backfill of high-sulphide mill tailings: effect of binder type and dosage. Minerals Engineering, 30, 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2012.01.009
  • Cihangir, F., Akyol, Y. (2018). Mechanical, hydrological and microstructural assessment of the durability of cemented paste backfill containing alkali-activated slag. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 32(2), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2016.1242183
  • Ercikdi, B., Kesimal, A., Cihangir, F., Deveci, H., Alp, İ. (2009a). Cemented paste backfill of sulphide-rich tailings: importance of binder type and dosage. Cement and Concrete Composites, 31(4), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.01.008
  • Ercikdi, B., Cihangir, F., Kesimal, A., Deveci, H., Alp, İ. (2009b). Utilization of industrial waste products as pozzolanic material in cemented paste backfill of high sulphide mill tailings. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168(2-3), 848-856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.100
  • Ercikdi, B., Cihangir, F., Kesimal, A., Deveci, H., Alp, Ì. (2010). Effect of natural pozzolans as mineral admixture on the performance of cemented-paste backfill of sulphide-rich tailings. Waste Management & Research, 28(5), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X09351905
  • Ercikdi, B., Külekci, G., Yılmaz, T. (2015). Utilization of granulated marble wastes and waste bricks as mineral admixture in cemented paste backfill of sulphide-rich tailings. Construction and Building Materials, 93, 573-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.042
  • Ercikdi, B., Cihangir, F., Kesimal, A., Deveci, H. (2017). Practical importance of tailings for cemented paste backfill, In Paste Tailings Management, Editors: Erol Yilmaz ve Mamadou Fall, Springer International Publishing, Cham/ Switzerland, pp. 7-32.
  • Erçıkdı, B. (2009). Mineral ve kimyasal katkı maddelerinin macun dolgu performansına etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, 128s.
  • Erçıkdı, B., Yılmaz, T. (2019). Çimentolu macun dolgunun dayanım ve mikroyapı özellikleri; c-sınıfı uçucu külün etkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 21(61), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2019216102
  • Fall, M., Benzaazoua, M. (2005). modeling the effect of sulphate on strength development of paste backfill and binder mixture optimization. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(2), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.020
  • Fall, M., Adrien, D., Célestin, J.C., Pokharel, M., Touré, M. (2009). Saturated hydraulic conductivity of cemented paste backfill. Minerals Engineering, 22(15), 1307-1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2009.08.002
  • Fall, M., Pokharel, M. (2010). Coupled effects of sulphate and temperature on the strength development of cemented tailings backfills: Portland cement-paste backfill. Cement and Concrete Composites, 32(10), 819-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.08.002
  • Kesimal, A., Yılmaz, E., Erçıkdı, B., Alp, I., Yumlu, M., Özdemir, B. (2002). Çimentolu macun dolgunun laboratuvar testi. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, 41(4), 11-20.
  • Kesimal, A., Yılmaz, E., Erçıkdı, B., Alp, İ., Deveci, H. (2005). Effect of tailings and binder on the short-and long-term strength and stability of cemented paste backfill. Materials Letters, 59(28), 3703-3709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.06.042
  • Külekçi, G. (2013). Mermer ve tuğla atıklarının macun dolguda kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, 208s.
  • Külekçi, G., Erçikdi, B., Aliyazicioğlu, Ş. (2016). Effect of waste brick as mineral admixture on the mechanical performance of cemented paste backfill. Earth and Environmental Science, 44(4), 042039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/44/4/042039
  • Külekçi, G., Yılmaz, A.O. (2018). İnşaat atıklarından elde edilen geri kazanılmış agreganın madencilik yöntemlerinde kullanılması. Kapadokya yerbilimleri sempozyumu, 24-26 Ekim, Niğde, Türkiye, 212-217.
  • Külekçi, G. (2021). The statistical relationship of cure time and compressive strength in paste backfilling, 3. International Sciences and Innovation Congress, 09-12 June, 310-316.
  • Kulekci, G., Yilmaz, A., Cullu, M. (2021). Experimental investigation of usability of construction waste as aggregate. Journal of Mining and Environment, 12(1), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.22044/jme.2021.10309.1976
  • Li, W., Fall, M. (2018). Strength and self-desiccation of slag-cemented paste backfill at early ages: link to initial sulphate concentration. Cement and Concrete Composites, 89, 160-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.09.019
  • Memon, A.H., Radin, S.S., Zain, M.F.M., Trottier, J.F. (2002). Effects of mineral and chemical admixtures on high-strength concrete in seawater. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(3), 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00687-1
  • Ouattara, D., Belem, T., Mbonimpa, M., Yahia, A. (2018). Effect of superplasticizers on the consistency and unconfined compressive strength of cemented paste backfills. Construction and Building Materials, 181, 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.288
  • Ouellet, S., Bussière, B., Aubertin, M., Benzaazoua, M. (2007). Microstructural evolution of cemented paste backfill: mercury intrusion porosimetry test results. Cement and Concrete Research, 37(12), 1654-1665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.016
  • Panchal, S., Deb, D., Sreenivas, T. (2018). Mill tailings based composites as paste backfill in mines of u-bearing dolomitic limestone ore. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 10(2), 310-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.08.004
  • Shaikh, F.U., Supit, S.W. (2015). Compressive strength and durability properties of high volume fly ash (HVFA) concretes containing ultrafine fly ash (UFFA). Construction and building materials, 82, 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.02.068
  • Tariq, A., Nehdi, M. (2007). Developing durable paste backfill from sulphidic tailings. Waste Management Research, 160(4), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1680/warm.2007.160.4.155
  • Tütüneken H.B., (2022). Portland Çimentosu (CEMI 42,5R) için belirlenen dökme çimento fabrika teslim fiyatı, Satış Sorumlusu: Tütüneken H.B., Aşkale Çimento A.Ş Trabzon Çimento Fabrikası (Yayınlanmayan), Trabzon.
  • Yan, B., Yilmaz, E. (2020). Analytical solution for stress distribution in cementitious backfills considering stope inclinations. Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 1(2), 26-33.
  • Yılmaz, T., Erçıkdı, B., Cihangir, F. (2017). Yüksek fırın cürufu ve perlit ikamesinin çimentolu macun dolgunun mekanik ve mikro yapı özelliklerine etkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 239-252. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.358429
  • Yılmaz, T., Ercikdi, B., Deveci, H. (2018). Utilization of construction and demolition waste as cemented paste backfill material for underground mine openings. Journal of Environmental Management, 222, 250-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.075
  • Yılmaz, T. (2019). Asit nötralize edici malzemeler kullanılarak sülfürlü atıklardan duraylı macun dolgu üretiminin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, 153s.
  • Yılmaz, T., Erçıkdı, B., Cihangir, F. (2019). İnşaat atıklarının yeraltı madeni üretim boşluklarında dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanımı. Konya Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(4), 784-796. https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.654947
  • Yılmaz, T., Ercikdi, B., Cihangir, F. (2020). Evaluation of the neutralization performances of the industrial waste products (IWPs) in sulphide-rich environment of cemented paste backfill. Journal of Environmental Management, 258, 110037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110037
  • Yilmaz E., Yumlu, M. (2017). Cayeli paste backfill system and operations, In Paste Tailings Management, Editors: Erol Yilmaz ve Mamadou Fall, Springer International Publishing, Cham/Switzerland, pp. 235-264.
  • Yin, S., Shao, Y., Wu, A., Wang, Y., Chen, X. (2018). Expansion and strength properties of cemented backfill using sulphidic mill tailings. Construction and Building Materials, 165, 138-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.005
  • Yumlu, M. (2001). Backfill practices at Cayeli mine. International Mining Conference, 19-22 June, Ankara, Turkey, 333–339.
  • Zheng, J., Guo, L., Sun, X., Li, W., Jia, Q. (2018). Study on the strength development of cemented backfill body from lead-zinc mine tailings with sulphide. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7278014
  • URL-1, (2022). http://cevherhazirla.blogspot.com/search/label/i%C5%9F%20endeksi. 24 Şubat 2022
  • URL-2, (2022). https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-fiyatlari/. 02 Mart

