Ana dil Türkçe konuşanların ikinci dil Rusçada görünüş bilgisini edinimi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkçeyi ileri yaşta ikinci dil (D2) olarak öğrenenler tarafından Rusçada sözcüksel görünüşü açıkça belirten işlevsel morfolojinin edinimini incelemektedir. Rusça ve Türkçe, hem dilbilgisel hem de sözcüksel görünüşü belirtme biçimleri açısından farklıdır. Rusçada hem dilbilgisel hem de sözcüksel (erekli) görünüşler, açık fiil morfolojisi ile belirtilir. Öte yandan Türkçede fiillerin dilbilgisel görünüşü, zaman ve/veya kipi de ifade eden çekim biçimbirimleriyle (Kornfilt, 1997); sözcüksel görünüş (ereklilik) ise dinamik fiillerle birlikte kullanılan nicelendirilmiş ad argümanları ile belirtilir. Ereklilik ve bağımlılık anlam özelliklerine sahip bir Anlamsal Gerektirim görevi (SET) ve miktara bağlı olan ve olmayan dahili argüman temaları içeren tamamlanmış ve tamamlanmamış formlu cümleleri kapsayan bir Doğruluk Değeri Yargısı (TVJ) görevinden oluşan bu çalışma, 16 D1 Türkçe/D2 Rusça konuşanı ile 16 D1 Rusça konuşanına uygulanmıştır. SET görevinin sonuçları, D2 Rusça konuşanlarının tamamlanmamış cümlelerden ziyade, tamamlanmış cümlelere en mantıksal gerektirmeyi seçmekte D1 Rusça konuşanları kadar başarılı olmadıklarını göstermiştir. İki grup arasındaki farklılıklar istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. TVJ görevinin sonuçları da D2 Rusça konuşanlarının tamamlanmış ve tamamlanmamış cümleleri doğru resimlerle eşleştirmede D1 Rusça konuşanlarından daha az başarılı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, ileri yaşta D2 konuşanlarının işlevsel morfolojinin, özellikle de görünüş morfolojisi ve onun ereklilik özelliğinin ediniminde zorlandığı iddiasını desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Grammatical aspect; lexical aspect; telicity; L1 Turkish; L2 Russian
• Grammatical aspect
• lexical aspect telicity
• L1 Turkish
• L2 Russian

L2 acquisition of Russian aspect by L1 Turkish speakers

Abstract

This study examines the acquisition of functional morphology which overtly marks lexical aspect in Russian by adult second language (L2) learners of Turkish. Russian and Turkish are different in the ways they mark both grammatical and lexical aspects. In Russian, both grammatical and lexical (telic) aspects are marked by overt verbal morphology. In Turkish, however, while the grammatical aspect of verbs is marked by inflectional morphemes, which also express tense and/or mood (Kornfilt, 1997), lexical aspect (telicity) is marked by quantized nominal arguments combined with dynamic verbs. We tested 16 L1 Turkish/L2 Russian learners and 16 L1 Russian speakers on a Semantic Entailment (SE) task with telicity and boundedness semantic features and a Truth-Value Judgment (TVJ) task involving sentences with perfective and imperfective forms including quantity and non-quantity internal argument themes. The results of the SE task indicated that L2 Russian speakers were not as successful as L1 Russian speakers in choosing the most logical entailment to perfective sentences rather than imperceptive sentences. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant. The results of the TVJ task also indicated that L2 Russian speakers were less successful than L1 Russian speakers in matching perfective and imperfective sentences with correct pictures. These findings support the claim that adult L2 speakers have difficulty with the acquisition of functional morphology, in particular aspectual morphology and its telicity feature.

Keywords

• Grammatical aspect
• lexical aspect telicity
• L1 Turkish
• L2 Russian

Kaynakça

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