Altyazı çevirisinde dildışı kültürel referansların aktarılması: Tarihi dizi Diriliş: Ertuğrul üzerine bir çalışma

Öz

Görsel-İşitsel Çeviri'nin bir türü olan altyazının çeşitli yönleriyle ilgili olan bu makale, özellikle altyazı çevirmeninin karşılaştığı kısıtlamalara, kültürel referansların erek dilde sunulmasında karşılaşılan zorluk ve sorunlarla başa çıkmak için önerilen farklı stratejilere odaklanmıştır. Çalışmanın merkezinde Jorge Díaz-Cintas, Aline Remael ve Santamaria Guinot tarafından önerilen altyazı çeviri stratejileriyle ilgili sınıflandırma bulunmaktadır. İlk aşamada, Diriliş: Ertuğrul adlı Türkçe dizinin İngilizce versiyonunun altyazılarından seçilen Dildışı Kültürel Referanslar bu stratejiler ışığında analiz edilmiştir. Daha sonra, altyazılardaki dildışı kültürel referansların çevirisinin, kaynak kültürdeki filmin izleyicileri üzerinde yarattığı etkinin bir benzerinin hedef izleyiciler üzerinde ne ölçüde yaratabildiğini tespit etmek için altyazı çevirmeninin bu referansları tercüme etmede uyguladığı yöntemler değerlendirilmiştir. Diziden seçilen Dildışı Kültürel Referansların analizi, genel olarak altyazı çevirmeninin hedef dil ve kültür normlarına yakın olma eğiliminde olduğuna işaret etmiş ve bu yaklaşımın daha ziyade transfer esnasında orijinal ifadenin anlamında bozulma olmayacağı durumlarda ağırlık kazandığı gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dillerarası altyazı çevirisi
• dildışı kültürel referanslar
• görsel-işitsel çeviride kısıtlamalar
• altyazı çevirisinde stratejiler
• Diriliş: Ertuğrul

Extralinguistic cultural references (ECRs) rendered into subtitling: The case of the historical film series Diriliş: Ertuğrul

Abstract

This article concerns itself with various aspects of subtitling as a form of Audiovisual Translation (AVT), with special focus on the constraints the subtitler works under, the difficulties involved in rendering cultural references, and different kinds of strategies that have been proposed to deal with them. The study is mainly centered on the taxonomy of strategies proposed by Jorge Díaz-Cintas, Aline Remael, and Santamaria Guinot. In the first stage, the English subtitles corresponding to the Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs) selected from the sound track of the Turkish film series Diriliş: Ertuğrul have been analyzed in the light of these strategies. Then, the subtitler’s methods of dealing with ECRs have been evaluated in order to find out to what extent the translation of ECRs in subtitles have been able to create an effect on target viewers similar to the one created on viewers of the film in the source culture. The analysis of the ECRs selected from the film series generally pointed to an inclination on the part of the subtitler towards keeping close to the norms of the target language and culture, an approach that seems to have been adopted when this did not give rise to a distortion in the meaning of the original expression.

Keywords

• Interlingual subtitling
• extralinguistic cultural references (ECRs)
• constraints in audiovisual translation
• strategies for subtitling; Diriliş: Ertuğrul

Kaynakça

1. Chaume, F. (2004). Film studies and translation studies: Two disciplines at stake in audiovisual translation. Meta, 49(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.7202/009016ar
2. Chiaro, D. (2009). Issues in audiovisual translation. In J. Munday (Ed.), The Routledge companion to translation studies (pp. 141-163). Oxon, Routledge.
3. Díaz-Cintas, J. & Remael, A. (2007). Audiovisual translation: subtitling. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing.
4. Díaz Cintas, J. (2008). Audiovisual translation comes of age. In Chiaro, D., Heiss, C., and Bucaria, C. (Eds.), Between text and image: Updating research in screen translation (pp. 1–9). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
5. Díaz Cintas, J. (Ed.). (2009). New trends in audiovisual translation. Multilingual Matters.
6. Díaz-Cintas, J. & Remael, A. (2021). Subtitling: concepts and practices. Routledge.
7. Gottlieb, H. (1992). Subtitling - A new university discipline. In C. Dollerup, & A. Loddegaard (Eds.), Teaching translation and interpreting: Training, talent and experience (pp. 161-169). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
8. Gottlieb, H. (1997). You got the picture? On the polysemiotics of subtitling wordplay. In D. Delabastita (edt.), Essays on punning and translation. Routledge: London&New York.

9. Gottlieb, H. (1998). Subtitling. In M. Baker (edt.), Routledge encyclopaedia of translation studies (pp. 244-248). London: Routledge.
10. Gottlieb, H. (2005). Multidimensional Translation: Semantics turned Semiotics. MuTra 2005 – Challenges of Multidimensional Translation: Conference Proceedings. (pp.1-29).
11. Guillot, Marie-Noëlle (2019). Subtitling on the cusp of its futures. In Luis Pérez-González (edt.), The routledge handbook of audiovisual translation. Hatim, B. & Mason, I. (1990). Discourse and the translator. Longman: London&New York.
12. Higgins, I. & Hervey, S. (2002). Thinking French translation: A course in translation method: French to English. Routledge: London and New York.
13. Internet: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/subtitle retrieved on February 01, 2022.
14. Katan, D. (2003) Translating cultures: An introduction for translators, interpreters and mediators, Routledge: London & New York.
15. Liu, D. (2014). On the classification of subtitling. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 1103-1109.
16. Munday, J. (2016). Introducing translation studies: Theories and applications. Routledge: New York.
17. Nedergaard-Larsen, B. (1993). Culture-bound problems in subtitling. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 1:2, 207-240.
18. Palumbo, G. (2009). Key terms in translation studies. Continuum.
19. Pavlovic, N. & Poslek, D. (1998). British and Croatian culture-specific concepts in translation. In J. Ciglar-Zanic (Ed.), British cultural studies: Cross-cultural challenges (pp.157-168). Zagreb: The British Council Croatia.
20. Pedersen, J. (2005). How is culture rendered in subtitles? In MuTra Conference Proceedings. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from http://www.euroconferences.info/proceedings/2005_Proceedings/2005_Pedersen_Jan.pdf
21. Pedersen, J. (2011). Subtitling norms for television: An exploration focussing on extralinguistic cultural references. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
22. Pérez-González, L. (2014). Audiovisual translation: Theories, methods and issues. London & New York: Routledge.
23. Ramière N. (2006). Reaching a foreign audience: Cultural transfers in audiovisual translation. The Journal of Specialised Translation, 152-166.
24. Ranzato, I. (2016). Translating culture specific references on television: The case of dubbing. London & New York: Routledge.
25. Sánchez, D. (2004). Subtitling methods and team-translation. In Pilar Orero (Ed). Topics in audiovisual translation. (9-17). John Benjamins Publishing.
26. Talaván, N. (2016). A university handbook on terminology and specialized translation. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Madrid.
27. Valentini, C. (2008). Forlixt 1 – the forlì corpus of screen translation exploring macrostructures. In Delia Chiaro, Christine Heiss & Chiara Bucaria (Eds.), Between text and image: Updating research in screen translation (pp. 37-50).