Effect of Waste Materials on the Strength-Stability Performance and Production Cost of Cemented Paste Backfill

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 10, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1083634

Öz

In this study, the effect of the waste materials (WMs) (construction-demolition waste: CDW, limestone: LS, fly ash: FA and blast furnace slag: BFS), replaced at 15wt.% to sulphide-mine tailings (S-MT) in cemented paste backfill (CPB) mixture, on the strength/stability performance and production cost of CPB were examined. Within this scope, CPB samples (Control and 15wt.% WM) were subjected to the strength tests for 7-360 days. To investigate the production cost of CPB, the amount and costs of the binder were determined, while the energy consumption and costs of the WMs during grinding were calculated. All samples provided the desired 1.0 MPa strength in the short- and long-term, and CPB samples containing 15wt.% FA and BFS produced up to 4 times higher strength than the Control. 130.0 kg cement was used in Control mixture for 1.0 m3 CPB production, whilst reducing the binder dosage by 1.0% in the CPB mixture with WM resulted in approximately 15% cement savings. During the grinding process of WMs, 6.55-18.89 kWh/ton of electric energy was consumed; thus, 2.99₺ (FA)-8.85₺ (CDW) of money was spent. When the total cost for CPB production was evaluated, 153.4₺ was spent for the Control mixture, whereas it was foreseen that the cost of backfill mixtures of 15wt.% WM can be reduced to 133.5₺ (saving up to 12.98%). The results demonstrated that the most suitable mixture type for CPB's strength/stability performance and production cost is the CPB mixture of 15wt.% FA.

Kaynakça

  • ASTM C39/C39M-16b, (2016). Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society of Testing Material.
  • Başçetin, A., Eker, H. (2018). Uçucu külün, çimentolu macun dolgunun mekanik dayanımına etkisi. Kapadokya Yerbilimleri Sempozyumu, 24-27 Ekim, Niğde, Türkiye, 218-225.
  • Benzaazoua, M., Belem, T., Bussiere, B. (2002). Chemical factors that influence the performance of mine sulphidic paste backfill. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(7), 1133-1144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00752-4
  • Cihangir, F., Ercikdi, B., Kesimal, A., Turan, A., Deveci, H. (2012). Utilisation of alkali-activated blast furnace slag in paste backfill of high-sulphide mill tailings: effect of binder type and dosage. Minerals Engineering, 30, 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2012.01.009
  • Cihangir, F., Akyol, Y. (2018). Mechanical, hydrological and microstructural assessment of the durability of cemented paste backfill containing alkali-activated slag. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 32(2), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2016.1242183
  • Ercikdi, B., Kesimal, A., Cihangir, F., Deveci, H., Alp, İ. (2009a). Cemented paste backfill of sulphide-rich tailings: importance of binder type and dosage. Cement and Concrete Composites, 31(4), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.01.008
  • Ercikdi, B., Cihangir, F., Kesimal, A., Deveci, H., Alp, İ. (2009b). Utilization of industrial waste products as pozzolanic material in cemented paste backfill of high sulphide mill tailings. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168(2-3), 848-856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.100
  • Ercikdi, B., Cihangir, F., Kesimal, A., Deveci, H., Alp, Ì. (2010). Effect of natural pozzolans as mineral admixture on the performance of cemented-paste backfill of sulphide-rich tailings. Waste Management & Research, 28(5), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X09351905
  • Ercikdi, B., Külekci, G., Yılmaz, T. (2015). Utilization of granulated marble wastes and waste bricks as mineral admixture in cemented paste backfill of sulphide-rich tailings. Construction and Building Materials, 93, 573-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.042
  • Ercikdi, B., Cihangir, F., Kesimal, A., Deveci, H. (2017). Practical importance of tailings for cemented paste backfill, In Paste Tailings Management, Editors: Erol Yilmaz ve Mamadou Fall, Springer International Publishing, Cham/ Switzerland, pp. 7-32.
  • Erçıkdı, B. (2009). Mineral ve kimyasal katkı maddelerinin macun dolgu performansına etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, 128s.
  • Erçıkdı, B., Yılmaz, T. (2019). Çimentolu macun dolgunun dayanım ve mikroyapı özellikleri; c-sınıfı uçucu külün etkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 21(61), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2019216102
  • Fall, M., Benzaazoua, M. (2005). modeling the effect of sulphate on strength development of paste backfill and binder mixture optimization. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(2), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.020
  • Fall, M., Adrien, D., Célestin, J.C., Pokharel, M., Touré, M. (2009). Saturated hydraulic conductivity of cemented paste backfill. Minerals Engineering, 22(15), 1307-1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2009.08.002
  • Fall, M., Pokharel, M. (2010). Coupled effects of sulphate and temperature on the strength development of cemented tailings backfills: Portland cement-paste backfill. Cement and Concrete Composites, 32(10), 819-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.08.002
  • Kesimal, A., Yılmaz, E., Erçıkdı, B., Alp, I., Yumlu, M., Özdemir, B. (2002). Çimentolu macun dolgunun laboratuvar testi. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, 41(4), 11-20.
  • Kesimal, A., Yılmaz, E., Erçıkdı, B., Alp, İ., Deveci, H. (2005). Effect of tailings and binder on the short-and long-term strength and stability of cemented paste backfill. Materials Letters, 59(28), 3703-3709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.06.042
  • Külekçi, G. (2013). Mermer ve tuğla atıklarının macun dolguda kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, 208s.
  • Külekçi, G., Erçikdi, B., Aliyazicioğlu, Ş. (2016). Effect of waste brick as mineral admixture on the mechanical performance of cemented paste backfill. Earth and Environmental Science, 44(4), 042039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/44/4/042039
  • Külekçi, G., Yılmaz, A.O. (2018). İnşaat atıklarından elde edilen geri kazanılmış agreganın madencilik yöntemlerinde kullanılması. Kapadokya yerbilimleri sempozyumu, 24-26 Ekim, Niğde, Türkiye, 212-217.
  • Külekçi, G. (2021). The statistical relationship of cure time and compressive strength in paste backfilling, 3. International Sciences and Innovation Congress, 09-12 June, 310-316.
  • Kulekci, G., Yilmaz, A., Cullu, M. (2021). Experimental investigation of usability of construction waste as aggregate. Journal of Mining and Environment, 12(1), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.22044/jme.2021.10309.1976
  • Li, W., Fall, M. (2018). Strength and self-desiccation of slag-cemented paste backfill at early ages: link to initial sulphate concentration. Cement and Concrete Composites, 89, 160-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.09.019
  • Memon, A.H., Radin, S.S., Zain, M.F.M., Trottier, J.F. (2002). Effects of mineral and chemical admixtures on high-strength concrete in seawater. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(3), 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00687-1
  • Ouattara, D., Belem, T., Mbonimpa, M., Yahia, A. (2018). Effect of superplasticizers on the consistency and unconfined compressive strength of cemented paste backfills. Construction and Building Materials, 181, 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.288
  • Ouellet, S., Bussière, B., Aubertin, M., Benzaazoua, M. (2007). Microstructural evolution of cemented paste backfill: mercury intrusion porosimetry test results. Cement and Concrete Research, 37(12), 1654-1665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.016
  • Panchal, S., Deb, D., Sreenivas, T. (2018). Mill tailings based composites as paste backfill in mines of u-bearing dolomitic limestone ore. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 10(2), 310-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.08.004
  • Shaikh, F.U., Supit, S.W. (2015). Compressive strength and durability properties of high volume fly ash (HVFA) concretes containing ultrafine fly ash (UFFA). Construction and building materials, 82, 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.02.068
  • Tariq, A., Nehdi, M. (2007). Developing durable paste backfill from sulphidic tailings. Waste Management Research, 160(4), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1680/warm.2007.160.4.155
  • Tütüneken H.B., (2022). Portland Çimentosu (CEMI 42,5R) için belirlenen dökme çimento fabrika teslim fiyatı, Satış Sorumlusu: Tütüneken H.B., Aşkale Çimento A.Ş Trabzon Çimento Fabrikası (Yayınlanmayan), Trabzon.
  • Yan, B., Yilmaz, E. (2020). Analytical solution for stress distribution in cementitious backfills considering stope inclinations. Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 1(2), 26-33.
  • Yılmaz, T., Erçıkdı, B., Cihangir, F. (2017). Yüksek fırın cürufu ve perlit ikamesinin çimentolu macun dolgunun mekanik ve mikro yapı özelliklerine etkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 239-252. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.358429
  • Yılmaz, T., Ercikdi, B., Deveci, H. (2018). Utilization of construction and demolition waste as cemented paste backfill material for underground mine openings. Journal of Environmental Management, 222, 250-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.075
  • Yılmaz, T. (2019). Asit nötralize edici malzemeler kullanılarak sülfürlü atıklardan duraylı macun dolgu üretiminin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, 153s.
  • Yılmaz, T., Erçıkdı, B., Cihangir, F. (2019). İnşaat atıklarının yeraltı madeni üretim boşluklarında dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanımı. Konya Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(4), 784-796. https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.654947
  • Yılmaz, T., Ercikdi, B., Cihangir, F. (2020). Evaluation of the neutralization performances of the industrial waste products (IWPs) in sulphide-rich environment of cemented paste backfill. Journal of Environmental Management, 258, 110037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110037
  • Yilmaz E., Yumlu, M. (2017). Cayeli paste backfill system and operations, In Paste Tailings Management, Editors: Erol Yilmaz ve Mamadou Fall, Springer International Publishing, Cham/Switzerland, pp. 235-264.
  • Yin, S., Shao, Y., Wu, A., Wang, Y., Chen, X. (2018). Expansion and strength properties of cemented backfill using sulphidic mill tailings. Construction and Building Materials, 165, 138-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.005
  • Yumlu, M. (2001). Backfill practices at Cayeli mine. International Mining Conference, 19-22 June, Ankara, Turkey, 333–339.
  • Zheng, J., Guo, L., Sun, X., Li, W., Jia, Q. (2018). Study on the strength development of cemented backfill body from lead-zinc mine tailings with sulphide. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7278014
  • URL-1, (2022). http://cevherhazirla.blogspot.com/search/label/i%C5%9F%20endeksi. 24 Şubat 2022
  • URL-2, (2022). https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-fiyatlari/. 02 Mart
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Tekin Yılmaz 0000-0003-3288-5192

Bayram Erçıkdı 0000-0003-4900-5382

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, T., & Erçıkdı, B. (2022). Atık Malzemelerin Çimentolu Macun Dolgunun Dayanım-Duraylılık Performansına ve Üretim Maliyetine Etkisi. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1083634

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